基于MODIS数据的石羊河流域地表温度空间格局
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摘要
利用2010年4期MODIS影像,基于植被指数、地表比辐射率、大气透过率和星上亮度温度,采用分裂窗口算法,反演石羊河流域不同季节地表温度并对其进行验证.结果表明:石羊河流域四季地表温度变化明显,昼夜温差很大,其中,春季温度分布在-13.45～29.27℃之间;夏季温度分布在-3.75～56.29℃之间;秋季温度分布在-10.15～32.67℃之间;冬季温度分布在-17.15～12.75℃之间.从地表温度空间分布上看,在武威、民勤、古浪等绿洲地区地表热量丰富,水土和植被效应显著,热量呈圈状空间递减趋势;在下游地区腾格里沙漠和巴丹吉林沙漠地区夏季温度最高,祁连山东端的石羊河上游地区由于受常年积雪、河流、地表植被和海拔等因素影响地表温度较低.MODIS数据为宏观小流域热环境监测提供了新的途径,且将遥感数据和地表下垫面数据相结合能提高反演精度.
In this paper,the calculations of some parameters such as brightness temperature,atmospheric transmittance,surface emissivity and vegetation index are discussed.Then the land surface temperatures are calculated by using MODIS split windows algorithm of NASA on the base of cloudless MODIS thermal infrared data which were collected seasonally in 2010.It is found that the distribution of land surface temperatures is very different in different seasons and different regions.In spring,the land surface temperature varies between-13.45 ℃ and 29.27℃.In summer,it varies between-3.75 ℃ and 56.29 ℃.In autumn,it varies between-10.15 ℃ and 32.67 ℃.In winter,it varies between-17.15 ℃ and 12.75 ℃.There are three land surface temperature zones from south to north.The temperature is very high in Wuwei,Minqin and Gulang oasis,where heat is rich and the domino effect among water,soil and vegetation are obvious.In the downstream Tengger Desert and Badain Jaran Desert,land surface temperature is extremely high in summer.Comparatively,in Qilian Mountains the temperature is very low because of perennial snow,high elevation and special land surface vegetation.In addition,MODIS data are able to supply a new way for monitoring thermal environmental change in a small basin.Especially,the derived results will be improved a lot if combine the MODIS data and surface observation.
In this paper,the calculations of some parameters such as brightness temperature,atmospheric transmittance,surface emissivity and vegetation index are discussed.Then the land surface temperatures are calculated by using MODIS split windows algorithm of NASA on the base of cloudless MODIS thermal infrared data which were collected seasonally in 2010.It is found that the distribution of land surface temperatures is very different in different seasons and different regions.In spring,the land surface temperature varies between-13.45 ℃ and 29.27℃.In summer,it varies between-3.75 ℃ and 56.29 ℃.In autumn,it varies between-10.15 ℃ and 32.67 ℃.In winter,it varies between-17.15 ℃ and 12.75 ℃.There are three land surface temperature zones from south to north.The temperature is very high in Wuwei,Minqin and Gulang oasis,where heat is rich and the domino effect among water,soil and vegetation are obvious.In the downstream Tengger Desert and Badain Jaran Desert,land surface temperature is extremely high in summer.Comparatively,in Qilian Mountains the temperature is very low because of perennial snow,high elevation and special land surface vegetation.In addition,MODIS data are able to supply a new way for monitoring thermal environmental change in a small basin.Especially,the derived results will be improved a lot if combine the MODIS data and surface observation.
引文
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[17]Rao Sheng,Zhang Huiyuan,Jin Taotao,et al.The spatialcharacter of regional heat island in Pearl River Delta usingMODIS remote sensing data[J].Geographical Research,2010,29(1):127-136.[饶胜,张惠远,金陶陶,等.基于MODIS的珠江三角洲地区区域热岛的分布特征[J].地理研究,2010,29(1):127-136.]
[18]Qin Zhihao,Gao Maofang,Qin Xiaomin,et al.Methodologyto retrieve land surface temperature from MODIS data for ag-ricultural drought monitoring in China[J].Journal of NaturalDisasters,2005,14(4):64-71.[覃志豪,高懋芳,秦晓敏,等.农业旱灾监测中的地表温度遥感反演方法——以MODIS数据为例[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(4):64-71.]
