南海热幔柱构造与油气分布
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摘要
南海处于欧亚、印度—澳大利亚和太平洋—菲律宾海三大板块的夹持地带,区内以NE向深海区-海盆为中心,周围有众多的含油气盆地。南海区具有"北断(裂)、南褶(皱)、东(俯)冲、西(碰)撞"的构造特征。南海及其周缘新生代玄武岩和花岗岩广为分布,故有潜在的大火成岩省之称。其中,火山岩以碱性玄武岩为主,多为OIB型成因,其成岩年龄自南海中心至外围呈由新逐渐变老的趋势。深部地幔流动呈现出涡旋式上涌的特点,上地幔明显具环带状结构,中心部位为上升流,外围为下降流,表现出热幔柱和冷幔柱活动"双模式"对流。从区域S波速度扰动异常来看,在670km间断面,对热流体上涌确有阻挡作用。通过层析成像研究,证实本区存在巨型复蘑菇云状地幔低速体,演化过程和相邻板块活动构成相辅相成关系。由于地幔热流体上涌,促使地壳-岩石圈上隆、熔融、减薄和断陷,形成南海从边缘向中心(海盆)热流温度逐步升高的轨迹,基本控制油气田"外油内气"环形有序分布的格局。
The South China Sea is held the Eurasia,India and Australian and Pacific-Philippines plates with NE abyssal zone-basin in the center and numerous petroliferous basins at periphery.The South China Sea region is characterized by"Faulting in North,Folding in South,subduction in East,and collision in west".In the South China Sea region and adjacent areas Cenozoic basalt and granite are widely distributed thus it is known as a potential large igneous province.The volcanic rock is dominated by alkaline basalt in OIB origin.Outward from the center age of the rocks gets older.Deep mantle flows in scroll during upwelling with ring have structure in the upper mantle.At central part fluid flow up,at periphery flow down,showing heat and cool"dual-mode"convection mantle plume activity.From the regional velocity of S wave disturbance abnormal the hot fluid upwelling was hindered by discontinuity surface at the 670km level.By tomography studies the presence of composite huge mushroom cloud of mantle low velocity body is confirmed and the evolution process and the adjacent plate activities constitute a complementary relationship.As a result of mantle heat fluid upwelling uplifting,melting,thinning and faulting of the lithosphere was prompted and from edge to center(basin)heat flow temperature gradually elevated Such regime basically controls the ring distribution pattern of"external oil and inner gas"in the South China Sea region.
The South China Sea is held the Eurasia,India and Australian and Pacific-Philippines plates with NE abyssal zone-basin in the center and numerous petroliferous basins at periphery.The South China Sea region is characterized by"Faulting in North,Folding in South,subduction in East,and collision in west".In the South China Sea region and adjacent areas Cenozoic basalt and granite are widely distributed thus it is known as a potential large igneous province.The volcanic rock is dominated by alkaline basalt in OIB origin.Outward from the center age of the rocks gets older.Deep mantle flows in scroll during upwelling with ring have structure in the upper mantle.At central part fluid flow up,at periphery flow down,showing heat and cool"dual-mode"convection mantle plume activity.From the regional velocity of S wave disturbance abnormal the hot fluid upwelling was hindered by discontinuity surface at the 670km level.By tomography studies the presence of composite huge mushroom cloud of mantle low velocity body is confirmed and the evolution process and the adjacent plate activities constitute a complementary relationship.As a result of mantle heat fluid upwelling uplifting,melting,thinning and faulting of the lithosphere was prompted and from edge to center(basin)heat flow temperature gradually elevated Such regime basically controls the ring distribution pattern of"external oil and inner gas"in the South China Sea region.
引文
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[22]蔡学林,朱介寿,程先琼,等.南海复蘑菇状地幔低速柱结构及其地幔动力学[J].中国地质,2010,37(2):268-279.
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[38]Sibuet J C,Hsu S K,Pichon X L,et al.East Asia Plate tectonics since 15 Ma:conateainfs region[J].Tectoophysics,2002,344:103-134.
[39]蔡学林,朱介寿,曹家敏,等.四川黑水—台湾花莲断面岩石圈与软流圈结构[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2004,31(5):441-451.
