西方地图史研究:收藏兴趣、后现代转向、多样化
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摘要
地图史研究在20世纪六七十年代兴起,在各种社会思潮的影响下,20世纪八九十年代很快就发生了转向。其中,哈利(John Brain Harley)、大卫·特布尔(David Turnbull)、克里斯蒂安·雅克布(Christian Jacob)是地图史研究转向中展开系统理论阐述的代表性学者。尤其是哈利成就卓著,他关于地图史的理论阐述被称之为地图史哲学,而以他为核心的学者群为地图史研究做出了重大贡献,影响深远。他们对地图史研究理论的阐释有着内在的一致性,都强调了对地图的重新定义,地图与其所处的社会的关系,地图与知识、权力的关系。在理论发展的推动下,地图史研究在20世纪90年代以后开始蓬勃发展。首先,传统的实证主义专题在继续发展的同时,吸收新的思路与方法,不断深化;其次地图史不再只是地图史本身:地图史同时也呈现历史,而地图更被用来构建历史。第三,也是极为重要的,从权力、资本、知识关联性角度,讨论地图史与地理空间的相互创造过程。第四,地图装饰和女性主义等其他地图史专题研究,同样引人注目。
The map history or cartographic history sprung up in 1960,70 s,and postmodern turn in 1980〉0 s.There are important scholars,e.g.John Brain Harley,David Turnbull,and Christian Jacob,during this period.They had given theories from themselves aspects.Especially,J.B.Harley is the most important scholar,whose theory is called philosophy of cartographic history.The group around J.B.Harley has made significant contributions to cartographic history or map history.In their theories,there have some kind of internal consistency,such as redefining ‘map',relationship between maps and its social,correlation between maps and knowledge,power.In my view,by the turn of cartographic history,there have some characters in following.First,the traditional empirical research topics have been developed in deeply from new ways and methods.Second,the map history or cartographic history is not just knowledge history or intellectual history,or the history of disciplines.Now,it is just history,which was used to present or structure history.Third,it is a very important topic that cartographic history made historical geography each other from the aspect of knowledge,capital,and power.Forth,but not the last,some topic is also very interesting and fascinating,such as decoration,margin,and women.
The map history or cartographic history sprung up in 1960,70 s,and postmodern turn in 1980〉0 s.There are important scholars,e.g.John Brain Harley,David Turnbull,and Christian Jacob,during this period.They had given theories from themselves aspects.Especially,J.B.Harley is the most important scholar,whose theory is called philosophy of cartographic history.The group around J.B.Harley has made significant contributions to cartographic history or map history.In their theories,there have some kind of internal consistency,such as redefining ‘map',relationship between maps and its social,correlation between maps and knowledge,power.In my view,by the turn of cartographic history,there have some characters in following.First,the traditional empirical research topics have been developed in deeply from new ways and methods.Second,the map history or cartographic history is not just knowledge history or intellectual history,or the history of disciplines.Now,it is just history,which was used to present or structure history.Third,it is a very important topic that cartographic history made historical geography each other from the aspect of knowledge,capital,and power.Forth,but not the last,some topic is also very interesting and fascinating,such as decoration,margin,and women.
引文
(1)Helen Wallis,Preface,for Ronald vere Tooley,Tooley’s dictionary of mapmakers,Tring,Hertfordshire,England:Map Collector Publictions Limited,1979(c Meridian Publishing Company and Alan R.Liss,Inc.),xi-xii.Malcolm Lewis认为是1970年代以来的事情,并从国际性的专业委员会、学术期刊以及研究思想与方法等方面对1990年代以前的地图史发展做了概括,参见MalcolmLewis,“地图学史”词条,R.J.约翰斯顿主编《人文地理学词典》,柴彦威等译,(北京)商务印书馆,2004年,第57-63页。
(2)J.H.Andrew,Preface,for Maps in Those Days:Cartographic Methods Before 1850,Dublin 8:Four Courts Press,2009,xv-xvii.J.H.Andrew在序言中指出,“过去的45年来,地图史的专著和论文爆炸性增长”,并认为现在“地图史的文献增长得太快,以至于任何个人都难以消化”。David Buisseret,Preface,of The mapmaker’s quest:Depicting new worlds in renaissance Europe,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2003,xi.David Buisseret在序言中认为“过去20到30年之间,对地图学史感兴趣的学者数量突然增长,《国际指南》(Map Collector Publications LTD of Tring)中的学者人数从1992年的不到400人,到1998年增加到大约650人”。1990年代中期以后地图史迅猛发展的趋势显然大大超出了Malcolm Lewis为1994年版R.J.约翰斯顿主编的《人文地理学词典》撰写地图学史词条时候的估计,见Malcolm Lewis,“地图学史词条,R.J.约翰斯顿主编的《人文地理学词典》,第57-63页。
(1)本文源于2015.8-2016.8月加州大学伯克利分校(University of California,Berkeley)访学期间的阅读,以该校图书馆馆藏为主。在此,对合作导师戴梅可(Michael Nylan)教授、东亚图书馆何剑叶老师、该校各图书馆工作人员以及好友何忠教授夫妇等给予的帮助致以真诚地感谢。
(2)Helen Wallis,Preface,for Ronald vere Tooley,Tooley's dictionary of mapmakers,Tring,Hertfordshire,England:Map Collector Publictions Limited,1979(Meridian Publishing Company and Alan R.Liss,Inc.),xi-xii.
(3)该书1965年由G.Bell&Sons Ltd.出版公司初版。1970年再版。1979年第三版时换了出版社,书名改为:Old Maps and Globes:with a list of cartographers,engravers,publishers and printers concerned with printed maps and globes from c.1500to c.1850,London:Bell&Hyman Limited,1965(1970,1979).Helen Wallis为Tooley的词典写序言的时候还不可能看到79年的最新版。该书至今仍然很有参考价值。
(1)Ronald vere Tooley,Tooley's dictionary of mapmakers,Tring,Hertfordshire,England:Map Collector Publictions Limited,1979(Meridian Publishing Company and Alan R.Liss,Inc.),foreword.
(2)Ronald vere Tooley,Maps and Map-Makers,New York:Dorest Press,1987 seventh edition,reprinted1990.
(1)Preface,by George Kish,in Tony Campbell,The Earlist Printed Maps,1420-1500,Berkeley:Uniersity Of California Press,1987,ppvii.
(2)个人所见到的是其中的第5版与第6版。Lorraine Dubreuil,Directory of Canadian Map Collections,1986(5th edition),Association of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives.Tim Ross,Directory of Canadian Map Collections,1992(6th edition),Association of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives。第5、6两版略有不同,正文都是英法双语,体例基本一致,但是在具体收藏单位,收藏情况上往往有调整。类似书目还有Gilles Langelier,National Map Collection,Minister of Supply and Services Canada,1985.
(3)David A.Cobb,(compile),Guide to U.S.Map Resources(second edition),the American Library Association,(1986)1990.
(4)Jeffrey A.Kroessler,A Guide to Historical Map Resources for Greater New York,Chicago:Speculum Orbis Press,1988.
(5)Manuscript and Annotated Maps,in the American Geographical Society Library:A Cartobibliography,Complied by Jovanka Ristic with the assistance of Scott R.McEathron,2010,Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.
(1)James C.Martin,and Roleet Sidney Martin,ed.,Maps of Texas and the Southwest,1513-1900,University of New Mexico Press,1984.
