山西亚高山草甸植被生物量的地理空间分布
|
摘要
以山西省境内分布的典型亚高山草甸为对象,采用收获法获取植被生物量数据,结合经度、纬度和海拔3个地理因子,分析总生物量(TB)、地上生物量(AGB)、地下生物量(BGB)及根冠比(R/S)沿不同地理梯度的变化规律,从群落水平上探究山西亚高山草甸植被生物量的地理空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)TB、AGB、BGB在地域上表现较大变异。AGB变异最大,在32.50~756.00 g·m-2;BGB次之,变化范围为140.50~1586.50 g·m-2;TB波动最小,在248.25~2342.50 g·m-2。(2)TB随海拔升高显著减小(P<0.05),随经度增加缓慢增大(P>0.05),随纬度增加略微减小(P>0.05),在1700~1800 m、113.4°E—113.85°E、35°N—35.5°N处最大(平均为896 g·m-2)。(3)AGB随纬度增加、海拔升高显著减小(P<0.001),随经度增加逐渐增大(P<0.05),在1700~1800 m、112.05°E—112.5°E、35°N—35.5°N处最大(平均为366.06 g·m-2)。(4)BGB随纬度增加呈"降低-升高-降低"的变化趋势,整体略有增大(P>0.05),随经度增加也略有增大(P>0.05),而随海拔升高显著增大(P<0.05),在3000~3100 m、113.4°E—113.85°E、35°N—35.5°N处最大(平均为745.63 g·m-2)。(5)R/S随纬度增加、海拔升高显著增大(P<0.05),随经度增加略有增大(P>0.05);与纬度、海拔呈显著的幂指数函数关系(P<0.05),且表现为等速增长(幂指数平均为1.025)。RDA分析结果表明,在一定范围内,对亚高山草甸植被不同生物量特征影响较大的为纬度和海拔因子,最小影响因子是经度,地上生物量与经纬度和海拔均呈显著的负相关,生物量更多地分配到地下部分。
In this study,we selected typical subalpine meadow distributed in Shanxi Province to explore the geographical distribution of vegetation biomass of subalpine meadow at the community level. After biomass was harvested,the variation of total biomass(TB),above-ground biomass(AGB),below-ground biomass(BGB) and root: shoot ratio(R/S) were analyzed at different geographical gradients(longitude,latitude,and altitude). The results showed that TB,AGB,and BGB substantially varied across the region. The variation was the largest for the AGB with a range of 32.50-756.00 g·m-2,followed by the BGB with a range of 140.50-1586.50 g·m-2.The variation in TB was the smallest with a range of 248.25-2342.50 g·m-2. The TB decreased significantly with altitude(P < 0.05),whereas increased slowly with longitude(P > 0. 05),and slightly decreased with latitude(P>0.05). The largest TB was found at 1700-1800 m,113.4-113.85°E,35-35.5°N(with an average of 896 g·m-2). The AGB decreased significantly with increasing latitude and altitude(P<0.001),and gradually increased with longitude(P < 0.05).The largest AGB was found at 1700-1800 m,112.05-112.5°E,35-35.5°N(with an average of366.06 g·m-2). The BGB showed a trend of "decrease-increase-decrease"as the latitude increased,but increased slightly overall(P>0.05),slightly increased with longitude(P > 0.05),and increased significantly with the increases of altitude(P < 0. 05). The maximum BGB was found at 3000-3100 m,113.4-113.85°E,35-35.5°N(with an average 745.63 g·m-2). The R/S increased significantly with increasing latitude and altitude(P < 0. 05),slightly increased with longitude(P>0.05),and showed a significant exponential function with latitude and altitude(P<0.05),characterized by isometric growth(average power exponent of 1.025). Results from redundancy analysis showed that latitude and altitude had greater impacts on the biomass of subalpine meadow,while longitude had less impact. The AGB was negatively correlated with longitude,latitude,and altitude. Subalpine meadow allocated more biomass to belowground parts.
