不同采-留-充开采方法下地表沉陷控制研究
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摘要
基于浅埋煤层开采下的地表沉陷控制理论及控制方法,提出不同开采方法相结合的开采模式。以关键层理论为依据,试验研究为基础,并结合数值模拟分析,研究了不同采-留-充相结合的开采方法对该矿区地表沉陷的控制作用。结果表明:在充填材料中加入膨胀剂能提高充填体的接顶率;采用采-留结合的方式开采时,采25 m留25 m时地表变形最小,煤柱能够保持长期稳定性;采用采-留-充开采时,若完全置换留设煤柱,即置换25 m煤柱时,充填高度需达到4.5 m,此时充填高度等于采厚,可有效控制地表变形;若置换20 m煤柱时,充填高度只需达到4.3 m,此时充填体最终抗压强度为7.41 MPa,能够维持充填体的长期稳定。
Based on the theory and method of surface subsidence on shallow buried coal seam and the key strata theory,mining mode with the combination of different mining methods was put forward. The experiment study and the numerical simulation were applied to analyze the surface subsidence in the mining area though different mining-filling methods. The results showed that the rate of roof-contact would be raised if some bentonite was put into the filling materials. If the method of strip mining was adopted,the mining width and leaving width of the coal pillar would be 25 m. In that case,the surface subsidence could be minimized and the long-term stability of coal pillar could be maintained. If the pillar was replaced fully,the filling height should be reached 4. 5 m that was equal to the mining height,which was enough to ensure the stability of filling body for a long time. If 20 m pillar was replaced,the filling height could be reached 4. 3 m and the strength of filling body could reach to 7. 41 MPa,Which could maintain the stability of the filling body for a long term.
Based on the theory and method of surface subsidence on shallow buried coal seam and the key strata theory,mining mode with the combination of different mining methods was put forward. The experiment study and the numerical simulation were applied to analyze the surface subsidence in the mining area though different mining-filling methods. The results showed that the rate of roof-contact would be raised if some bentonite was put into the filling materials. If the method of strip mining was adopted,the mining width and leaving width of the coal pillar would be 25 m. In that case,the surface subsidence could be minimized and the long-term stability of coal pillar could be maintained. If the pillar was replaced fully,the filling height should be reached 4. 5 m that was equal to the mining height,which was enough to ensure the stability of filling body for a long time. If 20 m pillar was replaced,the filling height could be reached 4. 3 m and the strength of filling body could reach to 7. 41 MPa,Which could maintain the stability of the filling body for a long term.
引文
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[13]Xu Jialin,Xuan Dayang,He Changchun.Innovative backfilling longwall panel layout for better subsidence control effect-separating adjacent subcritical panels with pillars[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2014,1(3):297-305.
[14]郭文兵,邓喀中,邹友峰.我国条带开采的研究现状与主要问题[J].煤炭科学技术,2004,32(8):6-11.Guo Wenbing,Deng Kazhong,Zou Youfeng.Research status and main issues of strip mining in china[J].Coal Science and Technology,2004,32(8):6-11.
[15]胡炳南.条带开采中煤柱稳定性分析[J].煤炭学报,1995,20(2):205-210.Hu Bingnan.Stability analysis of strip mining coal pillar[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1995,20(2):205-210.
[16]何满潮,邹友峰.条带煤柱的抗滑稳定性分析[J].水文地质工程地质,1993(6):1-4.He Manchao,Zou Youfeng.Analysis of slide stability for strip pillars[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1993(6):1-4.
[17]刘义新,戴华阳,郭文兵.巨厚松散层下深部宽条带开采地表移动规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(3):336-340.Liu Yixin,Dai Huayang,Guo Wenbing.Surface movement laws of deep wide strip-pillar mining under thick alluvium[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(3):336-340.
[18]郭文兵.深部大采宽条带开采地表移动的预计[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(4):368-372.Guo Wenbing.Surface movement predicting problems of deep strip pillar mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(4):368-372.
[19]余伟健,王卫军.矸石充填整体置换“三下”煤柱引起的岩层移动与二次稳定理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):110-117.Yu Weijian,Wang Weijun.Strata movement induced by coal-pillar under three circumstances exchanged by gangue backfill and quadratic stability law[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):110-117.
[20]谢文兵,史振凡,陈晓祥,等.部分充填开采围岩活动规律分析[J].中国矿业大学报,2004,33(2):162-165.Xie Wenbing,Shi Zhenfan,Chen Xiaoxiang,et al.Analysis of surrounding rock activities in partial backfill mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):162-165.
[21]Guo Guangli,Zha Jianfeng,Wu Bin,et al.Study of“3-step mining”subsidence control in coal mining under buildings[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,17(3):316-320.
[2]杨逾,刘文生,缪协兴,等.我国采煤沉陷及其控制研究现状与展望[J].中国矿业,2007,16(7):43-46.Yang Yu,Liu Wensheng,Miao Xiexing,et al.The research and view of the mining subsidence and it’s control technology in china[J].Chinan Mining Magazine,2007,16(7):43-46.
