北京地区坑中坑工程地表沉降预测方法研究
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摘要
坑中坑是非常普遍却未能进行系统研究的基坑工程问题,其自身形态的多变性不但给设计、施工带来了一定的难度,更增加了其影响范围内地层变形的复杂性。通过对虚拟开挖线和功能土体的假设阐述了坑中坑周边地层变形产生差异的原因及其力学机制;结合地层损失法和相关的经验公式提出了适用于北京地区坑中坑工程的地表沉降曲线及最大沉降值的预测方法;在此基础上将之与数值模拟法及经验公式法进行比较,分析了所提预测方法的合理性与适应性,并得出了坑中坑周围地表沉降对内坑开挖深度最为敏感的结论。研究成果可以指导北京地区及其他地区同类基坑的设计与施工,对防止工程事故、避免资源浪费意义重大,同时也为城市坑中坑工程建设对周边环境影响的精细化控制提供了参考。
The mode of pit-in-pit is becoming more and more common in foundation pit projects,however,it has not been systematically studied. Its uncertainty in position and shape,on one hand,raises the bar in design and construction,on the other hand,makes the surrounding strata deformation much more complicated. Based on the hypothesis of theoretical excavation line and function mass,the mechanism of difference in surrounding strata deformation was proposed. A prognoses method on curve and the maximum value of ground subsidence which is suitable for Beijing area was put forward combining the theory of ground loss with empirical equations. And on this basis,the reasonableness and adaptability of prognoses method by comparing with numerical simulation method and the empirical method were analyzed. Moreover,conclusion of ground settlement which is sensitive to excavation depth the most was also presented. The research findings can guide the design and construction of similar engineering in Beijing and other areas,and has a great significance in preventing engineering accidents and avoiding wasting resources,which can also be provided as reference material for precise control of impact made by pit-in-pit excavation on surrounding environment.
The mode of pit-in-pit is becoming more and more common in foundation pit projects,however,it has not been systematically studied. Its uncertainty in position and shape,on one hand,raises the bar in design and construction,on the other hand,makes the surrounding strata deformation much more complicated. Based on the hypothesis of theoretical excavation line and function mass,the mechanism of difference in surrounding strata deformation was proposed. A prognoses method on curve and the maximum value of ground subsidence which is suitable for Beijing area was put forward combining the theory of ground loss with empirical equations. And on this basis,the reasonableness and adaptability of prognoses method by comparing with numerical simulation method and the empirical method were analyzed. Moreover,conclusion of ground settlement which is sensitive to excavation depth the most was also presented. The research findings can guide the design and construction of similar engineering in Beijing and other areas,and has a great significance in preventing engineering accidents and avoiding wasting resources,which can also be provided as reference material for precise control of impact made by pit-in-pit excavation on surrounding environment.
引文
[1]张顶立.城市地下工程建设安全风险及其控制[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012:146–148.(ZHANG Dingli.Safety risk and control technology of urban underground engineering construction[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2012:146–148.(in Chinese))
[2]龚晓南.关于基坑工程的几点思考[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(9):99–102,108.(GONG Xiaonan.Considerations on foundation pit engineering[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(9):99–102,108.(in Chinese))
[3]吴铭炳,林大丰,戴一鸣,等.坑中坑基坑支护设计与监测[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(增):1 570–1 572.(WU Mingbing,LIN Dafeng,DAI Yiming,et al.Design and monitoring of retaining of pits in foundation-pit[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(Supp.):1 570–1 572.(in Chinese))
[4]陈乐意,李镜培,梁发云,等.坑中坑对基坑围护墙体水平位移影响数值分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(增1):59–61.(CHEN Leyi,LI Jingpei,LIANG Fayun,et al.Numerical analysis for effect of pit in foundation pit on lateral displacement of supporting structure[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(Supp.1):59–61.(in Chinese))
[5]申明亮,廖少明,周小华,等.坑中坑基坑应力场的参数化分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(增2):187–191.(SHEN Mingliang,LIAO Shaoming,ZHOU Xiaohua,et al.Parametric analysis on stress field of pit in pit excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(Supp.2):187–191.(in Chinese))
[6]徐飞飞,崔梓萍,徐意智,等.坑中坑的基坑变形分布及其变化规律[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(增1):1 376–1 380+1 388.(XU Feifei,CUI Ziping,XU Yizhi,et al.Study on distribution and variation of the deformation of pit in pit excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8(Supp.1):1 376–1 380+1 388.(in Chinese))
[7]钱天平.坑中坑对基坑性状影响分析[硕士学位论文][D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.(QIAN Tianping.Effect of pit-in-pit on behaviors of excavation[M.S.Thesis][D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.(in Chinese))
[8]霍军帅,宫全美,陈娟.坑中坑基坑围护墙体变形特性分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2011,33(增1):139–142.(HUO Junshuai,GONG Quanmei CHEN Juan.Analysis of the deformation of retaining structure of pit-in-pit excavation[J].Journal of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering,2011,33(Supp.1):139–142.(in Chinese))
[9]侯新宇,刘松玉,童立元.地铁换乘站坑中坑开挖变形特性[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,41(6):1 289–1 294.(HOU Xinyu,LIU Songyu,TONG Liyuan.Deformation characteristics in pit-in-pit of metro interchange station[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2011,41(6):1 289–1 294.(in Chinese))
[10]丰土根,熊中华,余波.坑中坑开挖对悬臂式支护结构侧移的影响分析[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(11):2 053–2 059.(FENG Tugen,XIONG Zhonghua,YU Bo.Influence of pit-in-pit excavation on lateral deformation of cantilever retaining structure[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(11):2 053–2 059.(in Chinese))
[11]刘国彬,王卫东.基坑工程手册[M].北京:中建筑工业出版社,2009:192–215.(LIU Guobin,WANG Weidong.Handbook for foundation pit engineering[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2009:192–215.(in Chinese))
[12]SHI Z H.Crack analysis in structural concrete:theory and applications[M].Waltham:Butterworth-Heinemann Press,2009:111–116.