In this study,we selected typical subalpine meadow distributed in Shanxi Province to explore the geographical distribution of vegetation biomass of subalpine meadow at the community level. After biomass was harvested,the variation of total biomass(TB),above-ground biomass(AGB),below-ground biomass(BGB) and root: shoot ratio(R/S) were analyzed at different geographical gradients(longitude,latitude,and altitude). The results showed that TB,AGB,and BGB substantially varied across the region. The variation was the largest for the AGB with a range of 32.50-756.00 g·m-2,followed by the BGB with a range of 140.50-1586.50 g·m-2.The variation in TB was the smallest with a range of 248.25-2342.50 g·m-2. The TB decreased significantly with altitude(P < 0.05),whereas increased slowly with longitude(P > 0. 05),and slightly decreased with latitude(P>0.05). The largest TB was found at 1700-1800 m,113.4-113.85°E,35-35.5°N(with an average of 896 g·m-2). The AGB decreased significantly with increasing latitude and altitude(P<0.001),and gradually increased with longitude(P < 0.05).The largest AGB was found at 1700-1800 m,112.05-112.5°E,35-35.5°N(with an average of366.06 g·m-2). The BGB showed a trend of "decrease-increase-decrease"as the latitude increased,but increased slightly overall(P>0.05),slightly increased with longitude(P > 0.05),and increased significantly with the increases of altitude(P < 0. 05). The maximum BGB was found at 3000-3100 m,113.4-113.85°E,35-35.5°N(with an average 745.63 g·m-2). The R/S increased significantly with increasing latitude and altitude(P < 0. 05),slightly increased with longitude(P>0.05),and showed a significant exponential function with latitude and altitude(P<0.05),characterized by isometric growth(average power exponent of 1.025). Results from redundancy analysis showed that latitude and altitude had greater impacts on the biomass of subalpine meadow,while longitude had less impact. The AGB was negatively correlated with longitude,latitude,and altitude. Subalpine meadow allocated more biomass to belowground parts.
引文
陈娇.2012.生态恢复工程对历山舜王坪亚高山草甸植被的影响研究(硕士学位论文).太原:山西大学.
陈安仁.1983.山西省的牧草资源及草地类型分析.自然资源,(3):54-61.
陈生云,刘文杰,叶柏生,等.2011.疏勒河上游地区植被物种多样性和生物量及其与环境因子的关系.草业学报,20(3):70-83.
党晓宏,高永,蒙仲举,等.2017.西鄂尔多斯地区5种荒漠优势灌丛生物量分配格局及预测模型.中国沙漠,37(1):100-108.
方精云,杨元合,马文红,等.2010.中国草地生态系统碳库及其变化.中国科学:生命科学,40(7):566-576.
韩彬,樊江文,钟华平.2006.内蒙古草地样带植物群落生物量的梯度研究.植物生态学报,30(4):553-562.
黄玫,季劲钧,曹明奎,等.2006.中国区域植被地上与地下生物量模拟.生态学报,26(12):4156-4163.
焦翠翠,于贵瑞,何念鹏,等.2016.欧亚大陆草原地上生物量的空间格局及其与环境因子的关系.地理学报,71(5):781-796.
李博.1993.普通生态学.呼和浩特:内蒙古大学出版社.
李晋鹏,郭东罡,张秋华,等.2008.山西吕梁山南段植物群落的生态梯度.生态学杂志,27(11):1841-1846.
李凯辉,王万林,胡玉昆,等.2008.不同海拔梯度高寒草地地下生物量与环境因子的关系.应用生态学报,19(11):2364-2368.
李素清,张金屯.2007.山西云顶山亚高山草甸群落生态分析.地理研究,26(1):83-90.
刘庆.2000.青海湖北岸环境梯度上植物群落的生物量与物种多样性及其相互关系.西北植物学报,20(2):259-267.
刘哲,李奇,陈懂懂.2015.青藏高原高寒草甸物种多样性的海拔梯度分布格局及对地上生物量的影响.生物多样性,23(4):451-462.
刘国华,张洁瑜,张育新,等.2003.岷江干旱河谷三种主要灌丛地上生物量的分布规律.山地学报,21(1):24-32.
柳妍妍,胡玉昆,王鑫,等.2013.天山南坡中段高寒草地物种多样性与生物量的垂直分异特征.生态学杂志,32(2):311-318.
龙毅,孟凡栋,王常顺,等.2015.高寒草甸主要植物地上地下生物量分布及退化对根冠比和根系表面积的影响.广西植物,35(4):532-538.
卢爱英,张先平,王世裕,等.2011.干扰对云顶山亚高山草甸群落物种多样性的影响.植物研究,31(1):73-78.
