基于指标综合分析的苹果砧木耐镉性评价
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摘要
以小金海棠(Malus xiaojinensis)、新疆野苹果(M.sieversii)、崂山柰子(M.prunifolia)、八棱海棠(M.×robusta)、山定子(M.baccata)和平邑甜茶(M.hupehensis var.pingyiensis)砧木实生苗为试材,经镉处理后检测根长、鲜重、干重、根系活力、细胞死亡数、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,分析叶片过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和叶绿素相对含量。结果表明,镉处理后,新疆野苹果的根长、鲜重和根系活力下降幅度,以及细胞死亡率、MDA含量和叶片H_2O_2含量的增加幅度均最高;山定子干重下降幅度和叶片H_2O_2含量增加幅度最低;八棱海棠根系细胞死亡率增加幅度最低,根系POD和SOD活性提高幅度最大;崂山柰子叶绿素相对含量降低幅度最大,八棱海棠和山定子变化不显著。在主成分分析的基础上,利用隶属函数对各砧木所测指标进行综合分析,显示六种苹果砧木耐镉能力由强到弱的顺序为:八棱海棠>山定子>平邑甜茶>崂山柰子>小金海棠>新疆野苹果。
The seedlings of six apple(Malus xiaojinensis, M. sieversii, M. prunifolia, M. × robusta, M. baccata and M. hupehensis var. pingyiensis) rootstocks were used as the materials. After cadmium treatment, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, root activity, cell death rate, malonaldehyde(MDA) content, and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) in roots were detected. Hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) content and relative chlorophyll content in leaves were measured. Results show that the extents of root length, fresh weight and root activity declined, the extent of root cell mortality increased, and the increase ranges of MDA and H_2O_2 contents in M. sieversii were the highest after cadmium treatment. The increase range of dry weight and the increase extent of H_2O_2 content in M. baccata were the lowest. The increase range of MDA in M. xiaojinensis was the lowest. The activities of POD and SOD in roots of M. × robusta increased more than those in others. The decrease of relative chlorophyll content in M. prunifolia was the largest, but the difference between M. × robusta and M. baccata was not significant. Based on the principal component analysis(PCA), the index of rootstocks was analyzed using membership function. Taken together, the order of cadmium tolerances of six apple rootstocks was as follows: M. × robusta > M. baccata > M. hupehensis var. pingyiensis > M. prunifolia >M. xiaojinensis > M. sieversii.
The seedlings of six apple(Malus xiaojinensis, M. sieversii, M. prunifolia, M. × robusta, M. baccata and M. hupehensis var. pingyiensis) rootstocks were used as the materials. After cadmium treatment, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, root activity, cell death rate, malonaldehyde(MDA) content, and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) in roots were detected. Hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) content and relative chlorophyll content in leaves were measured. Results show that the extents of root length, fresh weight and root activity declined, the extent of root cell mortality increased, and the increase ranges of MDA and H_2O_2 contents in M. sieversii were the highest after cadmium treatment. The increase range of dry weight and the increase extent of H_2O_2 content in M. baccata were the lowest. The increase range of MDA in M. xiaojinensis was the lowest. The activities of POD and SOD in roots of M. × robusta increased more than those in others. The decrease of relative chlorophyll content in M. prunifolia was the largest, but the difference between M. × robusta and M. baccata was not significant. Based on the principal component analysis(PCA), the index of rootstocks was analyzed using membership function. Taken together, the order of cadmium tolerances of six apple rootstocks was as follows: M. × robusta > M. baccata > M. hupehensis var. pingyiensis > M. prunifolia >M. xiaojinensis > M. sieversii.
引文
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Pilon M,Cohu CM,Ravet K,et al(2009).Essential transition metal homeostasis in plants.Curr Opin Plant Biol,12:347-357
Savvas D,Ntatsi G,Barouchas P(2013).Impact of grafting and rootstock genotype on cation uptake by cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)exposed to Cd or Ni stress.Sci Hortic,149:86-96
Steffens B,Sauter M(2005).Epidermal cell death in rice is regulated by ethylene,gibberellin,and abscisic acid.Plant Physiol,139:713-721
Xiao X,Xie Q,Cai L,et al(2017).Physiological responses to Cd,Pb pollution and expression analysis of antioxidative genes in celery.J Nucl Agr Sci,31:1864-1871[肖旭峰,解庆娓,蔡玲等(2017).芹菜对镉、铅胁迫的生理响应及抗氧化酶基因表达特性分析.核农学报,31:1864-1871]
Xin J,Huang B,Yang J,et al(2013).Role of roots in cadmium accumulation of two water spinach cultivars:reciprocal grafting and histochemical experiments.Plant Soil,366:425-432
Yang JW,Zhu JG,Wang SG,et al(2013).Drought-resistance of local wheat varieties in Shanxi Province of China:a comprehensive evaluation by using GGE biplot and subordinate function.Chin J Appl Ecol,24:1031-1038(in Chinese with English abstract)[杨进文,朱俊刚,王曙光等(2013).用GGE双标图及隶属函数综合分析山西小麦地方品种抗旱性.应用生态学报,24:1031-1038]
