金沙江巧家段冲积物动态图像法粒度特征研究
|
摘要
图像法作为国际地科联唯一推荐的粒度分析方法,长期受制于样本量不足的问题。基于新型快速成像和处理技术的动态图像法可在短时间内为样品建立海量颗粒的粒度粒形数据库,为天然沉积物粒度特征的直观表达开辟了广阔前景。本文以金沙江巧家段右岸支沟冲积扇沉积物为研究对象,对4个沉积剖面20个样品进行动态图像粒度分析,建立样品颗粒图像数据库,计算颗粒6种粒径,包括等效投影圆面积径(等积径),弗雷德(Feret)径三种(最大、最小和均值)以及最小外接矩形径两种(最大和最小)等,并与激光(衍射/散射)法测试结果进行对比。结果表明:①图像法所获6种粒径的中值粒径和均值粒径均较激光法粗,分选性较激光法优。②消除量程差异后的对比结果表明,激光法所测均值粒径仅为真实均值粒径(图像法结果)的3/10～1/2左右(差值为0.68～1.78φ);这种偏离可能与天然沉积物的多矿物属性和不规则性有关。③两种测试方法所获结果均能反映相同的剖面沉积物粒度相对变化趋势,在传统的沉积环境判别准则下均能反映基本一致的动力条件和堆积环境。这些认识为图像法粒度分析技术的应用和推广提供了技术支撑和解释依据。
Image method, as the grainsize analysis method recommended only by the International Union of Geological Sciences, has long been constrained by insufficiency of sample capacity. The new dynamic image method, based on the new imaging and processing technology, can set up the database of mass grainsize in short time, and opens up broad prospects for direct expression of grainsize of natural sediment. In this study, the sediments of alluvial fan alone the bank of the Qiaojia segment, upper Yangtze River, are investigated. A total of 20 samples are collected from 4 profiles and are studied using methods of dynamic image and laser-diffraction. Based on dynamic image database of the samples, six type of grainsizes are calculated, including diameter of a circle of equal projection area, three kinds of Feret diameters(the max, min and mean), and two kinds of minimum external rectangular diameters(max and min). The results are also compared with those obtained by laser method. The study shows: ① the median and mean grainsizes obtained by dynamic image method are coarser than those by laser method, and the sorting degree is better than that by laser method. ② The comparison of the results normalized by same measurement range shows the mean diameter measured by laser method is only 3/10～1/2 of the true mean diameter(the result by dynamic image method)(the difference is 0.68～1.78 φ), this deviation may be related to the multimineral properties of natural sediments. ③ The results obtained by the two methods can reflect similar trend of grainsize change in the profile, and can reflect the similar dynamic conditions and sedimentary environment under the traditional discrimination criteria of sedimentary environment. These knowledges provide technical support and explanation basis for the application and popularization of dynamic-image grainsize analysis.
Image method, as the grainsize analysis method recommended only by the International Union of Geological Sciences, has long been constrained by insufficiency of sample capacity. The new dynamic image method, based on the new imaging and processing technology, can set up the database of mass grainsize in short time, and opens up broad prospects for direct expression of grainsize of natural sediment. In this study, the sediments of alluvial fan alone the bank of the Qiaojia segment, upper Yangtze River, are investigated. A total of 20 samples are collected from 4 profiles and are studied using methods of dynamic image and laser-diffraction. Based on dynamic image database of the samples, six type of grainsizes are calculated, including diameter of a circle of equal projection area, three kinds of Feret diameters(the max, min and mean), and two kinds of minimum external rectangular diameters(max and min). The results are also compared with those obtained by laser method. The study shows: ① the median and mean grainsizes obtained by dynamic image method are coarser than those by laser method, and the sorting degree is better than that by laser method. ② The comparison of the results normalized by same measurement range shows the mean diameter measured by laser method is only 3/10～1/2 of the true mean diameter(the result by dynamic image method)(the difference is 0.68～1.78 φ), this deviation may be related to the multimineral properties of natural sediments. ③ The results obtained by the two methods can reflect similar trend of grainsize change in the profile, and can reflect the similar dynamic conditions and sedimentary environment under the traditional discrimination criteria of sedimentary environment. These knowledges provide technical support and explanation basis for the application and popularization of dynamic-image grainsize analysis.
引文
胡凡根, 李志忠, 靳建辉, 陈秀玲, 夏菁, 王贤立. 2012. 福建晋江海岸带老红砂多期发育模式初步研究. 第四纪研究, 32(6): 1207～1220.