罗永开,方精云,胡会峰.2017.山西芦芽山14种常见灌木生物量模型及生物量分配.植物生态学报,41(1):115-125.
马安娜,于贵瑞,何念鹏,等.2014.中国草地植被地上和地下生物量的关系分析.第四纪研究,34(4):769-776.
马文红,方精云.2006.内蒙古温带草原的根冠比及其影响因素.北京大学学报:自然科学版,42(6):774-778.
马子清.2001.山西植被.北京:中国科学技术出版社.
朴世龙,方精云,贺金生,等.2004.中国草地植被生物量及其空间分布格局.植物生态学报,28(4):491-498.
乔宇鑫,朱华忠,钟华平,等.2016.内蒙古草地地下生物量空间格局分析.草业学报,25(6):1-12.
秦浩,董刚,张峰.2015.山西植物功能型划分及其空间格局.生态学报,35(2):396-408.
沙威,董世魁,刘世梁,等.2016.阿尔金山自然保护区植物群落生物量和物种多样性的空间格局及其影响因素.生态学杂志,35(2):330-337.
仝莉棉,曾彪,王鑫.2016.2000-2012年山西省不同植被类型物候变化及其对气候变化的响应.水土保持研究,23(2):194-200.
王蕾,许冬梅,张晶晶.2012.封育对荒漠草原植物群落组成和物种多样性的影响.草业科学,29(10):1512-1516.
王亮,牛克昌,杨元合,等.2010.中国草地生物量地上-地下分配格局:基于个体水平的研究.中国科学:生命科学,40(7):642-649.
王敏,苏永中,杨荣,等.2013.黑河中游荒漠草地地上和地下生物量的分配格局.植物生态学报,37(3):209-219.
王晓莉,常禹,陈宏伟,等.2014.黑龙江省大兴安岭森林生物量空间格局及其影响因素.应用生态学报,25(4):974-982.
王长庭,王启基,龙瑞军,等.2004.高寒草甸群落植物多样性和初级生产力沿海拔梯度变化的研究.植物生态学报,28(2):240-245.
徐满厚,刘敏,翟大彤,等.2016.青藏高原高寒草甸生物量动态变化及与环境因子的关系-基于模拟增温实验.生态学报,36(18):5759-5767.
杨昊天,李新荣,刘立超,等.2013.荒漠草地4种灌木生物量分配特征.中国沙漠,33(5):1340-1348.
杨婷婷,高永,吴新宏,等.2013.小针茅草原植被地下与地上生物量季节动态及根冠比变化规律.干旱区研究,30(1):109-114.
杨秀静,黄玫,王军邦,等.2013.青藏高原草地地下生物量与环境因子的关系.生态学报,33(7):2032-2042.
杨兆平,欧阳华,宋明华,等.2010.青藏高原多年冻土区高寒植被物种多样性和地上生物量.生态学杂志,29(4):617-623.
宇万太,于永强.2001.植物地下生物量研究进展.应用生态学报,12(6):927-932.
章异平,江源,刘全儒,等.2011.放牧对五台山高山、亚高山草甸牧草品质的影响.生态学报,31(13):3659-3667.
赵鸣飞,王宇航,左婉怡,等.2016.内蒙古草原生物量和地下生产力空间格局及其关键影响因子.生态学杂志,35(1):95-103.
朱桂丽,李杰,魏学红,等.2017.青藏高寒草地植被生产力与生物多样性的经度格局.自然资源学报,32(2):210-222.
Bai YF,Han XG,Wu JG,et al.2004.Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland.Nature,431:181-184.
Bai YF,Wu JG,Pan QM,et al.2007.Positive linear relationship between productivity and diversity:Evidence from the Eurasian steppe.Journal of Applied Ecology,44:1023-1034.
Brouwer R.1983.Functional equilibrium:Sense or nonsense?Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science,31:335-348.
Gallagher JL,Plumley FG.1979.Underground biomass profiles and productivity in Atlantic coastal marshes.American Journal of Botany,66:156-161.
Gaston KJ.2000.Global patterns in biodiversity.Nature,405:220-226.
Litton CM,Raich JW,Ryan MG.2007.Carbon allocation in forest ecosystem.Global Change Biology,13:2089-2109.
