基于GF-1影像的西藏亚东地区构造解译研究
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摘要
随着地质调查工作精度的提高,中低分辨率的遥感影像已难以满足地质构造深入解译的需求。高分一号(GF-1)影像的应用为提高地质构造解译尺度提供了数据基础,特别是在人车通达性较差的地区,可大大减少野外工作量。为此,以地质构造发育的西藏亚东地区为研究区,利用GF-1影像,在分析已有地质资料基础上,构建了研究区的断裂形成机制模型,并结合地形地貌特征,对研究区的地质构造进行遥感解译。结果显示:(1)研究区内解译新增断裂418条;(2)受SN向应力挤压机制影响,形成于中新世晚期的EW走向断裂为主要断裂,其性质为逆冲断层,EW向应力的引张作用,形成了研究区SN向、NE向断裂,并具有多期活动特点;(3)河流和湖泊受断裂控制明显,河流多成SN向,位于逆冲断层上盘的隆升造成了区内河流和湖泊的水位降低。
With the precision improvement of geological survey work,moderate and low resolution remote sensing images can no longer meet the scale requirement of geological structure interpretation. The application of GF-1 satellite images provides data foundation for improving geological structure interpretation scale,especially in the remote and inaccessible areas,and significantly reduces the amount of field work. Therefore,the authors chose Tibetan Yadong region as the study area where geological structures are well developed. Using GF-1 satellite images,the authors established the model of fault formation mechanism in the study area based on the analysis of previous geological materials. Considering the features of regional topographic and geomorphic conditions,the authors conducted remote sensing interpretation for geological structure in the study area. The results showed that:(1) Within the study area,418 faults were interpreted.(2)Under the impact of south-north tectonic compress stress,the major east-west fault was formed during Late Miocene,which was a thrust fault. Under the stretch effect of east-west compress stress,the south-north and north-east faults were formed within the study area,with multistage structural activities.(3) Rivers and lakes were significantly controlled by faults,among which the rivers were most likely originated in south-north direction. In addition,the uplift of the hanging wall of the thrust fault causes the decline of water table within the study area.
With the precision improvement of geological survey work,moderate and low resolution remote sensing images can no longer meet the scale requirement of geological structure interpretation. The application of GF-1 satellite images provides data foundation for improving geological structure interpretation scale,especially in the remote and inaccessible areas,and significantly reduces the amount of field work. Therefore,the authors chose Tibetan Yadong region as the study area where geological structures are well developed. Using GF-1 satellite images,the authors established the model of fault formation mechanism in the study area based on the analysis of previous geological materials. Considering the features of regional topographic and geomorphic conditions,the authors conducted remote sensing interpretation for geological structure in the study area. The results showed that:(1) Within the study area,418 faults were interpreted.(2)Under the impact of south-north tectonic compress stress,the major east-west fault was formed during Late Miocene,which was a thrust fault. Under the stretch effect of east-west compress stress,the south-north and north-east faults were formed within the study area,with multistage structural activities.(3) Rivers and lakes were significantly controlled by faults,among which the rivers were most likely originated in south-north direction. In addition,the uplift of the hanging wall of the thrust fault causes the decline of water table within the study area.
引文
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[2]杨金中,王海庆,陈微.西昆仑成矿带高分辨率遥感调查主要进展与成果[J].中国地质调查,2016,3(5):7-12.
[3]张志,杨金中,张高华,等.生态文明视角下的湖北省东部矿山地质环境遥感调查与分析[J].中国地质调查,2016,3(5):21-27.
[4]强建华,于浩.新疆矿山环境遥感监测成果综述[J].中国地质调查,2016,3(5):28-34.
[5]路云阁,王昊,刘采.西藏东部地区矿产资源开发环境遥感监测成果[J].中国地质调查,2016,3(5):35-40.
[6]杨显华,黄洁,田立,等.四川省矿山遥感监测主要成果与进展[J].中国地质调查,2016,3(5):41-47.
[7]董双发,梁鑫,吴蔚,等.内蒙古西部地区矿山遥感调查与监测[J].中国地质调查,2016,3(5):48-53.
[8]薛庆,吴蔚,李名松,等.遥感技术在辽宁省矿山环境监测中的应用[J].中国地质调查,2016,3(5):54-59.
[9]杨金中.遥感技术在工程地质选址工作中的应用[J].国土资源遥感,2007,19(4):90-94.
[10]许冲,戴福初,陈剑,等.汶川Ms8.0地震重灾区次生地质灾害遥感精细解译[J].遥感学报,2009,13(4):754-762.
[11]张瑞丝,陈建平,曾敏.基于Worldview-II遥感影像的西藏改则地区断裂构造解译研究及应用[J].遥感技术与应用,2012,27(2):265-274.
[12]马丹,吴中海,李家存,等.川西理塘断裂带的空间展布与第四纪左旋走滑活动的遥感影像标志[J].地质学报,2014,88(8):1417-1435.
[13]甘甫平,王润生,马蔼乃,等.遥感地质信息提取集成与矿物遥感地质分析模型[J].遥感学报,2003,7(3):207-213.
[14]白照广.高分一号卫星的技术特点[J].中国航天,2003(8):5-9.
[15]中国地质调查局成都地质矿产研究所.1∶150万青藏高原及邻区地质图[M].成都:中国地质调查局成都地质矿产研究所.