(2)引自Complied and edited by David C.Jolly,Antique Maps,Sea Charts,City Views,Celestial Charts&Battle Plans,Price Guide and Collectors’Handbook for 1983,pp.15.该书是地图交易目录,它是仿照邮票收藏的交易目录编制的连续出版物,所见为1983-1989年之间的7册,此后版权几经转手,据传现在由地图交易网站出版网络版。
(1)上述专著与评论转引自P.D.A.Harvey,Mapsin Tudor England,Chicago:the University of Chicago Press,1993,pp117.实际上英文学术界到20世纪60年代的地图史研究论著数量已经相当丰富,思想与方法而言取向多元化,但是由于没有找到合适的西文地图史研究论著目录,而利用相关专著的参考文献整理出一份较好的论著目录是一项费时费力的工作,暂时个人力量还无法做到,因此目前我还无法对1960、70年代以前的西方地图史研究做深入全面的概括,这是略微遗憾的地方。
(2)据George Kish的《前言》,Marcel Destombes’s Catalogue des cartes gravéesau XV esiècle是国际地理学联合会(International Geogra phical Union)出版的早期印刷地图的目录。
(1)利用书目,可以找到不少这样的论著,如A.H.Robinson&B.B.Petchenik,The nature of maps:essays toward understanding maps and mapping,University of Chicago Press,Chicago,1976;P.D.A.Harvey,The history of topographical maps:symbols,pictures and surveys,Thames&Hudson,London,1980;A.G.Hodgkiss,Understanding maps:a Systematic history of their use and development,Dawson,Folkstone,Kent,1981;J.S.Keates,Understanding maps,Longman,London,1982.引自David Turnbull,Maps are Territories:science is an atlas:a Portfolio of exhibits,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1993(Originally published:Geelong,Vic.:Deakin University,1989)书后的参考书目。
(2)哈利1932年出生于英国的Bristol,1943-1950年在斯坦福德郡(Staffordshire)布鲁德文法学校(Brewood Grammar School)读中学,之后服兵役。1952年在伯明翰大学(Birmingham University)谋得一个职位。1956年从牛津大学获得教育学文凭(Dip Ed)之后,回到伯明翰。1960年在伯明翰以沃里克郡(Warwickshire)历史地理的论文获得博士学位(1985年伯明翰大学因其突出的成就授予其文学博士的荣誉)。从1958-1969年在利物浦大学(Liverpool University)任历史地理学助理讲师、讲师,在此期间转向地图史研究。1970-1986年在埃克赛特大学(University of Exeter)担任讲师、蒙特费埃里教授(Montefiore Reader),1986年到美国威斯康辛大学密尔沃基分校(University of Wisconsin,Milwaukee)任教,与同事David Woodward发起编撰多卷本《地图学史》(History of Cartography),1991年突发心脏病去世。按,本文关于J.B.Harley的生平参考了在1969年接替他担任利物浦大学历史地理学讲师职位的Paul Laxton撰写的简介和维基百科词条。J.B.Harley,The New Nature of Maps:Essays in the history of cartography,edited by Paul Laxton,Baltimore and London:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2002.这个生平简介与维基百科上的词条有冲突,在两者冲突且无法考证的地方以Paul Laxton的描述为准。
(3)Paul Laxton,Preface,in J.B.Harley,The New Nature of Maps:Essays in the history of cartography,edited by Paul Laxton,Baltimore and London:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2002.pp.x.本部分凡是没有注明的,都来自Paul Laxton编的哈利的论文集。
(1)哈利与大卫·伍德沃德主持的地图学史项目是一个庞大的工程,在他生前出版了第1卷《史前时期、古代和中世纪欧洲与地中海地区的地图学史》(Cartography in Prehistoric,Ancient,and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean,Vol.1 of The History of Cartography.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1987.600pages+40color plates+240黑白图片)。他去世后,David Woodward继续该项目,仍以两人编辑的名义于1992年出版了第2卷第1分册《传统伊斯兰和南亚社会的地图学史》(Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies,vol.2.1,580pages+4color plates+355黑白图片),1994年出版了第2卷第2分册《传统东亚和东南亚社会的地图学史》(Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies,vol.2.2,970pages+40color plates+503黑白图片)。1998年David Woodward与G.Malcolm Lewis编辑出版了第2卷第3分册《传统非洲、美洲、北极、澳洲和太平洋社会的地图学史》(Cartography in the Traditional African,American,Arctic,Australian,and Pacific Societies,vol.2.3,639pages+24color plates+459黑白图片)。David Woodward主持了第3卷《欧洲文艺复兴时期的地图学》(Cartography in the European Renaissance,vol.3,2007,2180pages+80color plates+965黑白图片),但不幸的是他于2004去世,该书2007年才正式出版。目前由著名地图学家Mark Monmonier主编的第6卷《20世纪地图学》(Cartography in the Twentieth Century,Part1,Part2)已经于2015年正式出版。Matthew Edney and Mary Sponberg Pedley主编的第4卷《欧洲文艺复兴时期的地图学》(Cartography in the European Enlightenment),以及Roger Kain主编的第5卷《19世纪的地图学》(Cartography in the Nineteenth Century)即将出版。第1、2、3卷,第6卷在地图学史的项目组的网站上有电子版可以申请购买。
(2)J.B.Harley,The New Nature of Maps:Essays in the history of cartography,edited by Paul Laxton,Baltimore and London:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2002.收录的论文有些是在Harley去世后发表的。
(1)John Andrews,introduction,J.B.Harley,The New Nature of Maps:Essays in the history of cartography,edited by Paul Laxton,Baltimore and London:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2002.pp.1-32.John Andrews是Harley早期的同事,两人保持了长期的友谊,但是从1980年代Harley开始地图史哲学阐释以后,Harley逐渐较少看他的研究,而John Andrews则开始对Harley的研究展开了批评。这篇导论中就对Harley做了系统的批评,但总体上是客观的,而不是颂扬。
(2)Christine Marie Petto在其专著《近代早期法国和英格兰的地图绘制与海图绘制:权力、赞助与生产》的《导论》中认为即使在Harley逝世20多年后,所有研究地图、海图和地图集在欧洲历史上的角色的历史学家都必须向他的著作致敬。Christine Marie Petto,Introduction,of Mapping and Charting in Early Modern England and France:Power,Patronage,and Production,Lexington Books,xi-xxii。
(3)David Wade Chambers,Preface,David Turnbull,Maps are Territories:science is an atlas:a Portfolio of exhibits,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1993,Originally published:Geelong,Vic.:Deakin University,1989.
(1)The Sovereign map:theoretical approaches in cartography throughout history,translated by Tom Conley,Chicago&London:The University of Chicago Press,2006.
(2)Christian Jacob,Preface to the English-language edition,translated by Tom Conley,edited by Edward H.Dahl,The Sovereign map:theoretical approaches in cartography throughout history,Chicago&London:The University of Chicago Press,2006,xiii.