Mokany K,Raison RJ,Prokushkin AS.2006.Critical analysis of root:shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes.Global Change Biology,12:84-96.
Molyneux DE,Davies WJ.1983.Rooting pattern and water relations of three pasture grasses growing in drying soil.Oecologia,58:220-224.
Schimel DS,Participants Vemap,Braswell BH.1997.Continental scale variability in ecosystem processes:Models,data,and the role of disturbance.Ecological Monographs,67:251-271.
Wang L,Niu CK,Yang YH,et al.2010.Petterns of above-and belowground biomass allocation in China’s grassland:Evidence from individual-level observation.Science China(Life Science),53:851-857.
Zheng DL,Rademacher J,Chen JQ,et al.2004.Estimating aboveground biomass using Landsa 7 ETM+data a cross a managed landscape in northern Wisconsin,USA.Remote Sensing of Environment,93:402-411.
陈安仁.1983.山西省的牧草资源及草地类型分析.自然资源,(3):54-61.
陈生云,刘文杰,叶柏生,等.2011.疏勒河上游地区植被物种多样性和生物量及其与环境因子的关系.草业学报,20(3):70-83.
党晓宏,高永,蒙仲举,等.2017.西鄂尔多斯地区5种荒漠优势灌丛生物量分配格局及预测模型.中国沙漠,37(1):100-108.
方精云,杨元合,马文红,等.2010.中国草地生态系统碳库及其变化.中国科学:生命科学,40(7):566-576.
韩彬,樊江文,钟华平.2006.内蒙古草地样带植物群落生物量的梯度研究.植物生态学报,30(4):553-562.
黄玫,季劲钧,曹明奎,等.2006.中国区域植被地上与地下生物量模拟.生态学报,26(12):4156-4163.
焦翠翠,于贵瑞,何念鹏,等.2016.欧亚大陆草原地上生物量的空间格局及其与环境因子的关系.地理学报,71(5):781-796.
李博.1993.普通生态学.呼和浩特:内蒙古大学出版社.
李晋鹏,郭东罡,张秋华,等.2008.山西吕梁山南段植物群落的生态梯度.生态学杂志,27(11):1841-1846.
李凯辉,王万林,胡玉昆,等.2008.不同海拔梯度高寒草地地下生物量与环境因子的关系.应用生态学报,19(11):2364-2368.
李素清,张金屯.2007.山西云顶山亚高山草甸群落生态分析.地理研究,26(1):83-90.
刘庆.2000.青海湖北岸环境梯度上植物群落的生物量与物种多样性及其相互关系.西北植物学报,20(2):259-267.
刘哲,李奇,陈懂懂.2015.青藏高原高寒草甸物种多样性的海拔梯度分布格局及对地上生物量的影响.生物多样性,23(4):451-462.
刘国华,张洁瑜,张育新,等.2003.岷江干旱河谷三种主要灌丛地上生物量的分布规律.山地学报,21(1):24-32.
柳妍妍,胡玉昆,王鑫,等.2013.天山南坡中段高寒草地物种多样性与生物量的垂直分异特征.生态学杂志,32(2):311-318.
龙毅,孟凡栋,王常顺,等.2015.高寒草甸主要植物地上地下生物量分布及退化对根冠比和根系表面积的影响.广西植物,35(4):532-538.
卢爱英,张先平,王世裕,等.2011.干扰对云顶山亚高山草甸群落物种多样性的影响.植物研究,31(1):73-78.
罗永开,方精云,胡会峰.2017.山西芦芽山14种常见灌木生物量模型及生物量分配.植物生态学报,41(1):115-125.
马安娜,于贵瑞,何念鹏,等.2014.中国草地植被地上和地下生物量的关系分析.第四纪研究,34(4):769-776.
马文红,方精云.2006.内蒙古温带草原的根冠比及其影响因素.北京大学学报:自然科学版,42(6):774-778.
马子清.2001.山西植被.北京:中国科学技术出版社.
朴世龙,方精云,贺金生,等.2004.中国草地植被生物量及其空间分布格局.植物生态学报,28(4):491-498.
乔宇鑫,朱华忠,钟华平,等.2016.内蒙古草地地下生物量空间格局分析.草业学报,25(6):1-12.
