金沙江流域降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征
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摘要
[目的]分析金沙江流域降雨侵蚀力的时空分布的变化特征,为优化流域土壤流失定量评估及水土保持规划编制工作提供支持。[方法]利用气象台站降水资料验证了TRMM降水数据估算降雨侵蚀力在金沙江流域内的适用性,并结合气象站、TRMM和DEM数据,在Arc/Info软件提供的地图代数运算功能支持下,利用日雨量模型估算降雨侵蚀力开展分析和研究。[结果]1998—2015年TRMM 3B42降水数据和气象站降水数据估算金沙江流域多年平均的总体精度达到了82%,说明二者估算降雨侵蚀力的结果在合理误差范围内,金沙江流域降雨侵蚀力大体呈由东南向西北递减的趋势,地区差异大。总体上,高程越小的地区,降雨侵蚀力越大。流域年际变化同样存在空间分异,整体上呈现降低的趋势。[结论]将TRMM 3B42降水数据应用于气象站点稀疏的金沙江流域的多年平均降雨侵蚀力估算是可行的。但是各个站点估算结果的一致性高低程度不同,且某些年份的适用性程度受极端气候的影响。
[Objective]The spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall erosion in the Jinsha river basin from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed,to provide references for optimizing the quantitative prediction of soil loss in watershed and the planning of soil and water conservation.[Methods]The rainfall data of the meteorological stations were used to verify the applicability of TRMM precipitation data.Upon which,the rainfall erosion force in Jinsha river basin was estimated using daily precipitation model.The estimation was conducted by combining with weather stations data,TRMM and DEM data,and in the support of Arc/Info software's map algebra operation function.[Results]The TRMM 3 B42 rainfall data and weather station precipitation data were used to estimate the rainfall erosion force in Jinsha river basin for many years,and the average overall accuracy reached 82% ,illustrating that the estimation of rainfall erosion by the two sourced data was within the reasonable range of error.The estimated rainfall erosion force had regional difference and elevation difference,from the southeast to the northwest,it had a general diminishing trend;the smaller the elevation was,the greater the rainfall erosion.The inter annual change in the basin also had spatial differentiation,and the overall temporal trend was decreasing.[Conclusion]It is feasible to apply TRMM 3 B42 precipitationdata to the annual mean rainfall erosion force estimation in the Jinsha River basin.However,the consistency of each site's estimation results was different,and the applicability of certain years was influenced by extreme weather.
[Objective]The spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall erosion in the Jinsha river basin from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed,to provide references for optimizing the quantitative prediction of soil loss in watershed and the planning of soil and water conservation.[Methods]The rainfall data of the meteorological stations were used to verify the applicability of TRMM precipitation data.Upon which,the rainfall erosion force in Jinsha river basin was estimated using daily precipitation model.The estimation was conducted by combining with weather stations data,TRMM and DEM data,and in the support of Arc/Info software's map algebra operation function.[Results]The TRMM 3 B42 rainfall data and weather station precipitation data were used to estimate the rainfall erosion force in Jinsha river basin for many years,and the average overall accuracy reached 82% ,illustrating that the estimation of rainfall erosion by the two sourced data was within the reasonable range of error.The estimated rainfall erosion force had regional difference and elevation difference,from the southeast to the northwest,it had a general diminishing trend;the smaller the elevation was,the greater the rainfall erosion.The inter annual change in the basin also had spatial differentiation,and the overall temporal trend was decreasing.[Conclusion]It is feasible to apply TRMM 3 B42 precipitationdata to the annual mean rainfall erosion force estimation in the Jinsha River basin.However,the consistency of each site's estimation results was different,and the applicability of certain years was influenced by extreme weather.
引文
[1]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.降雨侵蚀力研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(5):43-46.
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[3]刘斌涛,陶和平,宋春风,等.1960—2009年中国降雨侵蚀力的时空变化趋势[J].地理研究,2013,32(2):245-256.
[4]汪言在,苟诗薇,张述林.三峡库区(重庆段)降雨侵蚀力变化趋势及突变分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(3):1-6.
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[9]嵇涛,杨华,刘睿,等.TRMM卫星降水数据在川渝地区的适用性分析[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(10):1375-1386.
[10]王凯,陈璐,马金辉,等.TRMM降水数据在中国降雨侵蚀力计算中的应用[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(5):948-959.
[11]严冬,范建容,郭芬芬,等.西藏地区降水侵蚀力时空分布研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(4):17-21.
[12]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J].山地学报,2003,21(1):33-40.
[13]史雯雨,张智涌,李增永.金沙江流域近55a降水时空分布特征及变化趋势[J].人民长江,2016,47(18):39-43.
[14]刘晓婉,许继军,韩志明.金沙江流域降水空间分布特征及变化趋势分析[J].人民长江,2016,47(15):36-44.
[15]廖宇,倪长健.金沙江流域近47年降水特征分析[J].人民长江,2011,42(5):55-58.
[16]张莉莉,陈进.长江上游水沙变化分析[J].长江科学院院报,2007,24(6):34-37.
[2]孙泉忠,王朝军,赵佳,等.中国降雨侵蚀力R指标研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(4):1-5.
[3]刘斌涛,陶和平,宋春风,等.1960—2009年中国降雨侵蚀力的时空变化趋势[J].地理研究,2013,32(2):245-256.
[4]汪言在,苟诗薇,张述林.三峡库区(重庆段)降雨侵蚀力变化趋势及突变分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(3):1-6.
[5]Hirose M,Nnkamura K.Spatiotemporal variation of the vertical gradient of rainfall rate observed by the TRMM precipitation radar[J].Journal of Climate,2004,17(17):3378-3397.
[6]潘桂棠,徐强,等.西南“三江”多岛弧造山过程成矿系统与资源评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.
[7]章文波,付金生.不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力[J].资源科学,2003,25(1):35-41.
[8]谢云,刘宝元,章文波.侵蚀性降雨标准研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学,2000,14(4):6-21.
[9]嵇涛,杨华,刘睿,等.TRMM卫星降水数据在川渝地区的适用性分析[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(10):1375-1386.
[10]王凯,陈璐,马金辉,等.TRMM降水数据在中国降雨侵蚀力计算中的应用[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(5):948-959.
[11]严冬,范建容,郭芬芬,等.西藏地区降水侵蚀力时空分布研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(4):17-21.
[12]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J].山地学报,2003,21(1):33-40.
[13]史雯雨,张智涌,李增永.金沙江流域近55a降水时空分布特征及变化趋势[J].人民长江,2016,47(18):39-43.
[14]刘晓婉,许继军,韩志明.金沙江流域降水空间分布特征及变化趋势分析[J].人民长江,2016,47(15):36-44.
[15]廖宇,倪长健.金沙江流域近47年降水特征分析[J].人民长江,2011,42(5):55-58.
[16]张莉莉,陈进.长江上游水沙变化分析[J].长江科学院院报,2007,24(6):34-37.