(3)David Buisseret认为1980年代以来地图史研究的转向有三个方面有特别的意义:第一,地图的定义更为广义也更为准确。第二,将地图放到其所在的社会和经济框架中的尝试长期持续;第三,学者成功地表明了绘制地图的冲动似乎在人类社会中普遍存在。David Buisseret,Preface,of The mapmaker’s quest:Depicting new worlds in renaissance Europe,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2003,xi
(1)Richard J.A.Talbert,and Richard W.Unger,ed.,Cartography in Antiquity and the Middle Ages:Fresh Perspectives,New Methods,Leiden·Boston:Koninkligke Brill NV,2008
(2)该论文集所收录论文如下:Richard Talbert,Greek and Roman Mapping:Twenty-First Century Perspectives,9-28;Patrick Cautier Dalche,L'Heritage Antique de la Cartographie Medievale:Les Problemes et les Acquis,29-66;Jennifer Trimble,Process and Transformation on the Severan Marble Plan of Rome,67-98;Tom Elliott,Constructing a Digital Edition for the Peutinger Map,99-110;Emily Albu,Rethinking the Peutinger Map,111-120;Yossef Rapoport and Emilie Savage-Smith,The Book of Curiosities and a Unique Map of the World,121-138;Maja Kominko,New Perspectives on Paradise-The Levels of Reality in Byzantine and Latin Medieval Maps,139-154;Benjamin Z.Kedar,Rashi's Map of the Land of Canaan,ca.1100,and Its Cartographic Background,155-168;Natalia Lozovsky,Maps and Panegyrics:Roman GeoEthnographical Rhetoric in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages,169-188;Lucy E.G.Donkin,"Usque ad Ultimum Terrae":Mapping the Ends of the Earth in Two Medieval Floor Mosaics,189-218;Evelyn Edson,Maps in Context:Isidore,Orosius,and the Medieval Image of the World,219-236;Raymond Clemens,Medieval Maps in a Renaissance Context:Gregorio Dati and the Teaching of Geography in Fifteenth-Century Florence,237-256;Camille Serchuk,Cartes et Chroniques:Mapping and History in Late Medieval France,257-276.
(3)马克·蒙末尼尔著、黄义军译:《会说谎的地图》,(北京)商务印书馆,2012年。该书英文名How to Lie with Maps,1972年,芝加哥大学出版社出版,1996、1999分别再版,中译本1996年译出。
(4)丹尼斯·伍德著、王志弘译:《地图的力量---使过去与未来现形》,(北京)中国社会科学出版社,2000年。该书虽然带有通俗性质,但影响很大。
(5)Karen Piper,Cartographic Fictions:Maps,Race,and Identity,New Brunswick,New Jersey,and London:Rutgers University Press,2002
(6)Arthur Jay Klinghoffer,The Power of Projections:How Maps Reflect Global Politics and History,Westport:Praeger Publishers,2006.作者Arthur Jay Klinghoffer(1941-)是Rutgers University(in Camden,New Jersey)的政治学教授,关注的主题广泛,包括人权、种族灭绝、苏联社会主义、南非种族隔离(South African apartheid)以及石油与金元政治.
(7)Robert W.Karrow,Jr.,Mapmakers of the sixteenth century and their maps,bio-bibliographies of the cartographers of Abraham Ortelius,1570,based on Leo Bagrow's A.Ortelii Catalogus Cartographorum,Chicago:Speculum Orbis Press,1993,846pages.
(1)亚布拉罕·奥特留斯(Abraham Ortelius,1527.4.14-1598.6.28),尼德兰(Netherl andish)地图学家、地理学家,被认为是第一部现代地图集《世界舞台》(the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum)的作者,他是尼德兰测绘学院(Nether land ishschoolin Cartography,它的黄金时期是16-17世纪)的创始人之一,他同时也被认为是第一个提出现在的大陆在漂移之前是一个整体的观点的人。详细的介绍依据维基百科词条。
(2)Gaetano Ferro,Translated into English by Hann Heck and Lucian F.Farina,The Genoese Cartographic Tradition and Christopher Columbus,Roma:Istituto poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato,Libreria dello Stato,1997,c1996.
(3)Mine Esiner Ozen,Pir7 Reis and His Charts,with Nestern Refioglu,translated,&ed.,Pir7Reis and His Charts,Istanbul,N.Refioglu Publications,1998.
(4)Gregory C.McIntosh,The Piri Reis Map of1513,Athens:University of Geogria Press,2000.
(5)Guillaume Monsaingeon,Les Voyages De Vauban,ditions Parenthèses,2007.
(6)Christopher M.Klein,Maps in EighteenthCentury British Magazines A Checklist,The Newberry Library,1989
(7)David Bosse,Civil War Newspaper Maps,Baltimore&London:The John Hopkins University Press,1993.
(1)John Winearls,ed.,Editing early and historical atlas,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1995。各篇论文如下:1James R.Akerman,From books with maps to books as maps:the editor in the creation of the Atlas Idea,3-48;2 Walter A.Goffart,Breaking the ortelian pattern:historical atlases with a new program,1747-1830,49-82;3 Mary Sponberg Pedley,'Commode,complet,uniforme,et suivi':problems in atlas editing in Enlightenment France,83-108;4Anne Godlewska,Jomard:the geographic imagination and the first Great Facsimile Atlases,109-136;5 William G.Dean,Atlas structures and their influence on editorial decisions:two recent case histories,137-162;6 R.Cole Harris,Maps as a morality play:Volume I of the Historical Atlas of Canada,163-180;7 Deryck W.Holdsworth,The politics of editing a national historical atlas:A commentary,181-196。
(2)Richard J.A.Talbert,Rome's World:the Peutinger Map Reconsidered,New York:Cambridge University Press,2010.
(3)Evelyn Edson,The Word Map,1300-1492:The Persistence of Tradition and Transformation,Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2007.
(4)J.H.Andrew,Maps in Those Days:Cartographic Methods Before 1850,Dublin 8:Four Courts Press,2009.
(5)Richard J.A.Talbert,ed.,Ancient Perspectives:Maps and Their Place in Mesopotamia,Egypt,Greece&Rome,Chicago and London:The Univeristy of Chicago Presss,2012.
(1)coordinador,Jesús Varela Marcos;autores,Juan Vernet…[et al.].El Tratado de Tordesillas en la cartografía histórica/[Valladolid]:Junta de Castilla y León:V Centenario Tratado de Tordesillas,[1994].
(2)Alexei V.Postnikov,The Mapping of Russian American:A History of Russian-American contacts in Cartography,University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee,1995,American Geographical Society Collection Special Publication No.4.
(3)Robert Clancy,John Manning,and Henk Brolsma,Mapping Antarctica,a five hundred year record of discovery,Springer&Chichester(UK):Praxis Publishing,2014.
(4)Kay Atwood,Chaining Oregon:Surveying the Public Lands of the Pacific Northwest,1851-1855,Blacksburg:The McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company,2008.
(5)Joan Dawson,The Mapmaker's Eye:Nova Scotia through Early Maps,Halifax:Co-Publiched by Nimbus Publishing Limited and The Nova Scotia Museum,1988;Joan Dawson,The Mapmakers'Legacy:NineteenthCentury Nova Scotia through Maps,Halifax:Nimbus Publishing Ltd,2007。Joan Dawson是Lunenburg County Historical Society and the Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia的成员,是Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society的会员。她写过很多地图和地方史的文章,是Historic La Have River Valley的共同作者,并给Historical Atlas of the Maritime Provinces 1878一书写了导论。
(6)Tom Williamson and Andrew Macnair,William Faden and Norfolk's 18th-Century Landscape,Oxford:Windgather Press,2010.威廉·法登(1750-1836),是英国制图学家和出版商,参见维基百科https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Faden.
(1)Derek Hayes,Historical Atlas of Canada,Donglas and McIntyre(2013)LTD.2002 by Derek Hayes,First paperback edition 2006,Revised paperback edition 2015.