[40]Huang C Y,Xia K Y,Yuan P B,et al.Structural evolution from Paleogene extension to Lateat Miocene-Recent arc-continene collision offshore Tarwan:comparison with on land geology[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2001,19:619-639.
[41]张功成,陈国俊,张厚和,等.“源热共控”中国近海盆地油气田“内油外气”有序分布[J].沉积学报,2012,30(1):1-19.
[42]祝有海,吴必豪,卢振权.中国近海天然气水合物找矿前景[J].矿床地质,2001,20(2):174-181.
[43]袁学诚,李善芳.无机生油假说及其在中国的应用前景[J].中国地质,2012,39(4):843-854.
[44]袁学诚.无机生油假说在第聂伯—顿涅茨盆地的应用及其对中国找寻油气的启示[J].中国地质,2012,39(5):1117-1124.
[45]王宝德,牛树银,孙爱群,等.深部矿源与幔枝构造成矿[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:1-19.
[46]王登红,陈毓川,徐钰,等.中国新生代成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:1-218.
[2]何家雄,陈胜红,马文宏,等.南海东北部珠江口盆地成生演化与油气运聚成藏规律[J].中国地质,2012,30(1):106-117.
[3]姚伯初,万玲.中国南海海域岩石圈三维结构及演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:1-222.
[4]姚伯初.南海北部陆缘新生带构造运动初探[J].南海地质研究,1993(5):1-12.
[5]万玲,姚伯初,曾维军,等.南海岩石圈结构与油气资源分布[J].中国地质,2006,33(4):874-884.
[6]秦静欣,郝天珧,徐亚,等.南海及邻区莫霍深度分布特征及其与各构造单元的关系[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3171-3183.
[7]姚伯初,万玲,曾维军,等.南中国海岩石圈三维结构及演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.
[8]真允庆,郝红蕾,付怀林,等.广东三水盆地油气田与金属矿床的成因关系[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):795-804.
[9]肖龙,周海民,董月霞,等.广东三水盆地火山岩:地球化学特征及成因——兼论火山岩性质的时空演化和南海形成的深部过程[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(1):72-81.
[10]贾大成,邱学林,胡瑞忠,等.北部湾玄武岩地幔源区性质的地球化学示踪及其构造环境[J].热带海洋学报,2003,22(2):30-39.
[11]李昌年,王方正,钟称生.广西北海涠洲岛(含斜阳岛)第四纪玄武质火山岩的地球化学性质及其源区特征[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2005,24(1):1-11.
[12]鄢全树,石学法.海南地幔柱与南海形成演化[J].高校地质学报,2007,13(2):311-322.
[13]Niu Y L,O′Hara M J.Origin of ocean island basalts:A new perspective from petrology,geochemistry,and mineral physics consideration[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B4):2209.doi:10.1029/2002JB002048.
[14]Niu Y L.Generaton and evolution of basaltic magmas:some basic concepts and a new view on the orifin of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in eastern China[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2005,11(1):9-46.
[15]Putirka K D.Mantle potential temperatures at Hawaii,leeland,and the mid-ocean ridge system,as inferred from olivine phenocrysts:Evidence for thermally driven mantle plumes[J].Geochem Grophys.Geosyst,2005.6.Q05l08.doi:10.1029/2005GC000915.
[16]程先琼,朱介寿,蔡学林.东亚地幔流动速度研究[J].中国地质,2006,33(4):896-905.
[17]白瑾,黄学光,王惠初,等.中国前寒武纪地壳演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:56-60.
[18]Storetvedl K M.Rotating plates:new concept of global tectonics.ln:chatterjee,S and N.HottonⅢ(eds).New concept in global tactonics[J].Teras Tach Unirersity Press,Lubbock,1992:203-220.
[19]蔡学林,朱介寿,曹家敏,等.东亚西太平洋巨型裂谷体系岩石圈与软流圈结构及动力学[J].中国地质,2002,29(3):234-245.
[20]蔡学林,朱介寿,曹家敏.南海地区软流圈“工”字型低速异常带特征及构造意义[C]∥中国地球物理学会年刊.中国地球物理学会第十八届年会论文集,2002:247-247.
