山东省6～18岁儿童青少年视力不良地域分布研究
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摘要
目的分析山东省儿童青少年视力低下的地域分布特征,为开展视力低下防控工作提供科学依据。方法样本来源于2015年山东省体检数据,共纳入939万名6～18岁儿童青少年。获取左右眼视力等数据,利用Arc GIS 9.3软件呈现山东省6～18岁儿童青少年视力不良空间分布图,描述其地区分布特征。结果 2015年山东省6～18岁儿童青少年总体视力不良率为38.7%,轻度、中度、重度视力不良率分别为7.5%、14.2%和17.1%。其中城市视力不良率高于乡村(47.9%vs.33.3%),女生视力不良率高于男生(42.3%vs.35.7%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2015年山东省儿童青少年总体及中、重度视力不良空间分布表现为山东中部及东北沿海地区检出率较高,男女生视力不良也呈现类似分布。轻度视力不良呈零散分布。结论山东省6～18岁儿童青少年视力低下空间分布存在显著差异,提示有关部门制订相关政策时考虑地区因素,采取针对性干预措施。
Objective To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of poor vision in children and adolescents in Shandong province,in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of poor vision. Methods Data were from the database of physical examination of 9.39 million children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years in Shandong province in 2015.The data of left and right eye vision were acquired,and Arc GIS 9.3 software was used to present the spatial distribution of poor vision of 6 to 18-year-old children and adolescents in Shandong province,and their regional distribution characteristics were described. Results The total poor vision rate among children aged 6 to 18 in Shandong province was38.7%in 2015,and the rates of mildly,moderately and severely poor vision were 7.5%,14.2% and 17.1%,respectively.The rate of poor vision in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas(47.9%vs.33.3%),and it was higher in girls than boys(42.3% vs.35.7%)(P<0.05).The rate of poor vision in central and northeastern areas of Shandong province was higher,so were the distribution of poor vision in boys and girls.And mildly poor vision showed scattering distribution. Conclusions There are obvious spatial differences on the distribution of poor vision among children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years in Shandong province.Thus spatial ingredients should be considered when the local departments make relevant strategies.
Objective To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of poor vision in children and adolescents in Shandong province,in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of poor vision. Methods Data were from the database of physical examination of 9.39 million children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years in Shandong province in 2015.The data of left and right eye vision were acquired,and Arc GIS 9.3 software was used to present the spatial distribution of poor vision of 6 to 18-year-old children and adolescents in Shandong province,and their regional distribution characteristics were described. Results The total poor vision rate among children aged 6 to 18 in Shandong province was38.7%in 2015,and the rates of mildly,moderately and severely poor vision were 7.5%,14.2% and 17.1%,respectively.The rate of poor vision in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas(47.9%vs.33.3%),and it was higher in girls than boys(42.3% vs.35.7%)(P<0.05).The rate of poor vision in central and northeastern areas of Shandong province was higher,so were the distribution of poor vision in boys and girls.And mildly poor vision showed scattering distribution. Conclusions There are obvious spatial differences on the distribution of poor vision among children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years in Shandong province.Thus spatial ingredients should be considered when the local departments make relevant strategies.
引文
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[15] Pan CW,Wu RK,Liu H,et al.Types of lamp for homework and myopia among chinese school-aged children[J].Ophthalmic Epidemiol,2018,25(3):250-256.
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[17]杜丹丹,许文龙,徐婷,等.武汉市92所视力健康管理的中小学校学生视力低下状况动态监测[J].华中科技大学学报:医学版,2017,46(4):480-483.
[18]华文娟,伍晓艳,许韶君,等.我国中部6省城市中小学生疑似近视患病率与纬度分布[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(11):1299-1301.
[19] Cui DM,Trier K,Ribel-Madsen SM.Effect of day length on eye growth,myopia progression,and change of corneal power in myopic children[J].Ophthalmology,2013,120(5):1074-1079.
[20]陈红,胡炜,张珍珠,等.改善儿童视力低下的中医适宜技术推广模式研究[J].中华中医药杂志,2015,30(9):3301-3304.
[21]王燕,刘玮,苏俊海,等.兰州与合肥市中小学生2014年视力不良及影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(1):72-75,79.
[2] 2014年全国学生体质健康调研结果[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(12):4.
[3]覃忠书,覃彦香,韦琳,等.柳州市2010-2013年中小学生视力不良情况分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2015,19(6):567-570.
[4]中国学生体质与健康研究组.2005年中国学生体质与健康调研报告[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:14-31.
[5]叶国昌.视力低下的分度标准[J].中国学校卫生,2001,22(6):488.
[6] Chen J,Yang ST,Li HW,et al.Research on geographical environment unit division based on the method of natural breaks(Jenks)[J].ISPRS Archives,2013,XL-4/W3:47-50.
[7]罗春燕,周月芳,杨东玲,等.2011-2015学年上海市中小学生视力低下监测分析[J].首都公共卫生,2017,11(3):106-108.
[8]孙敏,张玉洁,谭书贞,等.济宁市2015年中小学生视力低下影响因素分析[J].中国初级卫生保健,2017,31(6):67-69.
[9] Yi HM,Zhang LX,Ma XC,et al.Poor vision among China′s rural primary school students:prevalence,correlates and consequences[J].China Econ Rev,2015,33:247-262.
[10]易红梅,张林秀,白钰,等.西部农村小学生视力不良影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(4):474-477.
[11]郭雷,董光辉,韩屹,等.沈阳市和平区中小学生视力不良状况及近视危险因素分析[J].中国医科大学学报,2016,45(2):110-115.
[12]许凤鸣,娄晓民,吴翠平,等.河南省2014年中小学生视力不良现状及影响因素分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2017,21(9):879-883,887.
[13]欧玉仑,邝国平,周小平,等.郴州市城区中小学学生视力低下影响因素分析[J].国际眼科杂志,2016,16(2):331-334.
[14]宋逸,胡佩瑾,董彦会,等.2014年全国各省、自治区、直辖市汉族学生视力不良现况分析[J].北京大学学报:医学版,2017,49(3):433-438.
[15] Pan CW,Wu RK,Liu H,et al.Types of lamp for homework and myopia among chinese school-aged children[J].Ophthalmic Epidemiol,2018,25(3):250-256.
[16]山东省统计局.山东统计年鉴-2016[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016:21.
[17]杜丹丹,许文龙,徐婷,等.武汉市92所视力健康管理的中小学校学生视力低下状况动态监测[J].华中科技大学学报:医学版,2017,46(4):480-483.
[18]华文娟,伍晓艳,许韶君,等.我国中部6省城市中小学生疑似近视患病率与纬度分布[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(11):1299-1301.
[19] Cui DM,Trier K,Ribel-Madsen SM.Effect of day length on eye growth,myopia progression,and change of corneal power in myopic children[J].Ophthalmology,2013,120(5):1074-1079.
[20]陈红,胡炜,张珍珠,等.改善儿童视力低下的中医适宜技术推广模式研究[J].中华中医药杂志,2015,30(9):3301-3304.
[21]王燕,刘玮,苏俊海,等.兰州与合肥市中小学生2014年视力不良及影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(1):72-75,79.