康艳蕊, 李德文, 李大伟. 2014. 图像法粒度分析最小样本量及其与激光衍射法测试结果的对比. 见: 谢富仁. 地壳构造与地壳应力文集. 北京: 地震出版社: 83～93.
李德文, 康艳蕊, 李大伟. 2015. 基于动态图像法的河流砂和湖滩砂粒形一粒度特征对比. 第四纪研究, 35(2): 484～492.
李郎平, 杨达源, 黄典, 葛兆帅, 胥勤勉, 王先彦. 2009. 金沙江巧家—新市镇河段的水系变迁.第四纪研究, 29(2): 327～333.
李亦军. 2005. 基于Mie散射的微粒浓度和粒度测试的理论与实验研究. 周汉昌. 太原市:中北大学博士学位论文: 1～103.
张艳春,刘缠牢,赵丁. 2009. 基于米氏散射理论的粒度测试算法研究. 国外电子测量技术,28(11):24～29.
朱筱敏.2007. 沉积岩石学(第四版).北京: 石油工业出版社: 64～79.
Agrawal Y C, Mccave I N , Rdley J B. 1991. Laser diffraction size analysis. In: Syvitski J P M. Principles, Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press: 119～128.
Allen T. 1997. Particle Size Measurement Volume I Powder Sampling and Particle Size Measurement 5th ed. Great Britain: TJ. Ress: 45～60.
Boer G B J D, Weerd C D, Thoenes D, Goossens H W J. 2004. Laser diffraction spectrometry: Fraunhofer diffraction versus Mie scattering. Particle &Particle Systems Characterization, 4(1～4): 14～19.
Harvey A M, Mather A E, Stokes M. 2005. Alluvial Fans: Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Dynamics. London: The Geological Society London; 251(1): 1～7.
Hu Fangen, Li Zhizhong, Jin Jianhui, Chen Xiuling,Xia Jing, Wang Xianli. 2012&. A primary reach on multiphase development pattern of“Oldredsand” in Jinjiang coast of southeast Fujian. Quaternary Sciences, 32(6): 1207～1220.
Kennedy S K, Mazzullo J. 1991. Image analysis method of grain size measurement. In: Syvitski J P M. Principles, Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press: 76～87.
Kang Yanrui, Li Dewen, Li Dawei. 2014&. Image particle size analysis and measurements and comparision between image and laser diffraction particle size analyses. In: Xie Furen. Bulletin of the Institute of Crustal Dynamics. Beijing:Seismological Press: 26: 83～93.
Li Yijun. 2005&. Theoretical and Experimental Study on Particulate Density and Granularity Measurement Based on Mie Scattering Theory. Zhou Hanchang. Taiyuan City: Doctoral Dissertation of North Central University: 1～103.
Li Langping, Yang Dayuan, Huang Dian, Ge Zhaoshuai, Xu Qinmian, Wang Xianyan. 2009&. Drainage evolution of Qiaojia—Xinshizhen section of Jinsha river. Quaternary Sciences, 29(2): 327～333.
Li Dewen, Kang Yanrui, Li Dawei. 2015&. Comparison of grain-size and grain-shape characters of alluvial and lakeshore based on dynamic image analysis. Quaternary Sciences, 35(2): 484～492.
Matthews M D. 1991. The effect of pretreatment on size analysis. In: Syvitski J P M. Principles, Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press: 34～42.
Mccave I N , Syvitski J P M. 1991. Principles and methods of geological particle size analysis. In: Syvitski J P M. Principles, Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press: 3～21.
Merkus H G. 2009. Particle Size Measurements: Fundamentals, Practice, Quality.Berlin: Springer: 13～40.
Milligan T G, Kranck K. 1991. Electroresistance particle size analyzers. In: Syvitski J P M. Principles, Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press: 109～118.
Tanner W F. 1991. Suite statistics: The hydrodynamic evolution of the sediment pool.In: Syvitski J P M. Principles, Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press: 225～236.
Yu Fengling, Switzer, Adam D, Zhen Zhuo, Wang Fu, Huang Zhaoquan. 2013&. Sedimentary records as an indicator for palaeotyphoon hazards from the Rongjiang river delta, Chaoshan plain, southern China. Quaternary Sciences, 33(6): 1171～1182.
Zhu Xiaomin. 2007#. Sedimentary Petrology (Fourth edition). Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press: 64～79.
Zhang Yanchun, Liu Chanlao, Zhao Ding. 2009&. Research of granulometric analysis algorithm based on mie scatter theory. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 28(11): 24～29.
