厚松散层高强度开采岩层与地表移动模拟
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摘要
为研究厚松散层高强度开采引起的岩层与地表移动,对霍宝干河矿某工作面的覆岩破坏及地表沉降进行三维数值模拟,得到该高强度开采工作面在不同推进距离时采空区上覆岩层的塑性区和垂直位移分布云图。对覆岩破坏特征及地表沉降进行了综合分析。用概率积分法和现场实测值验证数值模拟的有效性。结果表明:3种方法得到的地表沉降值接近;覆岩破坏发育过程可划分为4个阶段:起始阶段、缓增阶段、突增阶段和终止阶段;覆岩破坏边界呈正八字形,厚松散层移动边界呈倒八字形,最终呈现出"类沙漏"形岩体与地表移动边界。
To study the movement of both rock mass and surface caused by high-intensity mining under thick loose layer,3 D numerical simulations were carried out for a certain working face in Huobaoganhe Coal Mine taken as a sample. Distribution of overburden failure plastic zone and that of as a function of the vertical stress advance distance were obtained. Characteristics of overburden failure and surface subsidence were analyzed comprehensively. The effectiveness of the numerical simulations was verified by means of the probability integral method and the field measured values. The research results show that the predicted surface subsidence values of the above three methods are close together,and thus the numerical simulation results are credible,that the process of overburden failure is divided into four stages: an initial stage,a slowly increasing stage,a suddenly increasing stage and an ending stage,and that the failure boundary of overlying strata is like a Chinese character corresponding to the word of eight,while that of the moving boundary of thick loose layer looks like an inverted Chinese character corresponding to the word of eight,and a " hourglass" shape is formed by the two boundaries.
To study the movement of both rock mass and surface caused by high-intensity mining under thick loose layer,3 D numerical simulations were carried out for a certain working face in Huobaoganhe Coal Mine taken as a sample. Distribution of overburden failure plastic zone and that of as a function of the vertical stress advance distance were obtained. Characteristics of overburden failure and surface subsidence were analyzed comprehensively. The effectiveness of the numerical simulations was verified by means of the probability integral method and the field measured values. The research results show that the predicted surface subsidence values of the above three methods are close together,and thus the numerical simulation results are credible,that the process of overburden failure is divided into four stages: an initial stage,a slowly increasing stage,a suddenly increasing stage and an ending stage,and that the failure boundary of overlying strata is like a Chinese character corresponding to the word of eight,while that of the moving boundary of thick loose layer looks like an inverted Chinese character corresponding to the word of eight,and a " hourglass" shape is formed by the two boundaries.
引文
[1]WU Kan,CHENG Gonglin,ZHOU Dawei.Experimental research on dynamic movement in strata overlying coal mines using similar material modeling[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(9):6 521-6 534.
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[11]吴侃,葛家新,周鸣,等.概率积分法预计模型的某些修正[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(1):35-38.WU Kan,GE Jiaxin,ZHOU Ming,et al.Some modifications of using probability integral method to predicate model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1998,23(1):35-38.
[12]郭文兵,邓喀中,邹友峰.概率积分法预计参数选取的神经网络模型[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(3):322-326.GUO Wenbing,DENG Kazhong,ZOU Youfeng.Artificial neural network model for predicting parameters of probabilityintegral method[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(3):322-326.
[13]ZHOU Dawei,WU Kan,LI Liang,et al.A new approach for studying soil response to subsidence in coal mining areas covered with thick alluvium soil in China[J].International Journal of Applied Earth,2016,75(3):1 067-1 087.
[14]左建平,孙运江,钱鸣高.厚松散层覆岩移动机理及“类双曲线”模型[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1 372-1 379.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,QIAN Minggao.Movement mechanism and analogous hyperbola model of overlying strata with thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1 372-1 379.
[15]滕永海,刘克功.五阳煤矿高强度开采条件下地表移动规律的研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(4):9-15.TENG Yonghai,LIU Kegong.Research on surface ground displacement law under high tension coal mining conditions in Wuyang mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2002,30(4):9-15.
[16]范立民,张晓团,向茂西,等.浅埋煤层高强度开采区地裂缝发育特征:以陕西榆神府矿区为例[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1 442-1 447.FAN Limin,ZHANG Xiaotuan,XIANG Maoxi,et al.Characteristics of ground fissure development in high intensity mining area of shallow seam in Yushenfu coal field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1 442-1 447.