[13]MANA A I,CLOUGH G W.Prediction of movements for braced cuts in clay[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,1981,107(6):759–777.
[14]徐中华,王建华,王卫东.软土地区采用灌注桩围护的深基坑变形性状研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(5):1 362–1 366.(XU Zhonghua,WANG Jianhua,WANG Weidong.Deformation behavior of deep excavations retained by bored pile wall in soft soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(5):1 362–1 366.(in Chinese))
[15]李淑,张顶立,房倩,等.北京地区深基坑墙体变形特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(11):2 344–2 353.(LI Shu,ZHANG Dingli,FANG Qian,et al.Research on characteristics of retaining wall deformation due to deep excavation in Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(11):2 344–2 353.(in Chinese))
[16]孔庆欣.北京地铁南楼梓庄站车站基坑变形特性分析[硕士学位论文][D].北京:中国地质大学,2013.(KONG Qingxin.Beijing subway station of Chaoyang park foundation pit deformation characteristics analysis[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2013.(in Chinese))
[17]胡云端.北京魏公村异型深基坑变形和稳定性分析[硕士学位论文][D].沈阳:东北大学,2008.(HU Yunduan.Analysis on deformation and stability of allotypic foundation pit of Weigong village in Beijing[M.S.Thesis][D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2008.(in Chinese))
[18]李志佳.北京地区深大地铁基坑稳定性及变形特性研究[硕士学位论文][D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.(LI Zhijia.Study on the stability and deformation characteristic of big and deep subway excavation in Beijing[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.(in Chinese))
[19]聂宗泉,张尚根,孟少平.软土深基坑开挖地表沉降评估方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(8):1 218–1 223.(NIE Zongquan,ZHANG Shanggen,MENG Shaoping.Surface settlement of deep foundation pits by excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(8):1 218–1 223.(in Chinese))
[20]程琪,刘国彬,张伟立.上海地区地铁超深基坑及深基坑变形有限元分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(增2):1 497–1 502.(CHENG Qi,LIU Guobin,ZHANG Weili.Deformation analysis of subway ultra-deep and deep excavation in shanghai by FEM[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(Supp.2):1 497–1 502(in Chinese))
[21]江晓峰,刘国彬,张伟立,等.基于实测数据的上海地区超深基坑变形特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(增2):570–573.(JIANG Xiaofeng,LIU Guobin,ZHANG Weili,et al.Deformation characteristics of ultra-deep foundation pit in Shanghai based on measured data[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(Supp.2):570–573.(in Chinese))
[22]李淑.基于变形控制的北京地铁车站深基坑设计方法研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京交通大学,2013.(LI Shu.Study on design of Beijing subway station deep excavation based on deformation controlling[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2013.(in Chinese))
[23]PECK R B.Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.Mexico:State-of-the-Art-Volume,1969:225–290.
[24]CLOUGH G W,THOMAS D,ROURKE O.Construction induced movements of instu walls[C]//Proceedings of the ASCE Conference on Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures.New York:Geotechnical Special Publisher,1990:439–470.