秦浩,董刚,张峰.2015.山西植物功能型划分及其空间格局.生态学报,35(2):396-408.
沙威,董世魁,刘世梁,等.2016.阿尔金山自然保护区植物群落生物量和物种多样性的空间格局及其影响因素.生态学杂志,35(2):330-337.
仝莉棉,曾彪,王鑫.2016.2000-2012年山西省不同植被类型物候变化及其对气候变化的响应.水土保持研究,23(2):194-200.
王蕾,许冬梅,张晶晶.2012.封育对荒漠草原植物群落组成和物种多样性的影响.草业科学,29(10):1512-1516.
王亮,牛克昌,杨元合,等.2010.中国草地生物量地上-地下分配格局:基于个体水平的研究.中国科学:生命科学,40(7):642-649.
王敏,苏永中,杨荣,等.2013.黑河中游荒漠草地地上和地下生物量的分配格局.植物生态学报,37(3):209-219.
王晓莉,常禹,陈宏伟,等.2014.黑龙江省大兴安岭森林生物量空间格局及其影响因素.应用生态学报,25(4):974-982.
王长庭,王启基,龙瑞军,等.2004.高寒草甸群落植物多样性和初级生产力沿海拔梯度变化的研究.植物生态学报,28(2):240-245.
徐满厚,刘敏,翟大彤,等.2016.青藏高原高寒草甸生物量动态变化及与环境因子的关系-基于模拟增温实验.生态学报,36(18):5759-5767.
杨昊天,李新荣,刘立超,等.2013.荒漠草地4种灌木生物量分配特征.中国沙漠,33(5):1340-1348.
杨婷婷,高永,吴新宏,等.2013.小针茅草原植被地下与地上生物量季节动态及根冠比变化规律.干旱区研究,30(1):109-114.
杨秀静,黄玫,王军邦,等.2013.青藏高原草地地下生物量与环境因子的关系.生态学报,33(7):2032-2042.
杨兆平,欧阳华,宋明华,等.2010.青藏高原多年冻土区高寒植被物种多样性和地上生物量.生态学杂志,29(4):617-623.
宇万太,于永强.2001.植物地下生物量研究进展.应用生态学报,12(6):927-932.
章异平,江源,刘全儒,等.2011.放牧对五台山高山、亚高山草甸牧草品质的影响.生态学报,31(13):3659-3667.
赵鸣飞,王宇航,左婉怡,等.2016.内蒙古草原生物量和地下生产力空间格局及其关键影响因子.生态学杂志,35(1):95-103.
朱桂丽,李杰,魏学红,等.2017.青藏高寒草地植被生产力与生物多样性的经度格局.自然资源学报,32(2):210-222.
Bai YF,Han XG,Wu JG,et al.2004.Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland.Nature,431:181-184.
Bai YF,Wu JG,Pan QM,et al.2007.Positive linear relationship between productivity and diversity:Evidence from the Eurasian steppe.Journal of Applied Ecology,44:1023-1034.
Brouwer R.1983.Functional equilibrium:Sense or nonsense?Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science,31:335-348.
Gallagher JL,Plumley FG.1979.Underground biomass profiles and productivity in Atlantic coastal marshes.American Journal of Botany,66:156-161.
Gaston KJ.2000.Global patterns in biodiversity.Nature,405:220-226.
Litton CM,Raich JW,Ryan MG.2007.Carbon allocation in forest ecosystem.Global Change Biology,13:2089-2109.
Mokany K,Raison RJ,Prokushkin AS.2006.Critical analysis of root:shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes.Global Change Biology,12:84-96.
Molyneux DE,Davies WJ.1983.Rooting pattern and water relations of three pasture grasses growing in drying soil.Oecologia,58:220-224.
Schimel DS,Participants Vemap,Braswell BH.1997.Continental scale variability in ecosystem processes:Models,data,and the role of disturbance.Ecological Monographs,67:251-271.
Wang L,Niu CK,Yang YH,et al.2010.Petterns of above-and belowground biomass allocation in China’s grassland:Evidence from individual-level observation.Science China(Life Science),53:851-857.
Zheng DL,Rademacher J,Chen JQ,et al.2004.Estimating aboveground biomass using Landsa 7 ETM+data a cross a managed landscape in northern Wisconsin,USA.Remote Sensing of Environment,93:402-411.