松嫩平原中部农作物空间格局时空变化分析
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摘要
【目的】在国家"玉米调减"、"粮豆轮作"、"大豆目标价格"等种植结构调整政策背景下,分析2011~2016年松嫩平原中部地区农作物空间格局变化,为黑龙江省西部地区种植结构调整提供数据参考和科学基础。【方法】选择克山县为研究区域,利用2016年黑龙江省主要农作物一张图、2011年黑龙江省水稻、玉米本底数据,采取遥感手段提取2011年大豆分布,生成2011和2016年作物空间分布图;选取水稻、玉米、大豆和其他作物为研究对象,分别对农场和县域进行5年内种植结构变化、耕地内部4类作物面积转换分析和景观格局指数评价。【结果】(1)克山县种植结构发生了巨大的改变,55%左右的耕地种植作物发生变化,目前均以玉米、大豆为主,主要变化方向为大豆改种玉米。(2)克山县县域总体景观MPS变大,CI减小,机械化和规模化程度总体提升,AWMSI降低,斑块形状更加规则。【结论】(1)克山县种植结构的发展趋势由相对效益较低的大豆向着相对效益较高的玉米、水稻方向发展,种植结构由2011年的大豆为主要作物,转变为玉米和大豆为主要种植作物,且2016年玉米种植规模超过大豆,成为种植规模最大的作物;水稻受到自然地理条件的制约较大,面积扩张集中在县域的流域附近。(2)大豆、玉米和水稻的规模化、机械化和破碎化程度正逐渐趋于一致,其他作物规模化和机械化程度明显低于3种作物,破碎化程度高于3种作物;大豆、水稻和其他作物分布逐渐离散,玉米区域集中且优势度明显高于其他3种作物。(3)利用景观格局指数,可以很好地量化反映作物种植格局空间分布变化情况,包括规模、空间分布、形状、异质性和相关性情况。
[Purpose]The change of crop spatial pattern in the middle of Songnen Plain during 2011 and 2016 was analyzed under the background of the adjustment policy of "maize reduction","grain bean rotation" and "soybean target price",which provided data reference and scientific basis for the adjustment of planting structure in the western region of Heilongjiang province.[Method]Taking Keshan County as the study area,using the data of "A map of the main crops" in Heilongjiang Province in 2016 and the background data of rice and maize in Heilongjiang Province in 2011,the study extracted the soybean distribution of 2011 by remote sensing and generated crop spatial distribution of 2011 and 2016. Taking rice,maize,soybean and other crops as the research objects,the change of cropping structure,the conversion of 4 types of crop area and the change of landscape pattern index in 5 years were analyzed.[Result](1)Great changes have taken place in the planting structure in Keshan County,and about 55% of cultivated land crops have changed. At present,maize and soybean are the main types of crops,and the main direction of change is switching soybean to maize.(2) The overall landscape MPS in Keshan County increased,CI decreased,the degree of mechanization and scale increased,AWMSI decreased,and the shapes of patches were more regular. [Conclusion](1)The development trend of cropping structure in Keshan County is developing from soybean with relatively low benefit to maize and rice with relatively high relative benefit. The planting structure is transformed from soybean in 2011 to maize and soybean as the main crop. In 2016,the area of maize is more than soybean and becomes the largest crop. Rice is restricted by natural and geographical conditions,and the area expansion is concentrated near the watershed of the county.(2) The scale,mechanization and fragmentation of soybean,maize and rice are gradually becoming the same,the scale and mechanization of other crops are obviously lower than that of 3 crops,the degree of fragmentation is higher than that of 3 crops,and the distribution of soybean,rice and other crops is gradually dispersed,maize tends to concentrate,and its dominance is obviously higher than that of the other 3 crops.(3) The landscape pattern index can be used to quantify the spatial distribution of crop planting patterns,including scale,spatial distribution,shape,heterogeneity and correlation.
