塔河油田蓬莱坝组异常地震特征及地质成因分析
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摘要
为寻找塔河油田奥陶系蓬莱坝组优质白云岩储层,利用三维地震资料与正演模拟开展了异常地震特征识别,并进行了地质成因分析。结果表明:(1)蓬莱坝组异常地震特征表现为多层、短连续的强反射,外部形态为块状或层状,分布于断裂单侧或双侧,纵向受层位约束,多终止于蓬莱坝组顶部不整合面之下;(2)强反射地震相总体上发育于构造主体部位,平面上呈3个有利区带,其中在塔河油田中北部与西北部均较发育,展布方向与深大断裂一致,呈NE与NNW向;(3)强反射地震相的主要成因机制为断裂-热液作用,其宏观上受控于构造格局,发育于构造高部位,深大断裂是热液流体的主要运移通道,向上终止于上覆的致密盖层。因此,蓬莱坝组优质白云岩储层为热液成因,强反射特征为该套优质白云岩储层在地震上的重要识别标志。
In order to find high-quality dolomite reservoirs of the Ordovician Penglaiba Formation in Tahe Oilfield,three-dimensional seismic data and forward modeling were used to identify the anomalous seismic fea-tures,and geological genesis analysis was carried out. The results show that:(1)the anomalous seismic facies of Penglaiba Formation are characterized by multi-layered,short-continuous strong reflection,massive or layered external forms,distributed on one or both sides of faults,longitudinally constrained by horizon,and mostly terminated under the unconformity surface at the top of Penglaiba Formation.(2)The strong reflection seismic facies generally developed in the main part of the structure,and there are three favorable zones on the plane,which are relatively developed in the north-central and northwestern Tahe Oilfield. The distribution direction is consistent with deepfaults,showing NE and NNW directions.(3)Fault-hydrothermal process is the main genetic mechanism of the strong reflection seismic facies which is macroscopically controlled by tectonic framework and developed in the high part of structure. The deep faults are the main transport channels of hydrothermal fluids and terminate upwards in the overlying tight caprock. Therefore,high-quality dolomite reservoirs developed in Penglaiba Formation are of hydrothermal genesis,and the strong seismic reflection is an important seismic identification mark for high-quality dolomite reservoirs.
In order to find high-quality dolomite reservoirs of the Ordovician Penglaiba Formation in Tahe Oilfield,three-dimensional seismic data and forward modeling were used to identify the anomalous seismic fea-tures,and geological genesis analysis was carried out. The results show that:(1)the anomalous seismic facies of Penglaiba Formation are characterized by multi-layered,short-continuous strong reflection,massive or layered external forms,distributed on one or both sides of faults,longitudinally constrained by horizon,and mostly terminated under the unconformity surface at the top of Penglaiba Formation.(2)The strong reflection seismic facies generally developed in the main part of the structure,and there are three favorable zones on the plane,which are relatively developed in the north-central and northwestern Tahe Oilfield. The distribution direction is consistent with deepfaults,showing NE and NNW directions.(3)Fault-hydrothermal process is the main genetic mechanism of the strong reflection seismic facies which is macroscopically controlled by tectonic framework and developed in the high part of structure. The deep faults are the main transport channels of hydrothermal fluids and terminate upwards in the overlying tight caprock. Therefore,high-quality dolomite reservoirs developed in Penglaiba Formation are of hydrothermal genesis,and the strong seismic reflection is an important seismic identification mark for high-quality dolomite reservoirs.
引文
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[2]刘伟,黄擎宇,王坤,等.深埋藏阶段白云岩化作用及其对储层的影响——以塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩为例.天然气地球科学,2016,27(5):772-779.LIU W,HUANG Q Y,WANG K,et al. Dolomization and influence on reservoir development in deep-burial stage:a case study of Lower Paleozoic in Tarim Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(5):772-779.
[3]刘红光,刘波,吴双林,等.塔里木盆地玉北地区蓬莱坝组白云岩类型及成因.岩石学报,2017,33(4):1233-1242.LIU H G,LIU B,WU S L,et al. The types and origin of the Penglaiba Formation dolomite in the Yubei area,Tarim Basin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2017,33(4):1233-1242.
[4]朱松柏,王洪峰,王胜军,等.玉北地区深部热液活动的发现及其储层改造意义.岩性油气藏,2016,28(3):42-47.ZHU S B,WANG H F,WANG S J,et al. Hydrothermal activities of Ordovician and its significance for alteration to carbonate reservoirs in Yubei area. Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(3):42-47.
[5]杨海军,李开开,潘文庆,等.塔中地区奥陶系埋藏热液溶蚀流体活动及其对深部储层的改造作用.岩石学报,2012,28(3):783-792.YANG H J,LI K K,PAN W Q,et al. Burial hydrothermal dissolution fluid activity and its transforming effect on the reservoirs in Ordovician in central Tarim. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(3):783-792.
