基于平面应变统一强度公式的结构性黄土填料挡墙地震被动土压力研究
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摘要
基于结构性黄土不同含水率方形试样的三轴剪切试验,研究了非饱和黄土的残余强度效应和构度与强度参数的关系,引入两种效应修正了平面应变统一强度公式,分析了地震荷载作用下墙后土应力摩尔圆的变化规律,采用水平层分析法,建立了综合考虑中主应力、土结构性、残余强度的黄土填料被动动土压力公式。研究表明:平面应变统一强度公式计算得到的峰值或残余黏聚力和摩擦角随统一强度参数b值增大而增大,结构性对黏聚力的增幅较大,而对摩擦角影响则不明显;结构性黄土的地震被动土压力系数随b值、构度指标的增大而增大,而随水平地震系数的增大而减小;结构性较大时残余强度计算的地震被动土压力系数较峰值强度大,结构性较小时,两者计算结果接近。
Based on triaxial shear tests of structural cube loess samples with different water contents, residual strength effect and relationships between structural indexes and strength parameters are studied, based on which the uniform strength formula for plane strain is corrected. Variations of Mohr circle of soil stress behind the wall under the seismic conditions are analysed. By using the method of level layer element, calculating seismic passive earth pressure of loess filler considering intermediate principal stress,structure and residual strength effects is established. The results indicate that cohesions and friction angles calculated by unified strength theory increase with unified strength parameter b. The structure of loess has a huge influence on cohesion while the effect of friction angles is not obvious. The total seismic passive earth pressure coefficient increases with the increase of b value and structural index, while it decreases with the increase of horizontal seismic coefficient. The residual strength makes a more contribution to seismic passive earth pressure coefficient for large structure than for small structure.
Based on triaxial shear tests of structural cube loess samples with different water contents, residual strength effect and relationships between structural indexes and strength parameters are studied, based on which the uniform strength formula for plane strain is corrected. Variations of Mohr circle of soil stress behind the wall under the seismic conditions are analysed. By using the method of level layer element, calculating seismic passive earth pressure of loess filler considering intermediate principal stress,structure and residual strength effects is established. The results indicate that cohesions and friction angles calculated by unified strength theory increase with unified strength parameter b. The structure of loess has a huge influence on cohesion while the effect of friction angles is not obvious. The total seismic passive earth pressure coefficient increases with the increase of b value and structural index, while it decreases with the increase of horizontal seismic coefficient. The residual strength makes a more contribution to seismic passive earth pressure coefficient for large structure than for small structure.
引文
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[19]陶虎.黄土的构度及其描述结构性渐变过程的本构模型研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2012.TAO Hu.Research on structural index and constitutive relationship described for the structural damage process of loess[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2012.
[20]RICHARDS R J,ELMS D G,BUDHU M.Dynamic fluidization of soils.[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1990,116(5):740-759.
[2]OKABE S.General theory on earth pressure and seismic stability of retaining wall and dam[J].Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers,1924,10(6):1277-1323.
[3]MONONOBE N,MATSUO H.On the determination of earthquake pressure during earthquakes[C]//Proceedings of World Engineering Congress.Tokyo,Japan:[s.n.],1929:179-187.
[4]NAKAMURA S.Reexamination of Mononobe-Okabe theory of gravity retaining walls using centrifuge model tests[J].Soils and Foundations,2006,47(5):135-146.
[5]KOSEKI J,TATSUOKA F,MUNAF Y,et al.A modified procedure to evaluate active earth pressure at high seismic loads[J].Soils and Foundations,1995(2):209-216.
[6]ZHANG J M,SONG F,LI D J.Effects of strain localization on seismic active earth pressures[J].Journal of Geotechnical&Geoenvironmental Engineering,2010,136(7):999-1003.
[7]宋飞,张建民.考虑挡墙位移效应的被动侧土压力计算方法[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):151-157.SONG Fei,ZHANG Jian-min.Computational method of earth pressure at passive side considering wall displacement effect[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(1):151-157.
[8]杨剑,高玉峰,程永锋,等.地震条件下倾斜挡土墙被动土压力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(9):1391-1397.YANG Jian,GAO Yu-feng,CHENG Yong-feng,et al.Pressive earth pressure of inclined retaining walls under seismic condition[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(9):1391-1397.
[9]林宇亮,杨果林,赵炼恒,等.地震动土压力水平层分析法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2581-2591.LIN Yu-liang,YANG Guo-lin,ZHAO Lian-heng,et al.Horizontal slices analysis method for seimic earth pressure calculation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(12):2581-2591.
[10]张国祥,王敏.新建筑边坡规范地震主动土压力计算公式的推导及完善[J].岩土力学,2017,38(4):1097-1102.ZHANG Guo-xiang,WANG Min.Derivation and improvement of formula for calculating seismic active earth pressure in new‘Technical code for building slope engineering’[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(4):1097-1102.
[11]张常光,张庆贺,赵均海,等.非饱和土抗剪强度及土压力统一解[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1871-1876.ZHANG Chang-guang,ZHANG Qing-he,ZHAO Jun-hai,et al.Unified solutions of shear strength and earth pressure for unsaturated soils[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1871-1876.
[12]宋飞,张建民.水平层分析法求解超固结土的地震主动土压力[C]//第七届全国土动力学学术会议论文集.北京:清华大学出版社,2006:470-475.SONG Fei,ZHANG Jian-min.Solving active seismic earth pressure of overconsolidated soil by horizontal layer analysis[C]//Proceedings of the Seventh National Academic Conference on Soil Dynamics.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2006:470-475.
[13]邵生俊,罗爱忠,邓国华,等.一种新型真三轴仪的研制与开发[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(8):1172-1179.SHAO Sheng-jun,LUO Ai-zhong,DENG Guo-hua,et al.Development of a new true triaxial apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(8):1172-1179.
[14]俞茂宏.双剪理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.YU Mao-hong.Twin-shear theory and its application[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998.
[15]俞茂宏,杨松岩,刘春阳,等.统一平面应变滑移线场理论[J].土木工程学报,1997,30(2):14-26.YU Mao-hong,YANG Song-yan,LIU Chun-yang,et al.Unified plane-strain slip line field theory system[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1997,30(2):14-26.
[16]邵生俊,郑文,王正泓,等.黄土的构度指标及其试验确定方法[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):15-19.SHAO Sheng-jun,ZHENG Wen,WANG Zheng-hong,et al.Structural index of loess and its testing method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(1):15-19.
[17]邵生俊,邓国华.原状黄土的结构性强度特性及其在黄土隧道围岩压力分析中的应用[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(11):93-98.SHAO Sheng-jun,DENG Guo-hua.The strength characteristics of loess with different structures and its application in analyzing the earth pressure on loess tunnel[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(11):93-98.
[18]邓国华.真三轴条件下黄土的结构性参数及结构性本构关系研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2009.DENG Guo-hua.Research on structure parameter of loess and structure constitutive relations under true tri-axial condition[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2009.
[19]陶虎.黄土的构度及其描述结构性渐变过程的本构模型研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2012.TAO Hu.Research on structural index and constitutive relationship described for the structural damage process of loess[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2012.
[20]RICHARDS R J,ELMS D G,BUDHU M.Dynamic fluidization of soils.[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1990,116(5):740-759.