(2)Rural Images:The Estate Plan in the Old and New Worlds,A Cartographic Exhibit at the Newberry Library on the occasion of the ninth series of Kenneth Nebenzahl,Jr.,Lectures in the History of Cartography,Catalog prepared by David Buisseret.The Newberry Library,Chicago,1988.
(3)P.D.A.Harvey,Maps in Tudor England,Chicago:the University of Chicago Press,1993.主要章节如下:1A Cartographic Revolution,pp.6-25;2Maps and Fortifications,pp.26-41;3Maps and Gove。rnment,pp.42-65;4Maps and Towns,pp.66-77;5Maps and Landed Estates,pp.78-93;6Maps and Buildings,pp.94-101;7Maps and the Law,pp.102-116。
(4)Tomas Suárez,Early Mapping of Southeast Asia,Periplus Editions(HK)Ltd.1999.
(5)Manosi Lahiri,Mapping India,New Delhi,Niyougi Books,2012.共319页,铜版纸,宽大开本,接近两个16开.主要内容包括:Introduction(pp.1-32),India Takes Shape and Form(pp.33-70),The Mughal Empire(71-96),Early Plans and Sketches(97-128),Old Cities and Forts(pp.129-156),Surveys and Maps(pp.157-188),Wars and Acquisitions(pp.189-216),The Great Game and The Himalayas(pp.217-242),Mutiny and Famine,pp.243-266),General Maps and Atlases(pp.267-300).
(6)John Rennie Short,The World Though Maps:AHistory of Cartography,Toronto:Firefly Books Ltd.2003.
(7)Salvat Mexicana de Ediciones,Imagen de Mexico:Historia de la Ciudad de Mexico,S.A.DE C.V.,1984横4开.
(1)Donald P.Lemon,Theatre of Empire:Three Hundred Years of Maps of the Maritimes,Saint John:McMillan Press Ltd.,1987
(2)Jeremy Black,Maps and History:Constructing Images of the Past,New York and London,Yale University Press,1997
(3)Jeremy Black,Visions of the World:A History of Maps.London:Octopus Publishing Group Limited,2003
(4)Seymour I.Schwartz,This Land is Your Land:the Geographic Evolution of the United States,New York:Harry N.Abrams,Incorporated,2000.
(5)Vincent Virga,and Ray Jones,California:Mapping the Golden State through History:rare and unusual maps from the Library of Congress,2010,Morris Book Publishing,LLC.119。依据Vincent Virga的《前言》,这个系列包括所有50个州,到2010年加州这册出版的时候,德州和弗吉尼亚州的也出版了。(Texas:Mapping the Lone Star State through History,and Virginia:Mapping the Old Dominion State through History)。
(1)Elizabeth A.Sutton,Capitalism and Cartography in the Dutch Golden Age,Chicago and London:The University of Chicago Press,2015。该书作者伊丽莎白·A·萨顿,在著作出版时是北爱荷华大学(the University of Northern Iowa)艺术史助理教授.全书各章如下:Early Modern capitalism and Cartography 1;Theorizing capitalism Cartography 4;Chapter Outlines 18;Chapter two,Amsterdam Society and Maps 21;Chapter three,Capitalism and Cartography in Amsterdam 43;Chapter four,Profit and Possession in Brazil 73;Chapter Five,Marketing New Amsterdam 100;Chapter Six,Capitalism and Cartography Revisited 129-84.
(2)Christine Marie Petto,Mapping and Charting in Early Modern England and France:Power,Patronage,and Production,Lexington Books,2010.该书作者克里斯蒂娜·玛丽·佩托,1984年在波士顿大学获得天文学学士学位,1992年她在印第安纳大学(Indiana University,Bloomington)获得科学史硕士,1996年获得欧洲史博士学位。目前,她是南康涅狄格州立大学(Southern Connecticut State University)艺术与科学主任助理和早期近代欧洲史教授。她也是跨学科和交叉学科期刊《环境、空间与地方》(transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary journal,Environment,Space,Place)的合作编辑,该刊物极力展示那些“地理转向”(geographical turn)或者世界性现象中的空间问题的论著。她的研究方向主要是近代早期英国和法国地图制作,以及地图生产与政府权力之间的关系。其第一本专著是《法国,地图学之王》(When France was King of Cartography,Lexington Books,2007),定位了17、18世纪地图生产的角色与政府支持的关系。在讨论权力与制图关系之外,她还出版了地图史中女性问题方面的论文Cartographica 44,no.2(2009):“Playing the Feminine Card:Women of the Early Modern Map Trade,”并为即将出版的著名的《地图学史》第四卷写了“妇女与地图学”(Women and Cartography)的导论。她近期的研究项目包括:英格兰和法国的邮路地图,挣脱束缚的中世纪礼仪与地中海近代早期海盗和私人武装的地图之间的关系。
(3)全书章节:Introduction,xi;Abbreviations,xxii;1Cartographic imagery and representations of power,1;2 Mapping the Land:County and Regional Mapping in England and France,45;3Chart Making in England and France,and Charting the English Channel,79;4Paper Encroachments:Colonial Mapping Disputes in the Americas,123;5Charting the Seas of the East Indies:Commercial Opportunism versus Royal Approbation,161;Conclusion,195-202+附录。
(4)Stephen J.Hornsby,Surveyors of Empire:Samuel Holland,J.F.W.Des Barres,and the Making of the Atlantic Neptune,McGill-Queen's University Press,2011.全书章节如下:Chapter one,Surveyors at War II;Chapter two,Surveys,45;Chapter three,Surveying 87;Chapter four,Plans and Descriptions 119;Chapter five,Surveyors as Proprietors147;Chapter six,The Atlantic Neptune 163;Epilogue,Beyond the Surveys 199-212,另有3个附录。
(1)David Buisseret,Tools of Empire:Ships and Maps in the Process of Westward expansion,The Newberry Library,1986
(2)Raymond B.Craib,Cartographic Mexico:AHistory of State fixations and Fugitive Landscapes,Durban and London:Duke University Press,2004.属于Latin America Otherwise:Languages,Empire,Nations丛书系列。该丛书的编辑:Walter D.Mignolo,Irene Silverblatt,Sonia Sakldivar-Hull前两人是杜克大学的,后者是加州大学洛杉矶分校的。
(3)Norman Etherington,ed.,Mapping Colonial Conquest:Australia and Southern Africa,Western Australia:University of Western Australia Press,2007。
