渤海海域浅层气分布及地震特征分析
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摘要
海底浅层气严重影响海底地层的结构稳定性,因此成为近海海洋工程的重要安全因素。近年来,通过地震手段在渤海海域发现了多处疑似浅层气区域。该区域中的浅层气蕴藏在海底以下地层或通过断层从地层溢出到海水中。本文在渤海海域高分辨率地震勘探等物探调查资料基础上,分析了渤海海域浅层气地震反射特征。通过查阅相关资料,总结渤海海域浅层气的一般成因。在将已发现的渤海海域浅层气分布区域进行总结并绘制分布图的同时,结合了渤海地质演化以及沉积历史,推测了渤海浅层气集中分布区域的成因。最后讨论了浅层气对近海海洋工程的严重危害。本文所研究的渤海海域海底浅层气分布情况可以为渤海海域海洋工程建设提供重要参考。
Due to the great destructive effect to the stability of the submarine strata,shallow seabed gas has become an important factor seriously impacting on coastal ocean engineering.In recent years,several suspected shallow gas zones have been found in Bohai Sea by means of seismic.Based on the data of the shallow seismic profile and high resolution multichannel seismic exploration,the acoustic reflection characteristics of shallow gas in Bohai Sea are analysed.Through consulting relevant data,the general theory of the shallow gas generation is summarized,and the effect of shallow gas in offshore Marine engineering is discussed.This paper describes the distribution of shallow gas area which have been found in Bohai Sea,and maps at the same time.Combined with the geological evolution of Bohai Sea and the sedimentary history in Bohai Sea,this paper speculates the cause of shallow gas in the concentration distribution area.The serious damage caused by shallow gas is discussed in the end and the results could provide an important reference for marine engineering construction in Bohai Sea.
Due to the great destructive effect to the stability of the submarine strata,shallow seabed gas has become an important factor seriously impacting on coastal ocean engineering.In recent years,several suspected shallow gas zones have been found in Bohai Sea by means of seismic.Based on the data of the shallow seismic profile and high resolution multichannel seismic exploration,the acoustic reflection characteristics of shallow gas in Bohai Sea are analysed.Through consulting relevant data,the general theory of the shallow gas generation is summarized,and the effect of shallow gas in offshore Marine engineering is discussed.This paper describes the distribution of shallow gas area which have been found in Bohai Sea,and maps at the same time.Combined with the geological evolution of Bohai Sea and the sedimentary history in Bohai Sea,this paper speculates the cause of shallow gas in the concentration distribution area.The serious damage caused by shallow gas is discussed in the end and the results could provide an important reference for marine engineering construction in Bohai Sea.
引文
[1]顾兆峰,刘怀山,李刚,等.南黄海西部地区浅层气成因[J].天然气工业,2009,29(1):26-29.Gu Z F,Liu H S,Li G,et al.The formation of shallow gas in the Western Yellow Sea[J].Natural Gas Industry,009,29(1):26-29.
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[3]Davis A M.Shallow gas:an overview[J].Continental Shelf Research,1992,12(10):1077-1079.
[4]Hovland M,Judd A.Seabed pockmarks and seepages:impact on geology,biology,and the marine environment[M].Germany:Springer,1988.
[5]Yuan X,Chen Z,Fan Z.Calculating model and experimental investigation of gas leakage[C].[s.l.]:Inter National Compressor Engineering Conterence,1992.
[6]Tang Y Q,Ye W M,Huang Y.Marsh gas in shallow soils and safety measures for tunnel construction[J].Engineering Geology,2003,67(3):373-378.
[7]Zhao-feng G U,ZHANG Zhi-xun,LIU Huai-shan.Seismic Features of Shallow Gas in The Western Area of The Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2006,26(3)3:65-74.
[8]Li J,Fan H,Jia X.Multilayered ZnO nanosheets with 3Dporous architectures:synthesis and gas sensing application[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2010,114(35):14684-14691.
[9]Hagen R A,Vogt P R.Seasonal variability of shallow biogenic gas in Chesapeake Bay[J].Marine Geology,1999,158(1):75-88.