[Purpose]The change of crop spatial pattern in the middle of Songnen Plain during 2011 and 2016 was analyzed under the background of the adjustment policy of "maize reduction","grain bean rotation" and "soybean target price",which provided data reference and scientific basis for the adjustment of planting structure in the western region of Heilongjiang province.[Method]Taking Keshan County as the study area,using the data of "A map of the main crops" in Heilongjiang Province in 2016 and the background data of rice and maize in Heilongjiang Province in 2011,the study extracted the soybean distribution of 2011 by remote sensing and generated crop spatial distribution of 2011 and 2016. Taking rice,maize,soybean and other crops as the research objects,the change of cropping structure,the conversion of 4 types of crop area and the change of landscape pattern index in 5 years were analyzed.[Result](1)Great changes have taken place in the planting structure in Keshan County,and about 55% of cultivated land crops have changed. At present,maize and soybean are the main types of crops,and the main direction of change is switching soybean to maize.(2) The overall landscape MPS in Keshan County increased,CI decreased,the degree of mechanization and scale increased,AWMSI decreased,and the shapes of patches were more regular. [Conclusion](1)The development trend of cropping structure in Keshan County is developing from soybean with relatively low benefit to maize and rice with relatively high relative benefit. The planting structure is transformed from soybean in 2011 to maize and soybean as the main crop. In 2016,the area of maize is more than soybean and becomes the largest crop. Rice is restricted by natural and geographical conditions,and the area expansion is concentrated near the watershed of the county.(2) The scale,mechanization and fragmentation of soybean,maize and rice are gradually becoming the same,the scale and mechanization of other crops are obviously lower than that of 3 crops,the degree of fragmentation is higher than that of 3 crops,and the distribution of soybean,rice and other crops is gradually dispersed,maize tends to concentrate,and its dominance is obviously higher than that of the other 3 crops.(3) The landscape pattern index can be used to quantify the spatial distribution of crop planting patterns,including scale,spatial distribution,shape,heterogeneity and correlation.
引文
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[13]谭杰扬,李正国,杨鹏等.基于作物空间分配模型的东北三省春玉米时空分布特征.地理学报,2014,69(3):353~364.
[14]刘珍环,唐鹏钦,范玲玲,等.1980—2010年东北地区种植结构时空变化特征.中国农业科学,2016,49(21):4107~4119.
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[16]黄青,唐华俊,吴文斌,等.农作物分布格局动态变化的遥感监测——以东北三省为例.中国农业科学,2013,46(13):2668~2676
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[18]薛春璐,郭琳,胡华浪,等.农地确权成果在耕地景观格局分析中的应用.农业工程学报,2016,32(20):242~249.
[19]张利利,佘济云,李锐,等.1998—2010年五指山市土地利用景观格局变化分析.西北林学院学报,2016,31(1):221~225.
[20]陈颐,林毅伟,朱志鹏,等.基于RS和GIS的莆田市土地利用景观格局变化分析.西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):279~286.
[21]谢舞丹,吴健生.土地利用与景观格局对PM2.5浓度的影响——以深圳市为例.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(1):160~170.
[22]钱凤魁,董婷婷,王秋兵.低山丘陵区不同坡度级耕地景观格局特征分析.沈阳农业大学学报,2013,44(6):766~770.
[23]李鑫,欧名豪,马贤磊.基于景观指数的细碎化对耕地利用效率影响研究——以扬州市里下河区域为例.自然资源学报,2011,26(10):1758~1767.
[24]王道骏,陈英,贾首杰,等.基于景观格局指数的耕地细碎化研究——以甘肃省临夏北塬地区为例.中国农学通报,2014,30(32):184~188.
[25]王成,袁敏,魏朝富,等.浅丘带坝区不同坡度下耕地景观格局分析.生态学杂志,2007,26(9):1424~1431.
[26]黑龙江省地图册/哈尔滨地图出版社编制.哈尔滨:哈尔滨地图出版社,2015.1.
[27]亢晋霞,张顶,李东明,等.克山县近30年旱涝灾害分析.黑龙江农业科学,2012(12):27~29.
[28]何鹏,张会儒.常用景观指数的因子分析和筛选方法研究,林业科学研究,2009,22(4):470~474.
[29]陈藜藜,宋戈,周浩,等.松嫩高平原土地利用变化分析及趋势模拟——以黑龙江省巴彦县为例.土壤通报,2017,48(1):61~69.
[30]黑龙江省统计局.黑龙江县(市)农村经济社会统计概要2011.
[31]黑龙江省统计局.黑龙江县(市)农村经济社会统计概要2016.
[2]张莉,吴文斌,杨鹏,等.黑龙江省宾县农作物格局时空变化特征分析.中国农业科学,2013,46(15):3227~3237.
[3]余强毅,吴文斌,陈羊阳,等.农作物空间格局变化模拟模型的MATLAB实现及应用.农业工程学报,2014,30(12):105~114.