(4)David Buisseret,The mapmaker's quest:Depicting new worlds in renaissance Europe,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2003
(5)John Rennie Short,Making Space:revisioning the world,1475-1600,Syracuse:Syracuse University Press,2004
(1)Bernhard Klein,Maps and the writing of space in early modern England and Ireland,Palgrave,2001
(2)Dennis Reinhartz,The Art of the Map,an Illustrated History of Map elements and embellishments,New York,Sterling,2012
(3)Chet Van Duzer,Sea Monsters on Medieval and Renaissance Maps,The British Library,2013.该书新出版了中译本,王绍祥、张愉译:《海怪:中世纪与文艺复兴时期地图中的海洋异兽》,(北京)北京联合出版社,2018年。
(4)Will C.Van Den Hoonaard,Map Worlds:AHistory of Women in Cartography,Ontaria:Wilfrid Laurier University Press,2013.作者在《序言》中详细叙述了该书的起源,1993年在渥太华一个与测绘学无关的会议上遇到伊娃·西克尔斯卡博士(Dr.Eva Siekierska),在咖啡休息时间的讨论,伊娃·西克尔斯卡博士的热情激发了作者对于性别与测绘之间联系的兴趣,成为作者对该主题产生浓烈兴趣的开端。之后的4年,作者深入思考了它作为一项研究的意义,尤其是作者作为一个活跃的女性与男性平等的推动者时它作为一项研究的意义。在这4年中,作者试图理解地图作为被其创造者们构建出来的霸权工具,试图理解城市地图的模式,比如,它将妇女和儿童推入空白,通过在地图上忽视他们的集合,或者在第二层次上再现他们。到2003年,作者完成了《地图世界》的初稿。2008年,作者当选为加拿大测绘学协会测绘史研究组主席(Chair of the Historical Cartography Interest Group of the Canadian Cartographic Association)的时候,开始彻底重写该书。
(5)全书章节如下:1 Introduction:the strands through map worlds 1;2 who is a cartographer?15;3the thirteenth to seventeenth centuries 29;4 the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries(1666to 1850)45;5 cartography from the margins:from the early twentieth century to world war II 75;6mid-to latetwentieth-century pioneers and advancer in North America 93;7late-twentieth-century pioneers and advancers in Europe,Asia,and Latin America 139;8“getting there without aiming at it”:women’s experiences in becoming cartographers 169;9“we are good Ghosts!”:orientations and expectations of women cartographers 185;10 educational opportunities and obstacles 205;11the gendered social organization 217;12female pathways through the present-day map world241;13gender shifts 269-284.附录有详细的社会学访谈量表。
(1)Stitching the World:Embroidered Maps and Women’s Geographical Education,Surrey(England):Ashgate Publishing Limited,2015.全书章节如下:Introduction,1;2In the beginning was the sampler,21;3British Isles traditions,43;4Stitching a New Nation,67;5The world in Silk,89;6Needles and Pens,101-114。
(2)J.H.Andrew,Preface,for Maps in Those Days:Cartographic Methods Before 1850,Dublin 8:Four Courts Press,2009,xv-xvii.J.H.Andrew在序言中指出,“过去的45年来,地图史的专著和论文爆炸性增长”,并认为现在“地图史的文献增长得太快,以至于任何个人都难以消化”。David Buisseret,Preface,of The mapmaker’s quest:Depicting new worlds in renaissance Europe,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2003,xi.David Buisseret在序言中认为“过去20到30年之间,对地图学史感兴趣的学者数量突然增长,《国际指南》(Map Collector Publications LTD of Tring)中的学者人数从1992年的不到400人,到1998年增加到大约650人”。1990年代中期以后地图史迅猛发展的趋势显然大大超出了Malcolm Lewis为1994年版R.J.约翰斯顿主编的《人文地理学词典》撰写地图学史词条时候的估计,见Malcolm Lewis,“地图学史词条,R.J.约翰斯顿主编的《人文地理学词典》,第57-63页。
(1)本文源于2015.8-2016.8月加州大学伯克利分校(University of California,Berkeley)访学期间的阅读,以该校图书馆馆藏为主。在此,对合作导师戴梅可(Michael Nylan)教授、东亚图书馆何剑叶老师、该校各图书馆工作人员以及好友何忠教授夫妇等给予的帮助致以真诚地感谢。
(2)Helen Wallis,Preface,for Ronald vere Tooley,Tooley's dictionary of mapmakers,Tring,Hertfordshire,England:Map Collector Publictions Limited,1979(Meridian Publishing Company and Alan R.Liss,Inc.),xi-xii.
(3)该书1965年由G.Bell&Sons Ltd.出版公司初版。1970年再版。1979年第三版时换了出版社,书名改为:Old Maps and Globes:with a list of cartographers,engravers,publishers and printers concerned with printed maps and globes from c.1500to c.1850,London:Bell&Hyman Limited,1965(1970,1979).Helen Wallis为Tooley的词典写序言的时候还不可能看到79年的最新版。该书至今仍然很有参考价值。
(1)Ronald vere Tooley,Tooley's dictionary of mapmakers,Tring,Hertfordshire,England:Map Collector Publictions Limited,1979(Meridian Publishing Company and Alan R.Liss,Inc.),foreword.
(2)Ronald vere Tooley,Maps and Map-Makers,New York:Dorest Press,1987 seventh edition,reprinted1990.
(1)Preface,by George Kish,in Tony Campbell,The Earlist Printed Maps,1420-1500,Berkeley:Uniersity Of California Press,1987,ppvii.
(2)个人所见到的是其中的第5版与第6版。Lorraine Dubreuil,Directory of Canadian Map Collections,1986(5th edition),Association of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives.Tim Ross,Directory of Canadian Map Collections,1992(6th edition),Association of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives。第5、6两版略有不同,正文都是英法双语,体例基本一致,但是在具体收藏单位,收藏情况上往往有调整。类似书目还有Gilles Langelier,National Map Collection,Minister of Supply and Services Canada,1985.
(3)David A.Cobb,(compile),Guide to U.S.Map Resources(second edition),the American Library Association,(1986)1990.
(4)Jeffrey A.Kroessler,A Guide to Historical Map Resources for Greater New York,Chicago:Speculum Orbis Press,1988.
(5)Manuscript and Annotated Maps,in the American Geographical Society Library:A Cartobibliography,Complied by Jovanka Ristic with the assistance of Scott R.McEathron,2010,Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.
(1)James C.Martin,and Roleet Sidney Martin,ed.,Maps of Texas and the Southwest,1513-1900,University of New Mexico Press,1984.
