页岩卸荷能量演化特征试验研究
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摘要
隧道、硐室和矿井等地下空间,应力卸荷是导致岩体破坏的主要原因之一。因此,为研究卸荷条件下的岩石破坏行为,以页岩为研究对象,开展恒定轴压卸围压三轴压缩试验。基于能量耗散与释放原理,分析试验不同阶段能量演化规律及临界围压对试样吸收的总能量和耗散能的影响,探讨卸荷条件下岩石破坏条件。研究结果表明,卸荷试验能量变化主要分为能量聚集阶段、能量耗散阶段和能量释放3个阶段:(1)外力对试样做的功主要以弹性能形式存在;(2)外力所做的功主要耗散于微裂纹形成、扩展,岩石强度降低,此阶段耗散能迅速增加而弹性能基本保持不变;(3)当岩石强度降低到一定程度时,弹性能瞬间释放,岩石破坏。
Unloading pressures is one of the major reasons that result in the damage of rock in underground spaces,such as tunnel,chamber and mine. Therefore,in order to investigate the failure of rock,Longmaxi formation shales are taken as the research object. And triaxial compression tests,the axial stress is constant and radial stress is unloaded,were carried out. The variation rule of energy at different stages and the influence of the critical confining pressure on total energy and dissipated energy were investigated,and the critical condition of rock failure was explored. The results show that the variation of energy is distributed into three stages: energy-accumulating stage and energy-dissipating stage and energy-releasing stage. The work produced by axial force is stored in the form of elastic energy at the energy-accumulating stage; The work produced by axial force are consumed by the formation and extension of cracks at the energy-dissipating stage,which would lead to strength decrease,and dissipated energy rapidly increases and elastic energy remains about the same; Elastic energy release results in rock failure when strength of rock fall below a certain point.
Unloading pressures is one of the major reasons that result in the damage of rock in underground spaces,such as tunnel,chamber and mine. Therefore,in order to investigate the failure of rock,Longmaxi formation shales are taken as the research object. And triaxial compression tests,the axial stress is constant and radial stress is unloaded,were carried out. The variation rule of energy at different stages and the influence of the critical confining pressure on total energy and dissipated energy were investigated,and the critical condition of rock failure was explored. The results show that the variation of energy is distributed into three stages: energy-accumulating stage and energy-dissipating stage and energy-releasing stage. The work produced by axial force is stored in the form of elastic energy at the energy-accumulating stage; The work produced by axial force are consumed by the formation and extension of cracks at the energy-dissipating stage,which would lead to strength decrease,and dissipated energy rapidly increases and elastic energy remains about the same; Elastic energy release results in rock failure when strength of rock fall below a certain point.
引文
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[15]王云飞,郑晓娟.粗砂岩变形破坏过程中的能量演化机制[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(1):30-34.(Wang Yunfei,Zheng Xiaojuan.Energy evolution mechanism in deformation and destruction process of grit stone[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science Edition),2015,34(1):30-34.(in Chinese))
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[2]喻清,丁德馨,白杨,等.花岗岩高应力强卸荷作用下力学特性试验研究[J].南华大学学报(自然科学版),2015,29(4):43-49.(Yu Qing,Ding Dexin,Bai Yang,et al.Experimental research on mechanical properties of granites under high unloading condition[J].Journal of University of South China(Science and Technology Edition),2015,29(4):43-49.(in Chinese))
[3]吕颖慧,刘泉声,江浩.基于高应力下花岗岩卸荷试验的力学变形特性研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(2):337-344.(LüYinghui,Liu Quansheng,Jiang Hao.Study of mechanical deformation characteristics of granitein unloading experiments of high stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(2):337-344(in Chinese))
[4]段淑倩,冯夏庭,江权,等.高应力条件下错动带加卸荷力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(6):1090-1101.(Duan Shuqian,Feng Xiating,Jiang Quan,et al.Experimental study of mechanical properties of staggered zones under loading and unloading conditions of high stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(6):1090-1101.(in Chinese))
[5]尤明庆,华安增.岩石试样破坏过程的能量分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):778-781.(You Mingqing,Hua Anzeng.Energy analysis on failure process of rock specimens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):778-781.(in Chinese))
[6]张志镇,高峰.受载岩石能量演化的围压效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(1):1-11.(Zhang Zhizhen,Gao Feng.Confining pressure effect on rock energy[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(1):1-11.(in Chinese))
[7]谢和平,彭瑞东,鞠杨,等.岩石破坏的能量分析初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15):2603-2608.(Xie Heping,Peng Ruidong,Ju Yang,et al.On energy analysis of rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(15):2603-2608.(in Chinese))
[8]张黎明,王在泉,王建新,等.岩石卸荷破坏的试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2006,38(3):34-37.(Zhang Liming,Wang Zaiquan,Wang Jianxin,et al.Experimental study on the rock behavior under unloading condition[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2006,38(3):34-37.(in Chinese))
[9]赵忠虎,张茹,李业学.不同种类岩石变形破坏的能量耗散与能量释放分析[A]//第十届全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集[C].2008:334-340.(Zhao Zhonghu,Zhang Ru,Li Yexue.Energy dissipation and energy release analysis of different types of rock deformation and failure[A]//13th Conference on Rock mechanics and engineering[C].2008:334-340.(in Chinese))
[10]李玉兰,梁伟,贺桂成,等.不同高径比石膏试样破坏特性及其能量耗散[J].南华大学学报(自然科学版),2015,29(2):30-36.(Li Yulan,Liang Wei,He Gguiheng,et al.Failure characteristics and energy dissipation of the gypsum sample in diffferent height to diameter ratios[J].Journal of University of South China(Science and Technology Edition),2015,29(2):30-36.(in Chinese))
[11]李天斌,陈子全,陈国庆,等.不同含水率作用下砂岩的能量机制研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(增2):229-236.(Li Tianfu,Chen Ziquan,Chen Guoqing,et al.An experimental study of energy mechanism of sandstone with different moisture contents[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(Supp.2):229-236.(in Chinese))
[12]曾志雄,孔令伟,凌贤长,等.浸水-循环加卸载条件下压实膨胀岩的变形特征[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(6):1182-1190.(Zeng Zhixiong,Kong Lingwei,Ling Xianchang,et al.Deformation behavior of compacted swelling rock under soaking-cycling loading and unloading[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2016,24(6):1182-1190.(in Chinese))
[13]丛宇,王在泉,郑颖人,等.不同卸荷路径下大理岩破坏过程能量演化规律[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(9):3140-3147.(Cong Yu,Wang Zaiquan,Zheng Yingren,et al.Energy evolution principle of fracture propagation of marble with different unloading stress paths[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology Edition),2016,47(9):3140-3147.(in Chinese))
[14]高速,张黎明,王在泉,等.大理岩卸荷破坏变形及能量特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增1):2808-2813.(Gao Su,Zhang Liming,Wang Zaiquan,et al.Study of deformation and energy properties of marble unloading failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Supp.1):2808-2813.(in Chinese))
[15]王云飞,郑晓娟.粗砂岩变形破坏过程中的能量演化机制[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(1):30-34.(Wang Yunfei,Zheng Xiaojuan.Energy evolution mechanism in deformation and destruction process of grit stone[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science Edition),2015,34(1):30-34.(in Chinese))
[16]Zhao G Y,Dai B,Dong L J,et al.Energy conversion of rocks in process of unloading confining pressure under different unloading paths[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(5):1626-1632.