[2]龚晓南.关于基坑工程的几点思考[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(9):99–102,108.(GONG Xiaonan.Considerations on foundation pit engineering[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(9):99–102,108.(in Chinese))
[3]吴铭炳,林大丰,戴一鸣,等.坑中坑基坑支护设计与监测[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(增):1 570–1 572.(WU Mingbing,LIN Dafeng,DAI Yiming,et al.Design and monitoring of retaining of pits in foundation-pit[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(Supp.):1 570–1 572.(in Chinese))
[4]陈乐意,李镜培,梁发云,等.坑中坑对基坑围护墙体水平位移影响数值分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(增1):59–61.(CHEN Leyi,LI Jingpei,LIANG Fayun,et al.Numerical analysis for effect of pit in foundation pit on lateral displacement of supporting structure[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(Supp.1):59–61.(in Chinese))
[5]申明亮,廖少明,周小华,等.坑中坑基坑应力场的参数化分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(增2):187–191.(SHEN Mingliang,LIAO Shaoming,ZHOU Xiaohua,et al.Parametric analysis on stress field of pit in pit excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(Supp.2):187–191.(in Chinese))
[6]徐飞飞,崔梓萍,徐意智,等.坑中坑的基坑变形分布及其变化规律[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(增1):1 376–1 380+1 388.(XU Feifei,CUI Ziping,XU Yizhi,et al.Study on distribution and variation of the deformation of pit in pit excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8(Supp.1):1 376–1 380+1 388.(in Chinese))
[7]钱天平.坑中坑对基坑性状影响分析[硕士学位论文][D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.(QIAN Tianping.Effect of pit-in-pit on behaviors of excavation[M.S.Thesis][D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.(in Chinese))
[8]霍军帅,宫全美,陈娟.坑中坑基坑围护墙体变形特性分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2011,33(增1):139–142.(HUO Junshuai,GONG Quanmei CHEN Juan.Analysis of the deformation of retaining structure of pit-in-pit excavation[J].Journal of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering,2011,33(Supp.1):139–142.(in Chinese))
[9]侯新宇,刘松玉,童立元.地铁换乘站坑中坑开挖变形特性[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,41(6):1 289–1 294.(HOU Xinyu,LIU Songyu,TONG Liyuan.Deformation characteristics in pit-in-pit of metro interchange station[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2011,41(6):1 289–1 294.(in Chinese))
[10]丰土根,熊中华,余波.坑中坑开挖对悬臂式支护结构侧移的影响分析[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(11):2 053–2 059.(FENG Tugen,XIONG Zhonghua,YU Bo.Influence of pit-in-pit excavation on lateral deformation of cantilever retaining structure[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(11):2 053–2 059.(in Chinese))
[11]刘国彬,王卫东.基坑工程手册[M].北京:中建筑工业出版社,2009:192–215.(LIU Guobin,WANG Weidong.Handbook for foundation pit engineering[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2009:192–215.(in Chinese))
[12]SHI Z H.Crack analysis in structural concrete:theory and applications[M].Waltham:Butterworth-Heinemann Press,2009:111–116.
[13]MANA A I,CLOUGH G W.Prediction of movements for braced cuts in clay[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,1981,107(6):759–777.
[14]徐中华,王建华,王卫东.软土地区采用灌注桩围护的深基坑变形性状研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(5):1 362–1 366.(XU Zhonghua,WANG Jianhua,WANG Weidong.Deformation behavior of deep excavations retained by bored pile wall in soft soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(5):1 362–1 366.(in Chinese))
[15]李淑,张顶立,房倩,等.北京地区深基坑墙体变形特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(11):2 344–2 353.(LI Shu,ZHANG Dingli,FANG Qian,et al.Research on characteristics of retaining wall deformation due to deep excavation in Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(11):2 344–2 353.(in Chinese))
[16]孔庆欣.北京地铁南楼梓庄站车站基坑变形特性分析[硕士学位论文][D].北京:中国地质大学,2013.(KONG Qingxin.Beijing subway station of Chaoyang park foundation pit deformation characteristics analysis[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2013.(in Chinese))
[17]胡云端.北京魏公村异型深基坑变形和稳定性分析[硕士学位论文][D].沈阳:东北大学,2008.(HU Yunduan.Analysis on deformation and stability of allotypic foundation pit of Weigong village in Beijing[M.S.Thesis][D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2008.(in Chinese))
[18]李志佳.北京地区深大地铁基坑稳定性及变形特性研究[硕士学位论文][D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.(LI Zhijia.Study on the stability and deformation characteristic of big and deep subway excavation in Beijing[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.(in Chinese))
[19]聂宗泉,张尚根,孟少平.软土深基坑开挖地表沉降评估方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(8):1 218–1 223.(NIE Zongquan,ZHANG Shanggen,MENG Shaoping.Surface settlement of deep foundation pits by excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(8):1 218–1 223.(in Chinese))
[20]程琪,刘国彬,张伟立.上海地区地铁超深基坑及深基坑变形有限元分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(增2):1 497–1 502.(CHENG Qi,LIU Guobin,ZHANG Weili.Deformation analysis of subway ultra-deep and deep excavation in shanghai by FEM[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(Supp.2):1 497–1 502(in Chinese))
[21]江晓峰,刘国彬,张伟立,等.基于实测数据的上海地区超深基坑变形特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(增2):570–573.(JIANG Xiaofeng,LIU Guobin,ZHANG Weili,et al.Deformation characteristics of ultra-deep foundation pit in Shanghai based on measured data[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(Supp.2):570–573.(in Chinese))
[22]李淑.基于变形控制的北京地铁车站深基坑设计方法研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京交通大学,2013.(LI Shu.Study on design of Beijing subway station deep excavation based on deformation controlling[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2013.(in Chinese))
[23]PECK R B.Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.Mexico:State-of-the-Art-Volume,1969:225–290.
[24]CLOUGH G W,THOMAS D,ROURKE O.Construction induced movements of instu walls[C]//Proceedings of the ASCE Conference on Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures.New York:Geotechnical Special Publisher,1990:439–470.