(2)引自Complied and edited by David C.Jolly,Antique Maps,Sea Charts,City Views,Celestial Charts&Battle Plans,Price Guide and Collectors’Handbook for 1983,pp.15.该书是地图交易目录,它是仿照邮票收藏的交易目录编制的连续出版物,所见为1983-1989年之间的7册,此后版权几经转手,据传现在由地图交易网站出版网络版。
(1)上述专著与评论转引自P.D.A.Harvey,Mapsin Tudor England,Chicago:the University of Chicago Press,1993,pp117.实际上英文学术界到20世纪60年代的地图史研究论著数量已经相当丰富,思想与方法而言取向多元化,但是由于没有找到合适的西文地图史研究论著目录,而利用相关专著的参考文献整理出一份较好的论著目录是一项费时费力的工作,暂时个人力量还无法做到,因此目前我还无法对1960、70年代以前的西方地图史研究做深入全面的概括,这是略微遗憾的地方。
(2)据George Kish的《前言》,Marcel Destombes’s Catalogue des cartes gravéesau XV esiècle是国际地理学联合会(International Geogra phical Union)出版的早期印刷地图的目录。
(1)利用书目,可以找到不少这样的论著,如A.H.Robinson&B.B.Petchenik,The nature of maps:essays toward understanding maps and mapping,University of Chicago Press,Chicago,1976;P.D.A.Harvey,The history of topographical maps:symbols,pictures and surveys,Thames&Hudson,London,1980;A.G.Hodgkiss,Understanding maps:a Systematic history of their use and development,Dawson,Folkstone,Kent,1981;J.S.Keates,Understanding maps,Longman,London,1982.引自David Turnbull,Maps are Territories:science is an atlas:a Portfolio of exhibits,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1993(Originally published:Geelong,Vic.:Deakin University,1989)书后的参考书目。
(2)哈利1932年出生于英国的Bristol,1943-1950年在斯坦福德郡(Staffordshire)布鲁德文法学校(Brewood Grammar School)读中学,之后服兵役。1952年在伯明翰大学(Birmingham University)谋得一个职位。1956年从牛津大学获得教育学文凭(Dip Ed)之后,回到伯明翰。1960年在伯明翰以沃里克郡(Warwickshire)历史地理的论文获得博士学位(1985年伯明翰大学因其突出的成就授予其文学博士的荣誉)。从1958-1969年在利物浦大学(Liverpool University)任历史地理学助理讲师、讲师,在此期间转向地图史研究。1970-1986年在埃克赛特大学(University of Exeter)担任讲师、蒙特费埃里教授(Montefiore Reader),1986年到美国威斯康辛大学密尔沃基分校(University of Wisconsin,Milwaukee)任教,与同事David Woodward发起编撰多卷本《地图学史》(History of Cartography),1991年突发心脏病去世。按,本文关于J.B.Harley的生平参考了在1969年接替他担任利物浦大学历史地理学讲师职位的Paul Laxton撰写的简介和维基百科词条。J.B.Harley,The New Nature of Maps:Essays in the history of cartography,edited by Paul Laxton,Baltimore and London:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2002.这个生平简介与维基百科上的词条有冲突,在两者冲突且无法考证的地方以Paul Laxton的描述为准。
(3)Paul Laxton,Preface,in J.B.Harley,The New Nature of Maps:Essays in the history of cartography,edited by Paul Laxton,Baltimore and London:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2002.pp.x.本部分凡是没有注明的,都来自Paul Laxton编的哈利的论文集。
(1)哈利与大卫·伍德沃德主持的地图学史项目是一个庞大的工程,在他生前出版了第1卷《史前时期、古代和中世纪欧洲与地中海地区的地图学史》(Cartography in Prehistoric,Ancient,and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean,Vol.1 of The History of Cartography.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1987.600pages+40color plates+240黑白图片)。他去世后,David Woodward继续该项目,仍以两人编辑的名义于1992年出版了第2卷第1分册《传统伊斯兰和南亚社会的地图学史》(Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies,vol.2.1,580pages+4color plates+355黑白图片),1994年出版了第2卷第2分册《传统东亚和东南亚社会的地图学史》(Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies,vol.2.2,970pages+40color plates+503黑白图片)。1998年David Woodward与G.Malcolm Lewis编辑出版了第2卷第3分册《传统非洲、美洲、北极、澳洲和太平洋社会的地图学史》(Cartography in the Traditional African,American,Arctic,Australian,and Pacific Societies,vol.2.3,639pages+24color plates+459黑白图片)。David Woodward主持了第3卷《欧洲文艺复兴时期的地图学》(Cartography in the European Renaissance,vol.3,2007,2180pages+80color plates+965黑白图片),但不幸的是他于2004去世,该书2007年才正式出版。目前由著名地图学家Mark Monmonier主编的第6卷《20世纪地图学》(Cartography in the Twentieth Century,Part1,Part2)已经于2015年正式出版。Matthew Edney and Mary Sponberg Pedley主编的第4卷《欧洲文艺复兴时期的地图学》(Cartography in the European Enlightenment),以及Roger Kain主编的第5卷《19世纪的地图学》(Cartography in the Nineteenth Century)即将出版。第1、2、3卷,第6卷在地图学史的项目组的网站上有电子版可以申请购买。
(2)J.B.Harley,The New Nature of Maps:Essays in the history of cartography,edited by Paul Laxton,Baltimore and London:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2002.收录的论文有些是在Harley去世后发表的。
(1)John Andrews,introduction,J.B.Harley,The New Nature of Maps:Essays in the history of cartography,edited by Paul Laxton,Baltimore and London:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2002.pp.1-32.John Andrews是Harley早期的同事,两人保持了长期的友谊,但是从1980年代Harley开始地图史哲学阐释以后,Harley逐渐较少看他的研究,而John Andrews则开始对Harley的研究展开了批评。这篇导论中就对Harley做了系统的批评,但总体上是客观的,而不是颂扬。
(2)Christine Marie Petto在其专著《近代早期法国和英格兰的地图绘制与海图绘制:权力、赞助与生产》的《导论》中认为即使在Harley逝世20多年后,所有研究地图、海图和地图集在欧洲历史上的角色的历史学家都必须向他的著作致敬。Christine Marie Petto,Introduction,of Mapping and Charting in Early Modern England and France:Power,Patronage,and Production,Lexington Books,xi-xxii。
(3)David Wade Chambers,Preface,David Turnbull,Maps are Territories:science is an atlas:a Portfolio of exhibits,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1993,Originally published:Geelong,Vic.:Deakin University,1989.
(1)The Sovereign map:theoretical approaches in cartography throughout history,translated by Tom Conley,Chicago&London:The University of Chicago Press,2006.
(2)Christian Jacob,Preface to the English-language edition,translated by Tom Conley,edited by Edward H.Dahl,The Sovereign map:theoretical approaches in cartography throughout history,Chicago&London:The University of Chicago Press,2006,xiii.
(3)David Buisseret认为1980年代以来地图史研究的转向有三个方面有特别的意义:第一,地图的定义更为广义也更为准确。第二,将地图放到其所在的社会和经济框架中的尝试长期持续;第三,学者成功地表明了绘制地图的冲动似乎在人类社会中普遍存在。David Buisseret,Preface,of The mapmaker’s quest:Depicting new worlds in renaissance Europe,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2003,xi
(1)Richard J.A.Talbert,and Richard W.Unger,ed.,Cartography in Antiquity and the Middle Ages:Fresh Perspectives,New Methods,Leiden·Boston:Koninkligke Brill NV,2008
(2)该论文集所收录论文如下:Richard Talbert,Greek and Roman Mapping:Twenty-First Century Perspectives,9-28;Patrick Cautier Dalche,L'Heritage Antique de la Cartographie Medievale:Les Problemes et les Acquis,29-66;Jennifer Trimble,Process and Transformation on the Severan Marble Plan of Rome,67-98;Tom Elliott,Constructing a Digital Edition for the Peutinger Map,99-110;Emily Albu,Rethinking the Peutinger Map,111-120;Yossef Rapoport and Emilie Savage-Smith,The Book of Curiosities and a Unique Map of the World,121-138;Maja Kominko,New Perspectives on Paradise-The Levels of Reality in Byzantine and Latin Medieval Maps,139-154;Benjamin Z.Kedar,Rashi's Map of the Land of Canaan,ca.1100,and Its Cartographic Background,155-168;Natalia Lozovsky,Maps and Panegyrics:Roman GeoEthnographical Rhetoric in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages,169-188;Lucy E.G.Donkin,"Usque ad Ultimum Terrae":Mapping the Ends of the Earth in Two Medieval Floor Mosaics,189-218;Evelyn Edson,Maps in Context:Isidore,Orosius,and the Medieval Image of the World,219-236;Raymond Clemens,Medieval Maps in a Renaissance Context:Gregorio Dati and the Teaching of Geography in Fifteenth-Century Florence,237-256;Camille Serchuk,Cartes et Chroniques:Mapping and History in Late Medieval France,257-276.