[17]郭文兵,王云广.基于绿色开采的高强度开采定义及其指标体系研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(4):616-623.GUO Wenbing,WANG Yunguang.The definition of high-intensity mining based on green coal mining and its index system[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2017,34(4):616-623.
[18]李春意.覆岩与地表移动变形演化规律的预测理论及实验研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2010.LI Chunyi.Prediction theory and experiment research on overburden and surface movement deformation evolution regulation[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2010.
[2]ZHOU Dawei,WU Kan,CHEN Gonglin,et al.Mechanism of mining subsidence in coal mining area with thick alluvium soil in China[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015,8(4):1 855-1 867.
[3]郭文兵,邓喀中,邹友峰.岩层与地表移动控制技术的研究现状及展望[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,15(1):6-10.GUO Wenbing,DENG Kazhong,ZOU Youfeng.Research status and prospect of the control technology for surface and overlying strata subsidence[J].China Safety Science Journal,2005,15(1):6-10.
[4]王金庄,常占强,陈勇.厚松散层条件下开采程度及地表下沉模式的研究[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(3):230-234.WANG Jinzhuang,CHANG Zhanqiang,CHEN Yong.Study on mining degree and patterns of ground subsidence in condition of mining under thick unconsolidated layers[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(3):230-234.
[5]郭文兵,黄成飞,陈俊杰.厚湿陷黄土层下综放开采动态地表移动特征[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(增1):38-43.GUO Wenbing,HUANG Chengfei,CHEN Junjie.The dynamic surface movement charateristics of fully mechanized caving mining under thick hydrous collapsed loess[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(S1):38-43.
[6]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.岩层控制中的关键层理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(3):225-230.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,XU Jialin.Theoretical study of key stratum in ground control[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1996,21(3):225-230.
[7]许家林,钱鸣高,朱卫兵.覆岩主关键层对地表下沉动态的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):787-791.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao,ZHU Weibing.Study on influences of primary key stratum on surface dynamic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):787-791.
[8]许家林,王晓振,刘文涛,等.覆岩主关键层位置对导水裂隙带高度的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):380-385.XU Jialin,WANG Xiaozhen,LIU Wentao,et al.Effects of primary key stratum location on height of water flowing fracture zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):380-385.
[9]LITWINISZYN J.Statistical methods in the mechanics of granular bodies[J].Rheologica Acta,1958,1(2/3):146-150.
[10]郭文兵,谭志祥,柴华彬,等.煤矿开采损害与保护[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2013:65-67.
[11]吴侃,葛家新,周鸣,等.概率积分法预计模型的某些修正[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(1):35-38.WU Kan,GE Jiaxin,ZHOU Ming,et al.Some modifications of using probability integral method to predicate model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1998,23(1):35-38.
[12]郭文兵,邓喀中,邹友峰.概率积分法预计参数选取的神经网络模型[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(3):322-326.GUO Wenbing,DENG Kazhong,ZOU Youfeng.Artificial neural network model for predicting parameters of probabilityintegral method[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(3):322-326.
[13]ZHOU Dawei,WU Kan,LI Liang,et al.A new approach for studying soil response to subsidence in coal mining areas covered with thick alluvium soil in China[J].International Journal of Applied Earth,2016,75(3):1 067-1 087.
[14]左建平,孙运江,钱鸣高.厚松散层覆岩移动机理及“类双曲线”模型[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1 372-1 379.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,QIAN Minggao.Movement mechanism and analogous hyperbola model of overlying strata with thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1 372-1 379.
[15]滕永海,刘克功.五阳煤矿高强度开采条件下地表移动规律的研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(4):9-15.TENG Yonghai,LIU Kegong.Research on surface ground displacement law under high tension coal mining conditions in Wuyang mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2002,30(4):9-15.
[16]范立民,张晓团,向茂西,等.浅埋煤层高强度开采区地裂缝发育特征:以陕西榆神府矿区为例[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1 442-1 447.FAN Limin,ZHANG Xiaotuan,XIANG Maoxi,et al.Characteristics of ground fissure development in high intensity mining area of shallow seam in Yushenfu coal field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1 442-1 447.
[17]郭文兵,王云广.基于绿色开采的高强度开采定义及其指标体系研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(4):616-623.GUO Wenbing,WANG Yunguang.The definition of high-intensity mining based on green coal mining and its index system[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2017,34(4):616-623.
[18]李春意.覆岩与地表移动变形演化规律的预测理论及实验研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2010.LI Chunyi.Prediction theory and experiment research on overburden and surface movement deformation evolution regulation[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2010.