潜山微小断层的表征方法
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摘要
P油田花岗岩潜山微小断层发育,伴随微小断层形成的构造缝沟通了各类孔隙,形成了良好的储集空间。因此,微小断层的表征是花岗岩潜山储层有效开发的关键。通过微小断层的成因分析,对比不同地震属性,明确曲率属性可以反映微小断层的展布,但效果受地震资料品质的影响。针对P油田花岗岩潜山微小断层的特点,基于成因分析提出一套叠后地震数据微小断层表征的综合方法。首先应用断层加强处理技术压制随机噪音并增强断层边界,进而利用曲率属性进行微小断层的识别,最后对P油田花岗岩潜山的微小断层进行精细表征,并通过钻井实际结果验证了该套微小断层表征方法的合理性。
The P oilfield granite buried hill develops small faults.There are tectonic fractures with small faults.Good reservoir space is formed within the granite rock mass.Therefore,the characterization of small faults is the key to develop granite buried hill reservoir effectively.According to the cause analysis of small faults and the comparion of different attributes,this study puts forward a comprehensive method of describing small fault by post-stack seismic data.Curvature can show the distribution of small faults but the effect of curvature is influenced by the quality of seismic data.Fault enhancement filter is applied to suppress random noise and enhance the fault boundary firstly.Based on the fault enhancement filter,curvature is used to identify the small faults.At last,small faults are shown finely,and actual drilling results verify the rationality of the set of method to describe the small fault.
The P oilfield granite buried hill develops small faults.There are tectonic fractures with small faults.Good reservoir space is formed within the granite rock mass.Therefore,the characterization of small faults is the key to develop granite buried hill reservoir effectively.According to the cause analysis of small faults and the comparion of different attributes,this study puts forward a comprehensive method of describing small fault by post-stack seismic data.Curvature can show the distribution of small faults but the effect of curvature is influenced by the quality of seismic data.Fault enhancement filter is applied to suppress random noise and enhance the fault boundary firstly.Based on the fault enhancement filter,curvature is used to identify the small faults.At last,small faults are shown finely,and actual drilling results verify the rationality of the set of method to describe the small fault.
引文
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[23]郑浩,王月杰.渤海潜山裂缝性油藏高效开发策略研究[J].油气藏评价与开发,2017,7(4):1-6.ZHENG Hao,WANG Yuejie.Study on efficient development strategy of fractured buildups in Bohai sea[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2017,7(4):1-6.(in Chinese)
[2]肖开宇,胡祥云.正演模拟技术在地震解释中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2009,6(4):2-6.XIAO Kaiyu,HU Xiangyun.Forward seismic modeling technology in the application of interpretation[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2009,6(4):2-6.(in Chinese)
[3]付雷,田晓东,闫庆学.相干体技术在三维地震资料中的应用[J].世界地质,2000,19(3):279-281.FU Lei,TIAN Xiaodong,YAN Qingxue.The technique of the coherence cube in 3-D seismic data[J].World Geology,2000,19(3):279-281.(in Chinese)
[4]侯伯刚,乌达巴拉,杨再沿.地震相干体技术简介及其应用[J].现代地质,1999,13(1):121-124.HOU Bogang,WUDA Bala,YANG Zaiyan.Seismic coherence cube technology and its application[J].Geoscience,1999,13(1):121-124.(in Chinese)
[5]BERGBAUER S,MUKERJI T,HENNINGS P.Improving curvature analyses of deformed horizons using scale-dependent filtering techniques[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87:1255-1272.
[6]KLEIN P,RICHARD L,JAMES H.3Dcurvature attributes:a new approach for seismic interpretation[J].First Break,2008,26:105-112.
[7]KEATING D P,FISCHER M P.An experimental evaluation of the curvature-strain relation in fault-related folds[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(7):869-884.
[8]GANGULY N,DEARBORN D,MOORE M,et al.Application of seismic curvature attribute in the appraisal of the Tishrine-west field,north-east Syria[J].CSEG Recorder,2009,35(6):29-43.
[9]COLORNI A,DORIGO M,MANIEZZO V,et al.Distributed optimization by ant colonies[C]∥Proceedings of European Conference on Artificial Life.Paris,France:Elsevier Publishing,1991:134-142.
[10]DORIGO M,GAMBARDELLA I.M.Ant colony system:acooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem[J].IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,1997,1(1):53-66.
[11]王焕,刘雪梅,冯方,等.亚诺斯前陆盆地油气成藏特征分析[J].中国科技论文,2017,12(3):283-289.WANG Huan,LIU Xuemei,FENG Fang,et al.Oil and gas accumulation characteristics of Llanos Forland basin[J].China Sciencepaper,2017,12(3):283-289.(in Chinese)
[12]李雪.裂缝性油气藏储层综合表征体系综述[J].中国科技论文,2015,10(15):1861-1870.LI Xue.A review on comprehensive characteristics of fractured reservoirs[J].China Sciencepaper,2015,10(15):1861-1870.(in Chinese)
[13]YAN Z,GU H M,CAI C G.Automatic fault tracking based on ant colony algorithms[J].Computers and Geosciences,2013,51:269-281.
[14]汪勇.裂缝油气藏储层预测方法及应用研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2013.WANG Yong.Prediction method and its application of the fractured oil and gas reservoirs[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2013.(in Chinese)
[15]LI Z H.Application of adaptive median filtering to image denoising of Dongba manuscripts[J].Journal of Beijing Information Science and Technology University,2015,30:36-39.
[16]陈可洋,吴沛熹,杨微.扩散滤波方法在地震资料处理中的应用研究[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(1):117-121.CHEN Keyang,WU Peixi,YANG Wei.Application of diffusion filtering method to the seismic data processing[J].Lithologic Reservoir,2014,26(1):117-121.(in Chinese)
[17]SONG J.Application of seismic attributes in prediction of small fault and fracture-developed zone[J].Mining Safety and Environmental Protection,2014,41:32-40.
[18]YANG R.Prediction technology of micro fractures by occurrence-controlled and body and its application[J].Goal Geology and Exploration,2013,41:72-75.
[19]霍宇琦,何幼斌,董桂玉,等.北部湾盆地涠洲10-3油田及围区流三段Ⅳ油组沉积相特征[EB/OL].[2014-01-15].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201401-671.HUO Yuqi,HE Youbin,DONG Guiyu,et al.Characteristics of sedimentary facies of the fouth oil group of Liu-3Member in WZ10-3oilfield and surrounding areas in Beibuwan Basin[EB/OL].[2014-01-15].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201401-671.(in Chinese)
[20]吴胜和.储层表征与建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:69-81.WU Shenghe.Reservoir characterization and modeling[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:69-81.(in Chinese)
[21]童凯军,李波,戴卫华.渤海海域变质岩潜山油藏稀井网高效开发技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(4):590-599.TONG Kaijun,LI Bo,DAI Weihua.High efficient development technology of metamorphic buried hill reservoir well network in Bohai[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(4):590-599.(in Chinese)
[22]罗宪波,李云鹏,葛丽珍.变质岩潜山裂缝油藏高效开发技术研究与实践[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(3):91-96.LUO Xianbo,LI Yunpeng,GE Lizhen.Research and practice on efficient development technology of metamorphic buried hill fractured reservoirs[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(3):91-96.(in Chinese)
[23]郑浩,王月杰.渤海潜山裂缝性油藏高效开发策略研究[J].油气藏评价与开发,2017,7(4):1-6.ZHENG Hao,WANG Yuejie.Study on efficient development strategy of fractured buildups in Bohai sea[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2017,7(4):1-6.(in Chinese)