(3)马克·蒙末尼尔著、黄义军译:《会说谎的地图》,(北京)商务印书馆,2012年。该书英文名How to Lie with Maps,1972年,芝加哥大学出版社出版,1996、1999分别再版,中译本1996年译出。
(4)丹尼斯·伍德著、王志弘译:《地图的力量---使过去与未来现形》,(北京)中国社会科学出版社,2000年。该书虽然带有通俗性质,但影响很大。
(5)Karen Piper,Cartographic Fictions:Maps,Race,and Identity,New Brunswick,New Jersey,and London:Rutgers University Press,2002
(6)Arthur Jay Klinghoffer,The Power of Projections:How Maps Reflect Global Politics and History,Westport:Praeger Publishers,2006.作者Arthur Jay Klinghoffer(1941-)是Rutgers University(in Camden,New Jersey)的政治学教授,关注的主题广泛,包括人权、种族灭绝、苏联社会主义、南非种族隔离(South African apartheid)以及石油与金元政治.
(7)Robert W.Karrow,Jr.,Mapmakers of the sixteenth century and their maps,bio-bibliographies of the cartographers of Abraham Ortelius,1570,based on Leo Bagrow's A.Ortelii Catalogus Cartographorum,Chicago:Speculum Orbis Press,1993,846pages.
(1)亚布拉罕·奥特留斯(Abraham Ortelius,1527.4.14-1598.6.28),尼德兰(Netherl andish)地图学家、地理学家,被认为是第一部现代地图集《世界舞台》(the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum)的作者,他是尼德兰测绘学院(Nether land ishschoolin Cartography,它的黄金时期是16-17世纪)的创始人之一,他同时也被认为是第一个提出现在的大陆在漂移之前是一个整体的观点的人。详细的介绍依据维基百科词条。
(2)Gaetano Ferro,Translated into English by Hann Heck and Lucian F.Farina,The Genoese Cartographic Tradition and Christopher Columbus,Roma:Istituto poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato,Libreria dello Stato,1997,c1996.
(3)Mine Esiner Ozen,Pir7 Reis and His Charts,with Nestern Refioglu,translated,&ed.,Pir7Reis and His Charts,Istanbul,N.Refioglu Publications,1998.
(4)Gregory C.McIntosh,The Piri Reis Map of1513,Athens:University of Geogria Press,2000.
(5)Guillaume Monsaingeon,Les Voyages De Vauban,ditions Parenthèses,2007.
(6)Christopher M.Klein,Maps in EighteenthCentury British Magazines A Checklist,The Newberry Library,1989
(7)David Bosse,Civil War Newspaper Maps,Baltimore&London:The John Hopkins University Press,1993.
(1)John Winearls,ed.,Editing early and historical atlas,Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1995。各篇论文如下:1James R.Akerman,From books with maps to books as maps:the editor in the creation of the Atlas Idea,3-48;2 Walter A.Goffart,Breaking the ortelian pattern:historical atlases with a new program,1747-1830,49-82;3 Mary Sponberg Pedley,'Commode,complet,uniforme,et suivi':problems in atlas editing in Enlightenment France,83-108;4Anne Godlewska,Jomard:the geographic imagination and the first Great Facsimile Atlases,109-136;5 William G.Dean,Atlas structures and their influence on editorial decisions:two recent case histories,137-162;6 R.Cole Harris,Maps as a morality play:Volume I of the Historical Atlas of Canada,163-180;7 Deryck W.Holdsworth,The politics of editing a national historical atlas:A commentary,181-196。
(2)Richard J.A.Talbert,Rome's World:the Peutinger Map Reconsidered,New York:Cambridge University Press,2010.
(3)Evelyn Edson,The Word Map,1300-1492:The Persistence of Tradition and Transformation,Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press,2007.
(4)J.H.Andrew,Maps in Those Days:Cartographic Methods Before 1850,Dublin 8:Four Courts Press,2009.
(5)Richard J.A.Talbert,ed.,Ancient Perspectives:Maps and Their Place in Mesopotamia,Egypt,Greece&Rome,Chicago and London:The Univeristy of Chicago Presss,2012.
(1)coordinador,Jesús Varela Marcos;autores,Juan Vernet…[et al.].El Tratado de Tordesillas en la cartografía histórica/[Valladolid]:Junta de Castilla y León:V Centenario Tratado de Tordesillas,[1994].
(2)Alexei V.Postnikov,The Mapping of Russian American:A History of Russian-American contacts in Cartography,University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee,1995,American Geographical Society Collection Special Publication No.4.
(3)Robert Clancy,John Manning,and Henk Brolsma,Mapping Antarctica,a five hundred year record of discovery,Springer&Chichester(UK):Praxis Publishing,2014.
(4)Kay Atwood,Chaining Oregon:Surveying the Public Lands of the Pacific Northwest,1851-1855,Blacksburg:The McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company,2008.
(5)Joan Dawson,The Mapmaker's Eye:Nova Scotia through Early Maps,Halifax:Co-Publiched by Nimbus Publishing Limited and The Nova Scotia Museum,1988;Joan Dawson,The Mapmakers'Legacy:NineteenthCentury Nova Scotia through Maps,Halifax:Nimbus Publishing Ltd,2007。Joan Dawson是Lunenburg County Historical Society and the Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia的成员,是Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society的会员。她写过很多地图和地方史的文章,是Historic La Have River Valley的共同作者,并给Historical Atlas of the Maritime Provinces 1878一书写了导论。
(6)Tom Williamson and Andrew Macnair,William Faden and Norfolk's 18th-Century Landscape,Oxford:Windgather Press,2010.威廉·法登(1750-1836),是英国制图学家和出版商,参见维基百科https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Faden.
(1)Derek Hayes,Historical Atlas of Canada,Donglas and McIntyre(2013)LTD.2002 by Derek Hayes,First paperback edition 2006,Revised paperback edition 2015.
(2)Rural Images:The Estate Plan in the Old and New Worlds,A Cartographic Exhibit at the Newberry Library on the occasion of the ninth series of Kenneth Nebenzahl,Jr.,Lectures in the History of Cartography,Catalog prepared by David Buisseret.The Newberry Library,Chicago,1988.
(3)P.D.A.Harvey,Maps in Tudor England,Chicago:the University of Chicago Press,1993.主要章节如下:1A Cartographic Revolution,pp.6-25;2Maps and Fortifications,pp.26-41;3Maps and Gove。rnment,pp.42-65;4Maps and Towns,pp.66-77;5Maps and Landed Estates,pp.78-93;6Maps and Buildings,pp.94-101;7Maps and the Law,pp.102-116。
(4)Tomas Suárez,Early Mapping of Southeast Asia,Periplus Editions(HK)Ltd.1999.
(5)Manosi Lahiri,Mapping India,New Delhi,Niyougi Books,2012.共319页,铜版纸,宽大开本,接近两个16开.主要内容包括:Introduction(pp.1-32),India Takes Shape and Form(pp.33-70),The Mughal Empire(71-96),Early Plans and Sketches(97-128),Old Cities and Forts(pp.129-156),Surveys and Maps(pp.157-188),Wars and Acquisitions(pp.189-216),The Great Game and The Himalayas(pp.217-242),Mutiny and Famine,pp.243-266),General Maps and Atlases(pp.267-300).
(6)John Rennie Short,The World Though Maps:AHistory of Cartography,Toronto:Firefly Books Ltd.2003.
(7)Salvat Mexicana de Ediciones,Imagen de Mexico:Historia de la Ciudad de Mexico,S.A.DE C.V.,1984横4开.