[10]Ergün M,Dondurur D,if9i G.Acoustic evidence for shallow gas accumulations in the sediments of the Eastern Black Sea[J].Terra Nova,2002,14(5):313-320.
[11]Sauter E J,Muyakshin S I,Charlou J L,et al.Methane discharge from a deep-sea submarine mud volcano into the upper water column by gas hydrate-coated methane bubbles[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,243(3):354-365.
[12]尹延鸿,张训华,温珍河,等.中国东部海区及邻域区域构造图的编制方法及地质构造单元划分[J].海洋学报,2008,30(6):99-105.Yin Y H,Zhang X H,Wen Z H,et al.The mapping methods and division of tectonic units of the regional tectonic map in the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea and adjacent regions[J].Journal of Oceanography,2008,30(6):99-105.
[13]李延成.渤海的地质演化与断裂活动[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1993,13(2):25-33.Li Y C.Geologic evolution and faulting of the bohai sea[J].Merine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1993,13(2):25-33.
[14]张业成.对渤海地区第四纪若干问题的讨论[C].[s.1.]:中国地质科学院562综合大队集刊,1994.Zhang Y C.On some questions of quaternary in the bohai sea region[C].[s.1.]:Bulletin of the 562comprehensive geological brigade chinese acadmy of geological science,1994.
[15]夏庆龙.渤海海域油气藏形成分布与资源潜力[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.Xia Q L.Formation and Resource Potential of Oil and Gas Reservoirs in Bohai Sea Area[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[16]顾兆峰,张志珣,刘怀山.海底浅层圈闭与浅层气地震反射特征对比[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009(3):115-122.Gu Y F,Zhang Z X,Liu H S.Contrast between traps at the shallow subbottom depth and the seismic reflection features of shallow gas[J].Merine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009(3):115-122.
[17]李先奇,张水昌,朱光有,等.中国生物成因气的类型划分与研究方向[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(4):477-484.L iu X Q,Zhang S C,Zhu G Y,et al.Types and research direction of biogenic gas in china[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(4):477-484.
[18]叶银灿.中国海洋灾害地质学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.Ye Y C.China Marine Disaster Geology[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2012.
[19]刘文汇,徐永昌.天然气成因类型及判别标志[J].沉积学报,1996(1):110-116.Liu W H,Xu Y C.Genetic indicators for natural gases[J].Acta Sediment Ologica Sinica,1996(1):110-116.
[20]闫章存,刘燕平,曲伟,等.辽东湾葵花岛构造区浅层气分布特征、成因探讨及工程影响[J].海岸工程,2007,26(3):1-10.Yan Z C,Liu Y P,Qu W,et al.Distribution characteristics and Formation Causes of Shallow Gas in the Kuihua dao Structure Area of Liaodong Bay and its impact on the Engineering[J].Coastal Engineering,2007,26(3):1-10.
[21]金尚柱.辽河油田浅海油气区海洋环境[M].大连:大连海事大学出版社,1996.Jin S Z.Marine Environment of Shallow Oil and Gas in Liaohe Oilfield[M].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University Press,1996.
[22]王忆非.辽东湾北部工程地质条件评价[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2014.Wang Y F.Assessment on Engineering Geological Suitability In Northern Liaodong Bay[D].Qingdao:First Marine Research Institute of State Oceanic Administration,2014.
[23]刘爱江,吴建政,姜胜辉,等.双台子河口区悬沙分布和运移特征[J].海洋地质动态,2009,25(8):12-16.Liu A J,Wu J Z,Jang S H,et al.Distribution and transport characteristics of suspended sediment in Shuangtaizi estuary area[J].Marine Geology Dynamics,2009,25(8):12-16.
[24]周良勇,刘健,刘锡清,等.现代黄河三角洲滨浅海区的灾害地质[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(3):19-27.Zhou L Y,Liu J,Liu Y Q,et al.Coastal and marine geo-Hazards in the modern Yellow River delta[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2004,24(3):19-27.