[3]栾合冰,王兆会,孔德中,等.坚硬顶板矸石充填采场支承压力分布特征[J].煤矿安全,2014,45(4):204-207.Luan Hebing,Wang Zhaohui,Kong Dezhong,et al.Abutment pressure distribution characteristics in gangue filling stope with hard roof[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2014,45(4):204-207.
[4]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术[J].中国矿业大学学报:自然科学版,2003,32(4):343-348.Qian Minggao,Xu Jialin,Miao Xiexing.Green technique in coal mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2003,32(4):343-348.
[5]缪协兴,钱鸣高.中国煤炭资源绿色开采研究现状与展望[J].采矿与安全工程学,2009,26(1):2-6.Miao Xiexing,Qian Minggao.Research on green mining of coal resources in China:current status and future prospects[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(1):2-6.
[6]刘长友,杨培举,侯朝炯,等.充填开采时上覆岩层的活动规律和稳定性分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):166-169.Liu Changyou,Yang Peiju,Hou Chaojiong,et al.Movement law and stability analysis of overlaying strata under the condition of mining with filling[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):166-169.
[7]郭爱国,张华兴.我国充填采矿现状及发展[J].矿山测量,2005(1):60-61.Guo Aiguo,Zhang Huaxing.The research and development of backfilling mining in China[J]Mine Surveying,2005(1):60-61.
[8]Li Jian,Zhang Jixiong,Huang Yanli,et al.An investigation of surface deformation after fully mechanized,solid back fill mining[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2012,22(2):453-457.
[9]黄艳利,张吉雄,张强,等.充填体压实率对综合机械化固体充填采煤岩层移动控制作用分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(2):162-167.Huang Yanli,Zhang Jixiong,Zhang Qiang,et al.Strata movement control due to bulk factor of backfilling body in fully mechanized backfilling mining face[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(2):162-167.
[10]常庆粮,周华强,柏建彪,等.膏体充填开采覆岩稳定性研究与实践[J].采矿与安全工程报,2011,28(2):179-282.Chang Qingliang,Zhou Huaqiang,Bo Jianbiao,et al.Stability study and practice of overlying strata with paste backfilling[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(2):179-282.
[11]缪协兴,张吉雄,郭广礼.综合机械化固体充填采煤方法与技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):1-6.Miao Xiexing,Zhang Jixiong,Guo Guangli.Study on waste-filling method and technology in fully-mechanized coal[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):1-6.
[12]Zha Jianfeng,Guo Guangli,Feng Wenkai,et al.Mining subsidence control by solid backfilling under buildings[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21:670-674.
[13]Xu Jialin,Xuan Dayang,He Changchun.Innovative backfilling longwall panel layout for better subsidence control effect-separating adjacent subcritical panels with pillars[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2014,1(3):297-305.
[14]郭文兵,邓喀中,邹友峰.我国条带开采的研究现状与主要问题[J].煤炭科学技术,2004,32(8):6-11.Guo Wenbing,Deng Kazhong,Zou Youfeng.Research status and main issues of strip mining in china[J].Coal Science and Technology,2004,32(8):6-11.
[15]胡炳南.条带开采中煤柱稳定性分析[J].煤炭学报,1995,20(2):205-210.Hu Bingnan.Stability analysis of strip mining coal pillar[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1995,20(2):205-210.
[16]何满潮,邹友峰.条带煤柱的抗滑稳定性分析[J].水文地质工程地质,1993(6):1-4.He Manchao,Zou Youfeng.Analysis of slide stability for strip pillars[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1993(6):1-4.
[17]刘义新,戴华阳,郭文兵.巨厚松散层下深部宽条带开采地表移动规律[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(3):336-340.Liu Yixin,Dai Huayang,Guo Wenbing.Surface movement laws of deep wide strip-pillar mining under thick alluvium[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(3):336-340.
[18]郭文兵.深部大采宽条带开采地表移动的预计[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(4):368-372.Guo Wenbing.Surface movement predicting problems of deep strip pillar mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(4):368-372.
[19]余伟健,王卫军.矸石充填整体置换“三下”煤柱引起的岩层移动与二次稳定理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):110-117.Yu Weijian,Wang Weijun.Strata movement induced by coal-pillar under three circumstances exchanged by gangue backfill and quadratic stability law[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):110-117.
[20]谢文兵,史振凡,陈晓祥,等.部分充填开采围岩活动规律分析[J].中国矿业大学报,2004,33(2):162-165.Xie Wenbing,Shi Zhenfan,Chen Xiaoxiang,et al.Analysis of surrounding rock activities in partial backfill mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):162-165.
[21]Guo Guangli,Zha Jianfeng,Wu Bin,et al.Study of“3-step mining”subsidence control in coal mining under buildings[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,17(3):316-320.