(1)Donald P.Lemon,Theatre of Empire:Three Hundred Years of Maps of the Maritimes,Saint John:McMillan Press Ltd.,1987
(2)Jeremy Black,Maps and History:Constructing Images of the Past,New York and London,Yale University Press,1997
(3)Jeremy Black,Visions of the World:A History of Maps.London:Octopus Publishing Group Limited,2003
(4)Seymour I.Schwartz,This Land is Your Land:the Geographic Evolution of the United States,New York:Harry N.Abrams,Incorporated,2000.
(5)Vincent Virga,and Ray Jones,California:Mapping the Golden State through History:rare and unusual maps from the Library of Congress,2010,Morris Book Publishing,LLC.119。依据Vincent Virga的《前言》,这个系列包括所有50个州,到2010年加州这册出版的时候,德州和弗吉尼亚州的也出版了。(Texas:Mapping the Lone Star State through History,and Virginia:Mapping the Old Dominion State through History)。
(1)Elizabeth A.Sutton,Capitalism and Cartography in the Dutch Golden Age,Chicago and London:The University of Chicago Press,2015。该书作者伊丽莎白·A·萨顿,在著作出版时是北爱荷华大学(the University of Northern Iowa)艺术史助理教授.全书各章如下:Early Modern capitalism and Cartography 1;Theorizing capitalism Cartography 4;Chapter Outlines 18;Chapter two,Amsterdam Society and Maps 21;Chapter three,Capitalism and Cartography in Amsterdam 43;Chapter four,Profit and Possession in Brazil 73;Chapter Five,Marketing New Amsterdam 100;Chapter Six,Capitalism and Cartography Revisited 129-84.
(2)Christine Marie Petto,Mapping and Charting in Early Modern England and France:Power,Patronage,and Production,Lexington Books,2010.该书作者克里斯蒂娜·玛丽·佩托,1984年在波士顿大学获得天文学学士学位,1992年她在印第安纳大学(Indiana University,Bloomington)获得科学史硕士,1996年获得欧洲史博士学位。目前,她是南康涅狄格州立大学(Southern Connecticut State University)艺术与科学主任助理和早期近代欧洲史教授。她也是跨学科和交叉学科期刊《环境、空间与地方》(transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary journal,Environment,Space,Place)的合作编辑,该刊物极力展示那些“地理转向”(geographical turn)或者世界性现象中的空间问题的论著。她的研究方向主要是近代早期英国和法国地图制作,以及地图生产与政府权力之间的关系。其第一本专著是《法国,地图学之王》(When France was King of Cartography,Lexington Books,2007),定位了17、18世纪地图生产的角色与政府支持的关系。在讨论权力与制图关系之外,她还出版了地图史中女性问题方面的论文Cartographica 44,no.2(2009):“Playing the Feminine Card:Women of the Early Modern Map Trade,”并为即将出版的著名的《地图学史》第四卷写了“妇女与地图学”(Women and Cartography)的导论。她近期的研究项目包括:英格兰和法国的邮路地图,挣脱束缚的中世纪礼仪与地中海近代早期海盗和私人武装的地图之间的关系。
(3)全书章节:Introduction,xi;Abbreviations,xxii;1Cartographic imagery and representations of power,1;2 Mapping the Land:County and Regional Mapping in England and France,45;3Chart Making in England and France,and Charting the English Channel,79;4Paper Encroachments:Colonial Mapping Disputes in the Americas,123;5Charting the Seas of the East Indies:Commercial Opportunism versus Royal Approbation,161;Conclusion,195-202+附录。
(4)Stephen J.Hornsby,Surveyors of Empire:Samuel Holland,J.F.W.Des Barres,and the Making of the Atlantic Neptune,McGill-Queen's University Press,2011.全书章节如下:Chapter one,Surveyors at War II;Chapter two,Surveys,45;Chapter three,Surveying 87;Chapter four,Plans and Descriptions 119;Chapter five,Surveyors as Proprietors147;Chapter six,The Atlantic Neptune 163;Epilogue,Beyond the Surveys 199-212,另有3个附录。
(1)David Buisseret,Tools of Empire:Ships and Maps in the Process of Westward expansion,The Newberry Library,1986
(2)Raymond B.Craib,Cartographic Mexico:AHistory of State fixations and Fugitive Landscapes,Durban and London:Duke University Press,2004.属于Latin America Otherwise:Languages,Empire,Nations丛书系列。该丛书的编辑:Walter D.Mignolo,Irene Silverblatt,Sonia Sakldivar-Hull前两人是杜克大学的,后者是加州大学洛杉矶分校的。
(3)Norman Etherington,ed.,Mapping Colonial Conquest:Australia and Southern Africa,Western Australia:University of Western Australia Press,2007。
(4)David Buisseret,The mapmaker's quest:Depicting new worlds in renaissance Europe,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2003
(5)John Rennie Short,Making Space:revisioning the world,1475-1600,Syracuse:Syracuse University Press,2004
(1)Bernhard Klein,Maps and the writing of space in early modern England and Ireland,Palgrave,2001
(2)Dennis Reinhartz,The Art of the Map,an Illustrated History of Map elements and embellishments,New York,Sterling,2012
(3)Chet Van Duzer,Sea Monsters on Medieval and Renaissance Maps,The British Library,2013.该书新出版了中译本,王绍祥、张愉译:《海怪:中世纪与文艺复兴时期地图中的海洋异兽》,(北京)北京联合出版社,2018年。
(4)Will C.Van Den Hoonaard,Map Worlds:AHistory of Women in Cartography,Ontaria:Wilfrid Laurier University Press,2013.作者在《序言》中详细叙述了该书的起源,1993年在渥太华一个与测绘学无关的会议上遇到伊娃·西克尔斯卡博士(Dr.Eva Siekierska),在咖啡休息时间的讨论,伊娃·西克尔斯卡博士的热情激发了作者对于性别与测绘之间联系的兴趣,成为作者对该主题产生浓烈兴趣的开端。之后的4年,作者深入思考了它作为一项研究的意义,尤其是作者作为一个活跃的女性与男性平等的推动者时它作为一项研究的意义。在这4年中,作者试图理解地图作为被其创造者们构建出来的霸权工具,试图理解城市地图的模式,比如,它将妇女和儿童推入空白,通过在地图上忽视他们的集合,或者在第二层次上再现他们。到2003年,作者完成了《地图世界》的初稿。2008年,作者当选为加拿大测绘学协会测绘史研究组主席(Chair of the Historical Cartography Interest Group of the Canadian Cartographic Association)的时候,开始彻底重写该书。
(5)全书章节如下:1 Introduction:the strands through map worlds 1;2 who is a cartographer?15;3the thirteenth to seventeenth centuries 29;4 the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries(1666to 1850)45;5 cartography from the margins:from the early twentieth century to world war II 75;6mid-to latetwentieth-century pioneers and advancer in North America 93;7late-twentieth-century pioneers and advancers in Europe,Asia,and Latin America 139;8“getting there without aiming at it”:women’s experiences in becoming cartographers 169;9“we are good Ghosts!”:orientations and expectations of women cartographers 185;10 educational opportunities and obstacles 205;11the gendered social organization 217;12female pathways through the present-day map world241;13gender shifts 269-284.附录有详细的社会学访谈量表。
(1)Stitching the World:Embroidered Maps and Women’s Geographical Education,Surrey(England):Ashgate Publishing Limited,2015.全书章节如下:Introduction,1;2In the beginning was the sampler,21;3British Isles traditions,43;4Stitching a New Nation,67;5The world in Silk,89;6Needles and Pens,101-114。