《中国分省医籍考·山东省》中医家、医籍及其时代地域分布研究
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摘要
郭霭春教授主持编写的《中国分省医籍考》是一部很有特点的中医工具书,它另辟新路,利用地方志来讨搜医事,开分省著录之先河。通过对其中山东省所著录医家的生平以及医籍著作进行时代地域分布的研究,发现清代以前(包括清代)共收集到山东医家349人,医籍581种。山东各个朝代医家、医籍地域分布不均衡。其中先秦两汉时期仅有济南、淄博在地方志中有关于医家、医籍的记载,即扁鹊、淳于意、公乘阳庆等名医;魏晋南北朝,特殊的社会历史背景,使医学思想活跃,但是像徐熙家族等中医世家的南迁,令北方医学发展受到限制。宋金元时统治阶级对医学的重视支持,大批的医学人才涌现,像"儿科圣手"钱乙、注释《伤寒论》第一人的成无己。明清时期山东医家、医籍分别占总数的91%与87%,医家、医籍涉及到地级市有16个,其中以潍坊为多。通过梳理地区医学派衍,了解医家生平著作,借鉴医籍医术经验,不仅有助于拓展对中医文化理解的视野,也有利于促进山东中医学术事业的发展。
Investigations of Chinese Medical Works in Different Provinces written by professor GUO Aichun is a very characteristic traditional Chinese medical tool. It breaks a new path to make medical searches through local chronicles which is also the first book to record according to different provinces. By studying the description of physicians' life and medical works in Shandong province,the time and geographical distributions before the Qing Dynasty(including the Qing Dynasty),there are total 349 physicians in Shandong province and 581 kinds of medical works. The geographical distributions of physicians and medical works in different dynasties in Shandong province were unbalanced. During the Pre-Qin and Han dynasties,only Jinan and Zibo had records about physicians and medical works in local chronicles,namely,Bianque,CHUNYU Yi,Gongcheng Yangqing and other famous doctors. In the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,special social and historical backgrounds made medical thoughts active. But the southern migration of traditional Chinese medicine families such as the XU Xi family limited the development of northern medicine. During the Song,Jin and Yuan. Dynasties,the ruling class paid attention to and supported medicine,and a large number of medical talents emerged,such as "Pediatric Master" QIAN Yi,the first person to annotate Treatise on Cold Damage,CHENG Wuji. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,physicians and medical works accounted for91% and 87% respectively. The physicians and medical works came from 16 different cities,the most from Weifang. By combing the regional medical derivatives,understanding the physicians' life and works,and learning from the medical experience,it not only helps us to broaden the understanding of Chinese traditional medicine culture but also promotes the development of traditional Chinese medicine in Shandong.
Investigations of Chinese Medical Works in Different Provinces written by professor GUO Aichun is a very characteristic traditional Chinese medical tool. It breaks a new path to make medical searches through local chronicles which is also the first book to record according to different provinces. By studying the description of physicians' life and medical works in Shandong province,the time and geographical distributions before the Qing Dynasty(including the Qing Dynasty),there are total 349 physicians in Shandong province and 581 kinds of medical works. The geographical distributions of physicians and medical works in different dynasties in Shandong province were unbalanced. During the Pre-Qin and Han dynasties,only Jinan and Zibo had records about physicians and medical works in local chronicles,namely,Bianque,CHUNYU Yi,Gongcheng Yangqing and other famous doctors. In the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,special social and historical backgrounds made medical thoughts active. But the southern migration of traditional Chinese medicine families such as the XU Xi family limited the development of northern medicine. During the Song,Jin and Yuan. Dynasties,the ruling class paid attention to and supported medicine,and a large number of medical talents emerged,such as "Pediatric Master" QIAN Yi,the first person to annotate Treatise on Cold Damage,CHENG Wuji. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,physicians and medical works accounted for91% and 87% respectively. The physicians and medical works came from 16 different cities,the most from Weifang. By combing the regional medical derivatives,understanding the physicians' life and works,and learning from the medical experience,it not only helps us to broaden the understanding of Chinese traditional medicine culture but also promotes the development of traditional Chinese medicine in Shandong.
引文
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[2]司马迁.史记[M].北京:中华书局,1994:3316.
[3]万绳楠.陈寅恪魏晋南北朝史讲演录[M].合肥:黄山书社,1987:77-78.
[4]谢观.中国医学源流论[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,2003:33.
[5]张奇文.山东中医药志[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1991:69.