[19]Qin Z,Karnieli A,Berliner P.A mono-window algorithm forretrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM data andits application to the Israel-Egypt border region[J].Interna-tional Journal of Remote Sensing,2001,22(18):3719-3746.
[2]Small C.Multitemporal analysis of urban reflectance[J].Re-mote Sensing of Environment,2002,81(2-3):427-442.
[3]Streutker D R.Satellite-measured growth of the urban heatisland of Houston,Texas[J].Remote Sensing of Environ-ment,2003,85(3):282-289.
[4]Parkinson C L,Greenstone R.EOS Data Products Handbook(Volume 2)[R].Greenbelt,Maryland:NASA GoddardSpace Flight Center,2000.http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/ftp_docs/data_products_vol2.pdf.
[5]Wang Zhixia,Nan Zhuotong,Zhao Lin.The applicability ofMODIS land surface temperature products to simulating thepermafrost distribution over the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journalof Glaciology and Geocryology,2011,33(1):132-143.[王之夏,南卓铜,赵林.MODIS地表温度产品在青藏高原冻土模拟中的适用性评价[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(1):132-143.]
[6]Ouyang Bin,Che Tao,Dai Liyun,et al.Estimating meandaily surface temperature over the Tibetan Plateau based onMODIS LST products[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocry-ology,2012,34(2):296-303.[欧阳斌,车涛,戴礼云,等.基于MODIS LST产品估算青藏高原地区的日平均地表温度[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(2):296-303.]
[7]Zhong Lei,Ma Yaoming,Ma Weiqiang,et al.Land Surfaceheat fluxes in the middle reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River andits two tributaries derived from AVHRR and MODIS data[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2011,33(2):309-317.[仲雷,马耀明,马伟强,等.西藏中部“一江两河”地区地表通量的卫星遥感估算[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(2):309-317.]
[8]Voogt J A,Oke T R.Thermal remote sensing of urban cli-mates[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,86(3):370-384.
[9]Price J C.Land surface temperature measurements from thesplit window channels of the NOAA 7Advanced Very HighResolution Radiometer[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1984,89(D5):7231-7237.
[10]Becker F,Li Z-L.Towards a local split window method overland surfaces[J].International Journal of Remotes Sensing,1990,11(3):369-393.
[11]Sobrino J A,Coll C,Caselles V.Atmospheric correction forland surface temperature using NOAA-11AVHRR channels 4and 5[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1991,38(1):19-34.
[12]Coll C,Caselles V,Sobrino J A,et al.On the atmosphericdependence of the split-window equation for land surface tem-perature[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1994,15(1):105-122.
[13]Wan Z,Dozier J.A generalized split-window algorithm forretrieving land-surface temperature from space[J].IEEETransactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1996,34(4):892-905.
[14]Kaufman Y J,Gao B C.Remote sensing of water vapor in thenear IR from EOS/MODIS[J].IEEE Transactions on Geosci-ence and Remote Sensing,1992,30(5):871-884.
[15]Mao K,Qin Z,Shi J,et al.A practical split-window algo-rithm for retrieving land-surface temperature from MODIS da-ta[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2005,26(15):3181-3204.
[16]Mao K,Shi J,Li Z L,et al.An RM-NN algorithm for retrie-ving land surface temperature and emissivity from EOS/MO-DIS data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmos-pheres,2007,112(D21),doi:10.1029/2007JD008428.
[17]Rao Sheng,Zhang Huiyuan,Jin Taotao,et al.The spatialcharacter of regional heat island in Pearl River Delta usingMODIS remote sensing data[J].Geographical Research,2010,29(1):127-136.[饶胜,张惠远,金陶陶,等.基于MODIS的珠江三角洲地区区域热岛的分布特征[J].地理研究,2010,29(1):127-136.]
[18]Qin Zhihao,Gao Maofang,Qin Xiaomin,et al.Methodologyto retrieve land surface temperature from MODIS data for ag-ricultural drought monitoring in China[J].Journal of NaturalDisasters,2005,14(4):64-71.[覃志豪,高懋芳,秦晓敏,等.农业旱灾监测中的地表温度遥感反演方法——以MODIS数据为例[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(4):64-71.]
[19]Qin Z,Karnieli A,Berliner P.A mono-window algorithm forretrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM data andits application to the Israel-Egypt border region[J].Interna-tional Journal of Remote Sensing,2001,22(18):3719-3746.