[4]刘珍环,杨鹏,吴文斌,等.近30年中国农作物种植结构时空变化分析.地理学报,2016,71(5),840~851.
[5]梁书民.中国农业种植结构及演化的空间分布和原因分析.中国农业资源与区划,2006,27(2):29~34.
[6]夏天,吴文斌,周清波,等.基于地理回归的农作物播种面积统计数据空间化方法.自然资源学报,2016,31(10):1773~1782.
[7]胡琼,吴文斌,宋茜,等.农作物种植结构遥感提取研究进展,中国农业科学,2015,48(10):1900~1914.
[8]Ozdogan M.The spatial distribution of crop types from MODIS data:temporal unmixing using independent component analysis.Remote Sensing of Environment,2010,114(6):1190~1204.
[9]马丽,顾晓鹤,徐新刚,等.地块数据支持下的玉米种植面积遥感测量方法.农业工程学报,2009,25(8):147~151.
[10]Wardlow B D,Egbert S L,Kastens J H.Analysis of time-series MODIS 250 m vegetation index data for crop classification in the US.Central Great Plains.Remote Sensing of Environment,2007,108(3):290~310.
[11]Verburg P H,Mertz O,Erb K,et al.Land system change and food security:towards multi scale land system solutions.Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2013,5(5):494~502
[12]夏天,吴文斌,余强毅,等.农作物空间格局动态变化模拟模型(CROPS)构建.中国农业资源与区划,2014,35(1):44~51.
[13]谭杰扬,李正国,杨鹏等.基于作物空间分配模型的东北三省春玉米时空分布特征.地理学报,2014,69(3):353~364.
[14]刘珍环,唐鹏钦,范玲玲,等.1980—2010年东北地区种植结构时空变化特征.中国农业科学,2016,49(21):4107~4119.
[15]王红营,潘学鹏,罗建美,等.基于遥感的华北平原农作物时空分布变化特征分析.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(9):1199~1209.
[16]黄青,唐华俊,吴文斌,等.农作物分布格局动态变化的遥感监测——以东北三省为例.中国农业科学,2013,46(13):2668~2676
[17]程良晓,江涛,谈明洪,等.基于NDVI时间序列影像的张掖市农作物种植结构提取.地理信息世界,2016,26(4):37~44.
[18]薛春璐,郭琳,胡华浪,等.农地确权成果在耕地景观格局分析中的应用.农业工程学报,2016,32(20):242~249.
[19]张利利,佘济云,李锐,等.1998—2010年五指山市土地利用景观格局变化分析.西北林学院学报,2016,31(1):221~225.
[20]陈颐,林毅伟,朱志鹏,等.基于RS和GIS的莆田市土地利用景观格局变化分析.西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):279~286.
[21]谢舞丹,吴健生.土地利用与景观格局对PM2.5浓度的影响——以深圳市为例.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(1):160~170.
[22]钱凤魁,董婷婷,王秋兵.低山丘陵区不同坡度级耕地景观格局特征分析.沈阳农业大学学报,2013,44(6):766~770.
[23]李鑫,欧名豪,马贤磊.基于景观指数的细碎化对耕地利用效率影响研究——以扬州市里下河区域为例.自然资源学报,2011,26(10):1758~1767.
[24]王道骏,陈英,贾首杰,等.基于景观格局指数的耕地细碎化研究——以甘肃省临夏北塬地区为例.中国农学通报,2014,30(32):184~188.
[25]王成,袁敏,魏朝富,等.浅丘带坝区不同坡度下耕地景观格局分析.生态学杂志,2007,26(9):1424~1431.
[26]黑龙江省地图册/哈尔滨地图出版社编制.哈尔滨:哈尔滨地图出版社,2015.1.
[27]亢晋霞,张顶,李东明,等.克山县近30年旱涝灾害分析.黑龙江农业科学,2012(12):27~29.
[28]何鹏,张会儒.常用景观指数的因子分析和筛选方法研究,林业科学研究,2009,22(4):470~474.
[29]陈藜藜,宋戈,周浩,等.松嫩高平原土地利用变化分析及趋势模拟——以黑龙江省巴彦县为例.土壤通报,2017,48(1):61~69.
[30]黑龙江省统计局.黑龙江县(市)农村经济社会统计概要2011.
[31]黑龙江省统计局.黑龙江县(市)农村经济社会统计概要2016.