[6]朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄.塔北地区下奥陶统白云岩热液重结晶作用及其油气储集意义.中国科学:D辑地球科学,2010,40(2):156-170.ZHU D Y,JIN Z J,HU W X. Hydrothermal recrystallization of the Lower Ordovician dolomite and its significance to reservoir in northern Tarim Basin. Science in China:Series D Earth Sciences,2010,40(2):156-170.
[7]程飞.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏储层类型动静态识别方法——以塔里木盆地奥陶系为例.岩性油气藏,2017,29(3):76-82.CHENG F. Integrated dynamic and static identification method of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs:a case from the Ordovician in Tarim Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(3):76-82.
[8]李坤白,云露,蒲仁海,等.塔东顺南1井区火山活动与断裂及热液作用关系.地球物理学进展,2016,31(5):1934-1946.LI K B,YUN L,PU R H,et al. Relationship between volcanic activity and fault,hydrothermalism in Shunnan-1 3 D well zone in Tadong area,Tarim Basin. Progress in Geophysics,2016,31(5):1934-1946.
[9]康玉柱.中国海相油气田勘探实例之四塔里木盆地塔河油田的发现与勘探.海相油气地质,2005,10(4):31-38.KANG Y Z. Cause of discover and exploration of marine fields in China(Part 4):Tahe Oilfield in Tarim Basin,China. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(4):31-38.
[10]陈明,许效松,万方,等.塔里木盆地柯坪地区中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩露头层序地层学研究.沉积学报,2004,22(1):110-116.CHEN M,XU X S,WAN F,et al. Study on outcrop sequence stratigraphy of the Lower-Middle Ordovician strata in Keping Tarim Basin. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2004,22(1):110-116.
[11]卢勉.基于地层地震属性切片技术的储层精细描述方法——以长垣北一区断东西块高Ⅰ油层组为例.东北石油大学学报,2015,39(4):62-70.LU M. Reservoir fine description based on stratal slice technique:Taking the GaoⅠoil layer group for example in the west block of Beiyiquduandong in Placanticline Oilfield. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2015,39(4):62-70.
[12]唐晓川.地震属性技术研究及其在桑塔木油气勘探中应用.武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2002.TANG X C. The study on seismic attribute and its application to oil&gas exploration in Sangtamu area. Wuhan:China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),2002.
[13]陈冬.地震多属性分析及其在储层预测中的应用研究.北京:中国地质大学(北京),2008.CHEN D. Research on seismic multi-attributes analysis and its application in reservoir predict. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2008.
[14]陈红汉,鲁子野,曹自成,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区北坡奥陶系热液蚀变作用.石油学报,2016,37(1):43-63.CHEN H H,LU Z Y,CAO Z C,et al. Hydrothermal alteration of Ordovician reservoir in northeastern slope of Tazhong uplift,Tarim Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):43-63.
[15]金之钧,朱东亚,胡文瑄,等.塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储层影响.地质学报,2006,80(2):245-253.JIN Z J,ZHU D Y,HU W X,et al. Geological and geochemical signatures of hydrothermal activity and their Influence on carbonate reservoir beds in the Tarim Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(2):245-253.
[16]乔冀超.塔深1井寒武系白云岩储层特征及其地球化学特征研究.四川:成都理工大学,2008.QIAO J C. Study on the characteristics and geochemical characteristics of the Cambrian dolomite reservoir in the Tashen 1 well.Sichuan:Chengdu University of Technology,2008.
[17]邵小明,文山师,刘存革,等.塔河油田下寒武统肖尔布拉克组构造控制热液白云岩储层分布与勘探前景.地质科技情报,2017,36(2):146-150.SHAO X M,WEN S S,LIU C G,et al. Distribution and exploration prospect of structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir in Xiaoerbulake Formation of lower Cambrian,Tahe Oilfield. Geological Science and Technology Information,2017,36(2):146-150.
[18]符浩,李国蓉,陈兰朴,等.热液地质作用研究现状综述.石油化工应用,2015,34(12):3-7.HU H,LI G R,CHEN L P,et al. Hydrothermal geological progress research status overview. Petrochemical Industry Application,2015,34(12):3-7.
[19]焦存礼,何治亮,邢秀娟,等.塔里木盆地构造热液白云岩及其储层意义.岩石学报,2011,27(1):277-284.JIAO C L,HE Z L,XING X J,et al. Tectonic hydrothermal dolomite and its significance of reservoirs in Tarim Basin. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(1):277-284.
[20]郑剑锋,沈安江,潘文庆,等.塔里木盆地下古生界热液白云岩储层的主控因素及识别特征.海相油气地质,2011,16(4):47-56.ZHENG J F,SHEN A J,PAN W Q,et al. Key controlling factors and identification characteristics of Lower Paleozoic hydrothermal dolostone reservoirs in Tarim Basin. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2011,16(4):47-56.
[21]张小兵,吕海涛,赵锡奎,等.塔河油田中下奥陶统顶面古构造演化及油气关系.石油实验地质,2011,33(3):233-238.ZHANG X B,LYU H T,ZHAO X K,et al. Paleostructural evolution of lower—middle Ordovician top and its relationship with hydrocarbon in Tahe Oilfield. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,33(3):233-238.
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