康艳蕊, 李德文, 李大伟. 2014. 图像法粒度分析最小样本量及其与激光衍射法测试结果的对比. 见: 谢富仁. 地壳构造与地壳应力文集. 北京: 地震出版社: 83～93.
李德文, 康艳蕊, 李大伟. 2015. 基于动态图像法的河流砂和湖滩砂粒形一粒度特征对比. 第四纪研究, 35(2): 484～492.
李郎平, 杨达源, 黄典, 葛兆帅, 胥勤勉, 王先彦. 2009. 金沙江巧家—新市镇河段的水系变迁.第四纪研究, 29(2): 327～333.
李亦军. 2005. 基于Mie散射的微粒浓度和粒度测试的理论与实验研究. 周汉昌. 太原市:中北大学博士学位论文: 1～103.
张艳春,刘缠牢,赵丁. 2009. 基于米氏散射理论的粒度测试算法研究. 国外电子测量技术,28(11):24～29.
朱筱敏.2007. 沉积岩石学(第四版).北京: 石油工业出版社: 64～79.
Agrawal Y C, Mccave I N , Rdley J B. 1991. Laser diffraction size analysis. In: Syvitski J P M. Principles, Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press: 119～128.
Allen T. 1997. Particle Size Measurement Volume I Powder Sampling and Particle Size Measurement 5th ed. Great Britain: TJ. Ress: 45～60.
Boer G B J D, Weerd C D, Thoenes D, Goossens H W J. 2004. Laser diffraction spectrometry: Fraunhofer diffraction versus Mie scattering. Particle &Particle Systems Characterization, 4(1～4): 14～19.
Harvey A M, Mather A E, Stokes M. 2005. Alluvial Fans: Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Dynamics. London: The Geological Society London; 251(1): 1～7.
Hu Fangen, Li Zhizhong, Jin Jianhui, Chen Xiuling,Xia Jing, Wang Xianli. 2012&. A primary reach on multiphase development pattern of“Oldredsand” in Jinjiang coast of southeast Fujian. Quaternary Sciences, 32(6): 1207～1220.
Kennedy S K, Mazzullo J. 1991. Image analysis method of grain size measurement. In: Syvitski J P M. Principles, Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press: 76～87.
Kang Yanrui, Li Dewen, Li Dawei. 2014&. Image particle size analysis and measurements and comparision between image and laser diffraction particle size analyses. In: Xie Furen. Bulletin of the Institute of Crustal Dynamics. Beijing:Seismological Press: 26: 83～93.
Li Yijun. 2005&. Theoretical and Experimental Study on Particulate Density and Granularity Measurement Based on Mie Scattering Theory. Zhou Hanchang. Taiyuan City: Doctoral Dissertation of North Central University: 1～103.
Li Langping, Yang Dayuan, Huang Dian, Ge Zhaoshuai, Xu Qinmian, Wang Xianyan. 2009&. Drainage evolution of Qiaojia—Xinshizhen section of Jinsha river. Quaternary Sciences, 29(2): 327～333.
Li Dewen, Kang Yanrui, Li Dawei. 2015&. Comparison of grain-size and grain-shape characters of alluvial and lakeshore based on dynamic image analysis. Quaternary Sciences, 35(2): 484～492.
Matthews M D. 1991. The effect of pretreatment on size analysis. In: Syvitski J P M. Principles, Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press: 34～42.
Mccave I N , Syvitski J P M. 1991. Principles and methods of geological particle size analysis. In: Syvitski J P M. Principles, Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press: 3～21.
Merkus H G. 2009. Particle Size Measurements: Fundamentals, Practice, Quality.Berlin: Springer: 13～40.
Milligan T G, Kranck K. 1991. Electroresistance particle size analyzers. In: Syvitski J P M. Principles, Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press: 109～118.
Tanner W F. 1991. Suite statistics: The hydrodynamic evolution of the sediment pool.In: Syvitski J P M. Principles, Methods and Application of Particle Size Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press: 225～236.
Yu Fengling, Switzer, Adam D, Zhen Zhuo, Wang Fu, Huang Zhaoquan. 2013&. Sedimentary records as an indicator for palaeotyphoon hazards from the Rongjiang river delta, Chaoshan plain, southern China. Quaternary Sciences, 33(6): 1171～1182.
Zhu Xiaomin. 2007#. Sedimentary Petrology (Fourth edition). Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press: 64～79.
Zhang Yanchun, Liu Chanlao, Zhao Ding. 2009&. Research of granulometric analysis algorithm based on mie scatter theory. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 28(11): 24～29.