[25]杨作升,陈卫民,陈彰榕,等.黄河口水下滑坡体系[J].海洋与湖沼,1994,25(6):573-581.Yang Z S,Chen W M,Chen Z R.,et al.Subaqueous landslide system in the huanghe river delta[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1994,25(6):573-581.
[26]杨子赓,张志询,王学言.渤海湾北部浅海海洋地质环境演变与灾害地质问题[C].[s.1.]:庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集,1998.Yang Z G,Zhang Z X,Wang X Y.Marine Geologic Environmrntal Evolution and Hazardous Geology of the Shallow sea area in th North of the Bohai Bay[C].[s.1.]:Academic Essays of the 50th Anniversary of the Work of Academician Liu Guangding,1998.
[27]白大鹏.冀东南堡海区潮流动力地貌及灾害地质研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.Bai D P.The Geological disasters and Tidal Dynamic Geomorphology of Nanpu Area in the East of Bohai Bay[D].Qingdao:China Ocean University,2011.
[28]田立柱.渤海湾西北部浅表地层结构特征[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.Tian L Z.The Structural Characteristic of Shallow Strate in the Northwest of Bohai Bay[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2007.
[29]陈晓辉,张训华,李日辉,等.渤海海峡海域灾害地质研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014(1):11-19.Chen X H,Zhang X H,Li RH,et al.A Preliminary study on hazardous geology in the Bohai strait[J].Merine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2014(1):11-19.
[2]Floodgate G D,Judd A G.The origins of shallow gas[J].Continental Shelf Research,1992,12(10):1145-1156.
[3]Davis A M.Shallow gas:an overview[J].Continental Shelf Research,1992,12(10):1077-1079.
[4]Hovland M,Judd A.Seabed pockmarks and seepages:impact on geology,biology,and the marine environment[M].Germany:Springer,1988.
[5]Yuan X,Chen Z,Fan Z.Calculating model and experimental investigation of gas leakage[C].[s.l.]:Inter National Compressor Engineering Conterence,1992.
[6]Tang Y Q,Ye W M,Huang Y.Marsh gas in shallow soils and safety measures for tunnel construction[J].Engineering Geology,2003,67(3):373-378.
[7]Zhao-feng G U,ZHANG Zhi-xun,LIU Huai-shan.Seismic Features of Shallow Gas in The Western Area of The Yellow Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2006,26(3)3:65-74.
[8]Li J,Fan H,Jia X.Multilayered ZnO nanosheets with 3Dporous architectures:synthesis and gas sensing application[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2010,114(35):14684-14691.
[9]Hagen R A,Vogt P R.Seasonal variability of shallow biogenic gas in Chesapeake Bay[J].Marine Geology,1999,158(1):75-88.
[10]Ergün M,Dondurur D,if9i G.Acoustic evidence for shallow gas accumulations in the sediments of the Eastern Black Sea[J].Terra Nova,2002,14(5):313-320.
[11]Sauter E J,Muyakshin S I,Charlou J L,et al.Methane discharge from a deep-sea submarine mud volcano into the upper water column by gas hydrate-coated methane bubbles[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,243(3):354-365.
[12]尹延鸿,张训华,温珍河,等.中国东部海区及邻域区域构造图的编制方法及地质构造单元划分[J].海洋学报,2008,30(6):99-105.Yin Y H,Zhang X H,Wen Z H,et al.The mapping methods and division of tectonic units of the regional tectonic map in the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea and adjacent regions[J].Journal of Oceanography,2008,30(6):99-105.
[13]李延成.渤海的地质演化与断裂活动[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1993,13(2):25-33.Li Y C.Geologic evolution and faulting of the bohai sea[J].Merine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1993,13(2):25-33.
[14]张业成.对渤海地区第四纪若干问题的讨论[C].[s.1.]:中国地质科学院562综合大队集刊,1994.Zhang Y C.On some questions of quaternary in the bohai sea region[C].[s.1.]:Bulletin of the 562comprehensive geological brigade chinese acadmy of geological science,1994.
