浅埋煤层综采(综放)条件下地表移动变形特征分析
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摘要
在整理统计和分析大量文献资料的基础上,总结了浅埋煤层综采(综放)条件下地表移动时空特征,探讨了浅埋煤层综采(综放)条件下地表移动机理。研究结果表明,深厚比小于40时,地表变形突陷性增大,规律性减弱,具有突陷性和连续性二象性,但总体上仍具有较强的规律性。突陷性主要表现为地表移动形式的塌陷坑、塌陷槽、裂缝等非连续性以及地表移动时间、下沉量等的偶然性。总体上,深厚比越大,连续性越强,深厚比越小,突陷性越强。根据研究结果提出了两个观点:综采(综放)条件下,深厚比40宜作为地表移动连续性的界限;深厚比小于40时,综采(综放)条件下预计地表移动持续时间不超过1. 85倍采深。
Based on the statistics and analysis of a large number of documents,the spatial-temporal characteristics of shallow coal seam surface subsidence under fully-mechanized coal mining( fully-mechanized top-coal caving) are summarized,and the mechanism of surface movement is explored. The results show that,when the depth-thickness ratio is less than 40,the unexpected surface subsidence increases,the regular surface subsidence decreases,and it has two iconicity of unexpectedness and continuity,but it still has strong regularity generally. The unexpectedness is mainly manifested by the discontinuity of surface movement in the collapse pit,the collapse trough,the fissure and so on,as well as the occasionality of surface movement lasting time,the sinking quantity and so on. In general,the greater depth-thickness ratio is,surface subsidence continuity is the stronger,the smaller the depth-thickness ratio is,and unexpected surface subsidence form is the stronger.Two view points are put forward according to the study results : under fully mechanized mining( fully-mechanized top-coal caving),depth-thickness ratio can be used as the surface movement boundary between continuity and discontinuity; under fully mechanized mining( fully-mechanized top-coal caving),when the depth-thickness ratio is less than 40,the surface movement lasting time can be estimated within 1. 85 times of mining depth.
Based on the statistics and analysis of a large number of documents,the spatial-temporal characteristics of shallow coal seam surface subsidence under fully-mechanized coal mining( fully-mechanized top-coal caving) are summarized,and the mechanism of surface movement is explored. The results show that,when the depth-thickness ratio is less than 40,the unexpected surface subsidence increases,the regular surface subsidence decreases,and it has two iconicity of unexpectedness and continuity,but it still has strong regularity generally. The unexpectedness is mainly manifested by the discontinuity of surface movement in the collapse pit,the collapse trough,the fissure and so on,as well as the occasionality of surface movement lasting time,the sinking quantity and so on. In general,the greater depth-thickness ratio is,surface subsidence continuity is the stronger,the smaller the depth-thickness ratio is,and unexpected surface subsidence form is the stronger.Two view points are put forward according to the study results : under fully mechanized mining( fully-mechanized top-coal caving),depth-thickness ratio can be used as the surface movement boundary between continuity and discontinuity; under fully mechanized mining( fully-mechanized top-coal caving),when the depth-thickness ratio is less than 40,the surface movement lasting time can be estimated within 1. 85 times of mining depth.
引文
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[20]赵宏珠.浅埋采动煤层工作面矿压规律研究[J].矿山压力与顶板,1996(2):23-26.
[2]何国清,杨伦,凌赓娣,等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1991.
[3]GB 51044—2014,煤矿采空区岩土工程勘察规范[S].
[4]DB33/T 1065—2009,工程建设岩土工程勘察规范[S].
[5]王军,赵欢欢,刘晶歌.薄基岩浅埋煤层工作面地表动态移动规律研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2016,43(1):21-25.
[6]李春永.浅埋综放开采地表移动变形规律研究[J].矿山测量,2013,4(8):77-81.
[7]杜善周.神东矿区大规模开采的地表移动及环境修复技术研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2010.
[8]陈凯.东胜煤田浅埋煤层开采地表移动规律研究[D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2015.
[9]陈凯,张俊英,贾新果,等.浅埋煤层综采工作面地表移动规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术, 2015, 43(4)127-130,70.
[10]王鹏.韩家湾煤矿大采高开采地表移动变形规律研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2012.
[11]余学义,王鹏,李星亮.大采高浅埋煤层开采地表移动变形特征研究[J].煤炭工程,2012,44(7):61-67.
[12]郭佐宁.张家峁煤矿15201综采工作面地表移动规律研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2015.
[13]杨传福.三道沟煤矿一期采空区地表沉陷危险性分析[D].西安:西安科技大学,2016.
[14]朱庆伟,蒋军,张润安,等.大采高浅埋深煤层覆岩破坏规律数值模拟[J].煤炭工程,2013,45(11):75-78.
[15]胡振琪,王新静,贺安民.风积沙区采煤沉陷地裂缝分布特征与发生发育规律[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):11-18.
[16]孙继凯.串草圪旦煤矿6204回采工作面岩移观测[J].水力采煤与管道运输,2012,(3):75-76.
[17]范立民,张晓团,向茂西,等.浅埋煤层高强度开采区地裂缝发育特征——以陕西榆神府矿区为例[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1442-1447.
[18]李金华.浅埋煤层采场覆岩破坏及地表移动规律研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2017.
[19]高杨.浅埋煤层关键层破断运动对覆岩移动的影响分析[D].西安:西安科技大学,2010.
[20]赵宏珠.浅埋采动煤层工作面矿压规律研究[J].矿山压力与顶板,1996(2):23-26.