不同下垫面垂直风切变特征对比
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摘要
利用中国西北、北方东部和南方地区的10个测风塔风速资料,研究了不同区域风切变的特征及差异.结果表明,西北、北方东部和南方垂直风切变存在明显的年变化和日变化,秋冬季大、春夏季小;夜间大,白天小;风切变的年变化和日变化与边界层稳定度的年变化、日变化有关.风切变的大小与下垫面有关,下垫面平缓地区风切变比较小,地形起伏大的地区风切变比较大.海滨地区的垂直风切变值明显大于内陆.
The wind speed data of 10 wind towers in northwestern China, east of northern China and southern China were used to study the characteristics and differences of wind shear in different regions and the main results were: in general, the vertical wind shear of 10 wind towers in the three representative regions of the northwest, eastern part and southern part of the country showed obvious annual and diurnal changes, large in fall and winter seasons and small in spring and summer seasons; large at night and small in the daytime. The annual and diurnal variations of wind shear were related to the annual and diurnal changes in boundary layer stability. The values of wind shear were also related to the underlying surfaces.The wind shear was relatively small in the areas with a low underlying surface, and larger in the regions with large undulations. The vertical wind shear in coastal areas was significantly greater than inland.
The wind speed data of 10 wind towers in northwestern China, east of northern China and southern China were used to study the characteristics and differences of wind shear in different regions and the main results were: in general, the vertical wind shear of 10 wind towers in the three representative regions of the northwest, eastern part and southern part of the country showed obvious annual and diurnal changes, large in fall and winter seasons and small in spring and summer seasons; large at night and small in the daytime. The annual and diurnal variations of wind shear were related to the annual and diurnal changes in boundary layer stability. The values of wind shear were also related to the underlying surfaces.The wind shear was relatively small in the areas with a low underlying surface, and larger in the regions with large undulations. The vertical wind shear in coastal areas was significantly greater than inland.
引文
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[23]李何平.分时段及分方向风切变分析在风能资源评估中的应用[J].水力发电, 2015, 41(3):76-79.
[24]徐宝清,吴婷婷.风资源评估中风切变指数的研究[J].电力科学与工程, 2014, 30(7):73-78.
[2]申华羽,吴息,谢今范,等.近地层风能参数随高度分布的推算方法研究[J].气象, 2009, 35(7):54-60.
[3]雷孝恩.风垂直切变对中距离扩散特征的影响[J].大气科学, 1983, 7(2):171-178.
[4]刘学军,吴丹军.城市建筑群对底层大气风速廓线影响的统计分析[J].气象, 1991, 17(7):14-18.
[5]赵鸣,唐有华,刘学军.天津塔层风切变研究[J].气象,1996, 22(1):7-12.
[6]黄倩,王蓉.风切变对边界层对流影响的大涡模拟研究[J].气象学报, 2014, 72(1):100-115.
[7]刘敏,孙杰,杨宏青,等.湖北省不同地形条件下风随高度变化研究[J].气象, 2010, 36(4):63-67.
[8]杜燕军,冯长青.风切变指数在风电场风资源评估中的应用[J].电网与清洁能源, 2010, 26(5):62-66.
[9]贺志明,聂秋生,刘熙明,等.鄱阳湖区近地层风能资源特征研究[J].资源科学, 2011, 33(1):184-191.
[10]李雁,梁海河,王曙东,等.基于中国风能资源专业观测网的近地层风切变日变化特征[J].自然资源学报,2012, 27(8):1362-1372.
[11]郑崇伟,胡秋良,苏勤,等.国内外海上风能资源研究进展[J].海洋开发与管理, 2014(4):25-32.
[12]龚强,汪宏宇,朱玲,等.辽宁省近地层风切变特征研究[J].自然资源学报, 2015, 30(9):1560-1569.
[13]彭王敏子,陈胜东,姚琳.江西省高山风场风能资源评价中风切变指数的研究[J].江西科学, 2014, 32(5):613-616.
[14]宋丽莉,毛慧琴,汤海燕,等.广东沿海近地层大风特性的观测分析[J].热带气象学报, 2004, 20(6):731-736.
[15]张桂英,何飞. H-6飞机在低空风切变中的动态响应特性和下滑航迹的研究[J].飞行力学, 1991, 9(2):32-38.
[16]武虎子,唐长红,耿建中.大型运输机在风切变环境中的告警规避分析[J].飞行力学, 2013, 31(2):105-109.
[17] Gualtieri G. Atmospheric stability varying wind shear coefficients to improve wind resource extrapolation:a temporal analysis[J]. Renewable Energy, 2016, 87(1):376-390.
[18] Bardal L M, S?tran L R, Wangsness E. Performance test of a 3 MW wind turbine:effects of shear and turbulence[J]. Energy Procedia, 2015, 80(2):83-91.
[19]吕美促,彭永清.动力气象学教程[M].北京:气象出版社, 1990:158.
[20]王承煦,张源.风力发电[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.
[21]苏志勇,尤扬.关于幂定律风切变公式的应用研究[J].风能, 2014(1):96-99.
[22]张玉良,杨从新,李仁年,等.风速梯度对风力机设计影响的理论分析[J].兰州理工大学学报, 2007, 33(3):55-57.
[23]李何平.分时段及分方向风切变分析在风能资源评估中的应用[J].水力发电, 2015, 41(3):76-79.
[24]徐宝清,吴婷婷.风资源评估中风切变指数的研究[J].电力科学与工程, 2014, 30(7):73-78.