[15]夏庆龙.渤海海域油气藏形成分布与资源潜力[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.Xia Q L.Formation and Resource Potential of Oil and Gas Reservoirs in Bohai Sea Area[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[16]顾兆峰,张志珣,刘怀山.海底浅层圈闭与浅层气地震反射特征对比[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009(3):115-122.Gu Y F,Zhang Z X,Liu H S.Contrast between traps at the shallow subbottom depth and the seismic reflection features of shallow gas[J].Merine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009(3):115-122.
[17]李先奇,张水昌,朱光有,等.中国生物成因气的类型划分与研究方向[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(4):477-484.L iu X Q,Zhang S C,Zhu G Y,et al.Types and research direction of biogenic gas in china[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(4):477-484.
[18]叶银灿.中国海洋灾害地质学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.Ye Y C.China Marine Disaster Geology[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2012.
[19]刘文汇,徐永昌.天然气成因类型及判别标志[J].沉积学报,1996(1):110-116.Liu W H,Xu Y C.Genetic indicators for natural gases[J].Acta Sediment Ologica Sinica,1996(1):110-116.
[20]闫章存,刘燕平,曲伟,等.辽东湾葵花岛构造区浅层气分布特征、成因探讨及工程影响[J].海岸工程,2007,26(3):1-10.Yan Z C,Liu Y P,Qu W,et al.Distribution characteristics and Formation Causes of Shallow Gas in the Kuihua dao Structure Area of Liaodong Bay and its impact on the Engineering[J].Coastal Engineering,2007,26(3):1-10.
[21]金尚柱.辽河油田浅海油气区海洋环境[M].大连:大连海事大学出版社,1996.Jin S Z.Marine Environment of Shallow Oil and Gas in Liaohe Oilfield[M].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University Press,1996.
[22]王忆非.辽东湾北部工程地质条件评价[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2014.Wang Y F.Assessment on Engineering Geological Suitability In Northern Liaodong Bay[D].Qingdao:First Marine Research Institute of State Oceanic Administration,2014.
[23]刘爱江,吴建政,姜胜辉,等.双台子河口区悬沙分布和运移特征[J].海洋地质动态,2009,25(8):12-16.Liu A J,Wu J Z,Jang S H,et al.Distribution and transport characteristics of suspended sediment in Shuangtaizi estuary area[J].Marine Geology Dynamics,2009,25(8):12-16.
[24]周良勇,刘健,刘锡清,等.现代黄河三角洲滨浅海区的灾害地质[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(3):19-27.Zhou L Y,Liu J,Liu Y Q,et al.Coastal and marine geo-Hazards in the modern Yellow River delta[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2004,24(3):19-27.
[25]杨作升,陈卫民,陈彰榕,等.黄河口水下滑坡体系[J].海洋与湖沼,1994,25(6):573-581.Yang Z S,Chen W M,Chen Z R.,et al.Subaqueous landslide system in the huanghe river delta[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1994,25(6):573-581.
[26]杨子赓,张志询,王学言.渤海湾北部浅海海洋地质环境演变与灾害地质问题[C].[s.1.]:庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集,1998.Yang Z G,Zhang Z X,Wang X Y.Marine Geologic Environmrntal Evolution and Hazardous Geology of the Shallow sea area in th North of the Bohai Bay[C].[s.1.]:Academic Essays of the 50th Anniversary of the Work of Academician Liu Guangding,1998.
[27]白大鹏.冀东南堡海区潮流动力地貌及灾害地质研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.Bai D P.The Geological disasters and Tidal Dynamic Geomorphology of Nanpu Area in the East of Bohai Bay[D].Qingdao:China Ocean University,2011.
[28]田立柱.渤海湾西北部浅表地层结构特征[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.Tian L Z.The Structural Characteristic of Shallow Strate in the Northwest of Bohai Bay[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2007.
[29]陈晓辉,张训华,李日辉,等.渤海海峡海域灾害地质研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014(1):11-19.Chen X H,Zhang X H,Li RH,et al.A Preliminary study on hazardous geology in the Bohai strait[J].Merine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2014(1):11-19.