考虑滑坡敏感性的天津市蓟州区生态网络构建
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摘要
随着城镇水平不断提高,人口数量不断增加,滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害频发,天津市蓟州区的景观孤岛化和破碎化现象日益严重,生物多样性减少,生态价值和生态服务功能降低。以天津市蓟州区为研究区,从自然资源、气候调节、水源涵养、生物多样性等方面考虑,选取生态源地;选取坡度、地形起伏度、坡向等滑坡孕灾环境因子,基于信息量模型,在定量分析滑坡与各孕灾环境因子关系的基础上通过地图代数计算滑坡敏感性指数,并用于修正由土地利用类型赋值得到的生态基本阻力面,基于最小费用模型提取研究区生态廊道,进而构建天津市蓟州区生态网络。研究结果表明:研究区内滑坡的空间分布主要受坡度、高程、地形起伏度以及岩土类型等因素的控制;经验证基于信息量模型计算得到的滑坡敏感性指数对研究区内的滑坡具有较强的诊断能力;基于最小费用模型,提取生态廊道23条,总长度约为129 km。通过对比分析,提取的生态廊道基本上避开了滑坡灾害的高敏感性区域,能够有效地将生态源地进行连接;生态廊道在蓟州区的空间分布存在显著的差异,主要分布在蓟州区的北部山区,生态廊道的密度较高,在蓟州区的中部和南部地区,生态廊道的分布非常稀疏。研究成果将为天津市蓟州区生态网络的优化、生态安全格局的构建提供科学依据。
As urbanization level and population rise continuously,landslides,slides and other geological disasters strike very frequently,and in Jizhou District of Tianjin,landscape isolation and fragmentation are getting increasingly serious,biodiversity is on the decrease,and ecological values and service functions are being reduced.In this paper,Jizhou District of Tianjin was taken as a study area.Ecological source regions were selected considering many factors such as natural resources,climate regulation,water conservation,and biodiversity.Slope,relief,aspect,elevation,lithology type,road,fault,and type of land use were taken as landslide susceptibility factors.In virtue of an information value model,quantitative analysis was conducted on the relations between landslides and these susceptibility factors,based on which,landslide susceptibility index was then calculated using map algebra which was used to modify the basic ecological resistance plane was obtained through assignment of the type of land use.Then ecological corridors in the study area were extracted using the minimal cumulative resistance model,after which,an ecological network was constructed for this district.According to the results,the spatial distribution of the landslides in the study area were controlled by slope,elevation,relief and lithology type.The landslide susceptibility index obtained through calculation had relatively strong diagnosibility based on the verification.23 ecological corridors were extracted,129 km in total.Comparative analysis indicated that these ecological corridors basically kept away from highly susceptibility areas of landslide disasters and they could connect ecological source regions effectively.In terms of spatial distribution,ecological corridors in this area also showed significant differences.They were mainly distributed in the northern mountainous area of Jizhou district,where the density of ecological corridors was high,while ecological corridors in the central and southern areas were very sparse.The study results will provide Jizhou District of Tianjin with a scientific basis for optimizing its ecological network and constructing an ecological security pattern.
As urbanization level and population rise continuously,landslides,slides and other geological disasters strike very frequently,and in Jizhou District of Tianjin,landscape isolation and fragmentation are getting increasingly serious,biodiversity is on the decrease,and ecological values and service functions are being reduced.In this paper,Jizhou District of Tianjin was taken as a study area.Ecological source regions were selected considering many factors such as natural resources,climate regulation,water conservation,and biodiversity.Slope,relief,aspect,elevation,lithology type,road,fault,and type of land use were taken as landslide susceptibility factors.In virtue of an information value model,quantitative analysis was conducted on the relations between landslides and these susceptibility factors,based on which,landslide susceptibility index was then calculated using map algebra which was used to modify the basic ecological resistance plane was obtained through assignment of the type of land use.Then ecological corridors in the study area were extracted using the minimal cumulative resistance model,after which,an ecological network was constructed for this district.According to the results,the spatial distribution of the landslides in the study area were controlled by slope,elevation,relief and lithology type.The landslide susceptibility index obtained through calculation had relatively strong diagnosibility based on the verification.23 ecological corridors were extracted,129 km in total.Comparative analysis indicated that these ecological corridors basically kept away from highly susceptibility areas of landslide disasters and they could connect ecological source regions effectively.In terms of spatial distribution,ecological corridors in this area also showed significant differences.They were mainly distributed in the northern mountainous area of Jizhou district,where the density of ecological corridors was high,while ecological corridors in the central and southern areas were very sparse.The study results will provide Jizhou District of Tianjin with a scientific basis for optimizing its ecological network and constructing an ecological security pattern.