[21]杨文采,于常青.从亚洲S波波速结构看地幔流体运动特征[J].地质学报,2011,85(9):1399-1408.
[22]蔡学林,朱介寿,程先琼,等.南海复蘑菇状地幔低速柱结构及其地幔动力学[J].中国地质,2010,37(2):268-279.
[23]Van der Hilst R D,Widlyantoro S,Creager K C,et al.Deep subdction and aspherical variations in P-wava speed at the base of earth?s mantle[C]∥The Core-Mautle Boundary Region.Geodymamics Series Vol 28Am Geophys,Un,1998:5-20.
[24]蔡学林,朱介寿,曹家敏,等.东亚西太平洋岩石圈三维结构及其地幔动力学[J].地学前缘,2007,14(3):21-38.
[25]龚再升,李思田.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气成藏动力学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:9-45.
[26]梁德华,李扬.南海宪北海山玄武岩中超镁铁岩包体[J].南海地质研究,1991(4):122-123.
[27]李兆麟,丘志力,秦社彩,等.南海海山玄武岩形成条件研究[J].矿物学报,1991,11(4):325-333.
[28]刘以宣.南海新构造与地壳稳定性[M].北京:科学出版社,1994:72-84,134-150.
[29]樊祺诚,孙谦,李霓,等.琼北火山活动分期与全新世岩浆演化[J].岩石学报,2004,20(3):533-544.
[30]赵海玲,Frey F A,Hang Shichun,等.东南沿海地区第四纪大陆岩石圈地幔的特征[J].现代地质,2002,16(4):347-352.
[31]徐义刚,黄小龙,颜文,等.南海北缘新生代构造演化的深部制约(Ⅰ)幔源包体[J].地球化学,2002,31(3):230-242.
[32]马宗晋,杜品仁,洪汉净.地球构造与动力学[M].广州:广东科学技术出版社,2003:65-125.
[33]Garnero E J,Revenaugh J,Williama Q,et al.Ultralowvelocity zone at the-Mantle boundary[C]∥the Core-Mantle Boundary Region Geodynamics Series Vol,28,Am.Geophys Un.,1998:319-334.
[34]Replumax A,Karason H,Van der Hilst R D,et al.4-Devolution of SE Asia?s mantle from geological reconstructions and seismic tomography[J].Earth and Planetary Science Lettere,2004,221:103-115.
[35]吕炳权,徐国强,王红罡,等.南海新生代碳酸盐台地淹没事件记录的海底扩张[J].地质科学,2003,37(4):405-414.
[36]姚伯初,万玲,刘振湖,等.南海南部海域新生代万安运动的构造意义及其油气资源效应[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(1):69-77.
[37]杜德莉,吴能友,朱本铎.南海南部盆地地球动力学分类与油气资源[C]∥中国地球物理学会第二十届年会论文集.西安:西安地图出版社,2004:259.
[38]Sibuet J C,Hsu S K,Pichon X L,et al.East Asia Plate tectonics since 15 Ma:conateainfs region[J].Tectoophysics,2002,344:103-134.
[39]蔡学林,朱介寿,曹家敏,等.四川黑水—台湾花莲断面岩石圈与软流圈结构[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2004,31(5):441-451.
[40]Huang C Y,Xia K Y,Yuan P B,et al.Structural evolution from Paleogene extension to Lateat Miocene-Recent arc-continene collision offshore Tarwan:comparison with on land geology[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2001,19:619-639.
[41]张功成,陈国俊,张厚和,等.“源热共控”中国近海盆地油气田“内油外气”有序分布[J].沉积学报,2012,30(1):1-19.
[42]祝有海,吴必豪,卢振权.中国近海天然气水合物找矿前景[J].矿床地质,2001,20(2):174-181.
[43]袁学诚,李善芳.无机生油假说及其在中国的应用前景[J].中国地质,2012,39(4):843-854.
[44]袁学诚.无机生油假说在第聂伯—顿涅茨盆地的应用及其对中国找寻油气的启示[J].中国地质,2012,39(5):1117-1124.
[45]王宝德,牛树银,孙爱群,等.深部矿源与幔枝构造成矿[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:1-19.
[46]王登红,陈毓川,徐钰,等.中国新生代成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:1-218.