Zhao S,Shi G,Dong X(2002).Plant Physiology Experimental Guide.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press(in Chinese)[赵世杰,史国安,董新纯(2002).植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社]
Zhou J,Wan H,Qin S,et al(2016).Net cadmium flux and gene expression in relation to differences in cadmium accumulation and translocation in four apple rootstocks.Environ Exp Bot,130:95-105
Chen AK,Wang MY,Liu XH,et al(2013).Research progress on the effect of cadmium an rice and its absorption and tolerance mechanisms.Ecol Sci,32:514-522(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈爱葵,王茂意,刘晓海等(2013).水稻对重金属镉的吸收及耐性机理研究进展.生态科学,32:514-522]
Chen J,Pang SQ,Zhao XL(2016).Effects of exogenous auxins on growth and antioxidation system in maize seedings under cadmium stress.Plant Physicol J,52:1191-1198(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈晶,庞思琪,赵秀兰(2016).外源生长素对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗生长及抗氧化系统的影响.植物生理学报,52:1191-1198]
Chen W,Zhang MM,Song YY,et al(2013).Inhibitory effect of heavy metal stress on the seed germination of four turfgrass types.Acta Arestia Sin,21:556-563(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈伟,张苗苗,宋阳阳等(2013).重金属胁迫对4种草坪草种子萌发的影响.草地学报,21:556-563]
Chen Y,Li TQ,Yang XE(2009).Effects of Cd on growth characteristics of root systems of pakchoi with different genotypes.Plant Nutr Fert Sci,15:170-176(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈瑛,李廷强,杨肖娥(2009).镉对不同基因型小白菜根系生长特性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,15:170-176]
Chi CN,Ding GH(2017).Research progress of the molecular biology in heavy metal tolerance of plant.Biotechnol Bull,33:6-11(in Chinese with English abstract)[迟春宁,丁国华(2017).植物耐重金属的分子生物学研究进展.生物技术通报,33:6-11]
Grembecka M,Szefer P(2013).Comparative assessment of essential and heavy metals in fruits from different geographical origins.Environ Monit Assess,185:9139-9160
Hartke S,da Silva AA,de Moraes MG(2013).Cadmium accumulation in tomato cultivars and its effect on expression of metal transport-related genes.Bull Environ Contam Tox,90:227-232
He J,Ma C,Ma Y,et al(2013).Cadmium tolerance in six poplar species.Environ Sci Pollut Res,20:163-174
He J,Ren Y,Wang Y,et al(2011).Root morphological and physiological responses of rice seedlings with different tolerance to cadmium stress.Acta Ecol Sin,31:522-528(in Chinese with English abstract)[何俊瑜,任艳芳,王阳阳等(2011).不同耐性水稻幼苗根系对镉胁迫的形态及生理响应.生态学报,31:522-528]
Huang YX,Wang ZK,Yuan H,et al(2011).Physiological responses of soybean(Glycine max)to cadmium stress and its tolerance mechanism.J Agro-Environ Sci,30:1514-1520(in Chinese with English abstract)[黄运湘,王志坤,袁红等(2011).大豆对镉胁迫的生理反应及耐镉机理探讨.农业环境科学学报,30:1514-1520]
Liu Y,Ma WC,Zhang W,et al(2016).Effect of cadmium stress on root vigor and accumulation of elements Ca,Mg,Mn,Zn,Fe in Salix variegate.Chin J Appl Ecol,27:1109-1115(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘媛,马文超,张雯等(2016).镉胁迫对秋华柳根系活力及其Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Fe积累的影响.应用生态学报,27:1109-1115]
Pilon M,Cohu CM,Ravet K,et al(2009).Essential transition metal homeostasis in plants.Curr Opin Plant Biol,12:347-357
Savvas D,Ntatsi G,Barouchas P(2013).Impact of grafting and rootstock genotype on cation uptake by cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)exposed to Cd or Ni stress.Sci Hortic,149:86-96
Steffens B,Sauter M(2005).Epidermal cell death in rice is regulated by ethylene,gibberellin,and abscisic acid.Plant Physiol,139:713-721
Xiao X,Xie Q,Cai L,et al(2017).Physiological responses to Cd,Pb pollution and expression analysis of antioxidative genes in celery.J Nucl Agr Sci,31:1864-1871[肖旭峰,解庆娓,蔡玲等(2017).芹菜对镉、铅胁迫的生理响应及抗氧化酶基因表达特性分析.核农学报,31:1864-1871]
Xin J,Huang B,Yang J,et al(2013).Role of roots in cadmium accumulation of two water spinach cultivars:reciprocal grafting and histochemical experiments.Plant Soil,366:425-432
Yang JW,Zhu JG,Wang SG,et al(2013).Drought-resistance of local wheat varieties in Shanxi Province of China:a comprehensive evaluation by using GGE biplot and subordinate function.Chin J Appl Ecol,24:1031-1038(in Chinese with English abstract)[杨进文,朱俊刚,王曙光等(2013).用GGE双标图及隶属函数综合分析山西小麦地方品种抗旱性.应用生态学报,24:1031-1038]
Zhao S,Shi G,Dong X(2002).Plant Physiology Experimental Guide.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press(in Chinese)[赵世杰,史国安,董新纯(2002).植物生理学实验指导.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社]
Zhou J,Wan H,Qin S,et al(2016).Net cadmium flux and gene expression in relation to differences in cadmium accumulation and translocation in four apple rootstocks.Environ Exp Bot,130:95-105