引文
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[15]范继跃,何政伟,赵银兵,倪忠云,陈小亮.GIS在四川九龙县地质灾害区划中的应用.成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2007,34(2):180-184.
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[17]Nagarajan R,Roy A,Kumar R V,Mukherjee A,Khire M V.Landslide hazard susceptibility mapping based on terrain and climatic factors for tropical monsoon regions.Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2000,58(4):275-287.
[18]孙炜锋,谭成轩,王继明,吴树仁,张春山.陕西宝鸡地区千阳县地质灾害易发性评价.地质通报,2008,27(11):1846-1853.
[19]陈竹安,况达,危小建,张立亭.基于MSPA与MCR模型的余江县生态网络构建.长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(8):1199-1207.
[20]陈利顶,傅伯杰,赵文武.“源”“汇”景观理论及其生态学意义.生态学报,2006,26(5):1444-1449.
[21]徐文彬,尹海伟,孔繁花.基于生态安全格局的南京都市区生态控制边界划定.生态学报,2017,37(12):4019-4028.
[22]袁钟,赵牡丹,刘蕊娟.基于最小成本距离与改进引力模型的城市绿地网络构建与优化.陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(2):104-109.
[2]彭建,郭小楠,胡熠娜,刘焱序.基于地质灾害敏感性的山地生态安全格局构建——以云南省玉溪市为例.应用生态学报,2017,28(2):627-635.
[3]路晓,王金满,李新凤,冯宇.基于最小费用距离的土地整治生态网络构建.水土保持通报,2017,37(4):143-149,346.
[4]刘世梁,侯笑云,尹艺洁,成方妍,张月秋,董世魁.景观生态网络研究进展.生态学报,2017,37(12):3947-3956.
[5]张妍,郑宏媚,陆韩静.城市生态网络分析研究进展.生态学报,2017,37(12):4258-4267.
[6]于强,岳德鹏,张启斌,吕奇,李宁,侯宏冰.磴口县景观格局演变特征及生态网络构建.中国沙漠,2017,37(3):601-609.
[7]卿凤婷,彭羽.基于RS和GIS的北京市顺义区生态网络构建与优化.应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(6):1074-1081.
[8]曲艺,陆明.生态网络规划研究进展与发展趋势.城市发展研究,2016,23(8):29-36.
[9]蒋思敏,张青年,陶华超.广州市绿地生态网络的构建与评价.中山大学学报:自然科学版,2016,55(4):162-170.
[10]张璐.固原市绿地生态网络构建研究[D].苏州:苏州科技大学,2016.
[11]Knaapen J P,Scheffer M,Harms B.Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning.Landscape and Urban Planning,1992,23(1):1-16.
[12]俞孔坚.生物保护的景观生态安全格局.生态学报,1999,19(1):8-15.
[13]房万领,李学云,田德培,王林海.天津城市建设工程地质稳定性综合分析.地质调查与研究,2016,39(1):64-70.
[14]朱良峰,吴信才,殷坤龙,刘修国.基于信息量模型的中国滑坡灾害风险区划研究.地球科学与环境学报,2004,26(3):52-56.
[15]范继跃,何政伟,赵银兵,倪忠云,陈小亮.GIS在四川九龙县地质灾害区划中的应用.成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2007,34(2):180-184.
[16]Greco R,Sorriso-Valvo M,Catalano E.Logistic regression analysis in the evaluation of mass movements susceptibility:the aspromonte case study,Calabria,Italy.Engineering Geology,2007,89(1/2):47-66.
[17]Nagarajan R,Roy A,Kumar R V,Mukherjee A,Khire M V.Landslide hazard susceptibility mapping based on terrain and climatic factors for tropical monsoon regions.Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2000,58(4):275-287.
[18]孙炜锋,谭成轩,王继明,吴树仁,张春山.陕西宝鸡地区千阳县地质灾害易发性评价.地质通报,2008,27(11):1846-1853.
[19]陈竹安,况达,危小建,张立亭.基于MSPA与MCR模型的余江县生态网络构建.长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(8):1199-1207.
[20]陈利顶,傅伯杰,赵文武.“源”“汇”景观理论及其生态学意义.生态学报,2006,26(5):1444-1449.
[21]徐文彬,尹海伟,孔繁花.基于生态安全格局的南京都市区生态控制边界划定.生态学报,2017,37(12):4019-4028.
[22]袁钟,赵牡丹,刘蕊娟.基于最小成本距离与改进引力模型的城市绿地网络构建与优化.陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(2):104-109.