地震作用下高堆尾矿坝永久变形与稳定性分析
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摘要
综合采用时程分析法、整体变形分析法(等效节点力法和软化模量法)、极限平衡法等方法,以小打鹅尾矿库为例,分析了该高堆尾矿坝的永久变形和动力稳定性。分析了干滩面长度、尾矿堆积坝高度、设计地震加速度等影响因素对尾矿坝的安全系数和永久变形的影响,以及地震作用下尾矿坝安全系数的时程变化规律。结果表明:尾矿坝的地震永久变形与一般土石坝的存在差异,其水平方向的永久变形大于竖直方向的永久变形,且永久变形与坝高不一定呈单调递增关系;地震中尾矿坝的最小安全系数与各影响因素大体呈线性关系,而坝顶处的震陷与各影响因素之间呈非线性关系;地震过程中尾矿坝瞬时安全系数具有波动降低的特点,为此,完善了地震作用下尾矿坝最小平均安全系数的计算方法。该研究表明小打鹅尾矿库坝体的抗震性能能够满足相应抗震设防要求。
The permanent deformation and dynamic stability of high tailings dam are analyzed by using time-history analysis method, global deformation analysis method(equivalent nodal force method and modulus soften method) and limit equilibrium method with Xiaodae tailings pond as an example. This paper analyzes the influence of length of dry beach, height of tailings dam and seismic acceleration on the safety factor and permanent deformation of tailings dams, and analyzes the time-history change laws of safety factors of tailings dams. It is found that the permanent deformation of the tailings dam is different from that of the general earth-rock dam. The permanent deformation in the horizontal direction of the tailings embankment is greater than that in the vertical direction, and the permanent deformation is not monotonous with the dam height. The minimum safety factor of the tailings dam in the earthquake is linearly related to the influencing factors, and the seismic subsidence at the crest has a nonlinear relationship with the influencing factors. The calculation methods of the minimum average safety factor for seismic safety are improved based on the characteristics of the fluctuation and reduction of the transient safety factors in the earthquake. The results show that the seismic performance of the tailings dam of Xiaodae tailings pond can meet the requirements of the corresponding seismic fortification.
The permanent deformation and dynamic stability of high tailings dam are analyzed by using time-history analysis method, global deformation analysis method(equivalent nodal force method and modulus soften method) and limit equilibrium method with Xiaodae tailings pond as an example. This paper analyzes the influence of length of dry beach, height of tailings dam and seismic acceleration on the safety factor and permanent deformation of tailings dams, and analyzes the time-history change laws of safety factors of tailings dams. It is found that the permanent deformation of the tailings dam is different from that of the general earth-rock dam. The permanent deformation in the horizontal direction of the tailings embankment is greater than that in the vertical direction, and the permanent deformation is not monotonous with the dam height. The minimum safety factor of the tailings dam in the earthquake is linearly related to the influencing factors, and the seismic subsidence at the crest has a nonlinear relationship with the influencing factors. The calculation methods of the minimum average safety factor for seismic safety are improved based on the characteristics of the fluctuation and reduction of the transient safety factors in the earthquake. The results show that the seismic performance of the tailings dam of Xiaodae tailings pond can meet the requirements of the corresponding seismic fortification.
引文
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[12]敬小非,尹光志,魏作安.模型试验与数值模拟对尾矿坝稳定性综合预测[J].重庆大学学报,2009,32(3):308-313.JING Xiao-fei,YIN Guang-zhi,WEI Zuo-an.Model test and numerical simulation of tailings dam safety forecasting[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2009,32(3):308-313.
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[16]MAKDISI F I,SEED H B.Simplified procedure for estimating dam and embankment earthquake-induced deformations[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,1978,104(7):849-868.
[17]SERFF N,SEED H B,MAKDISI F I,et al.Earthquake induced deformations of earth dams[R].Berkeley:Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,1976.
[18]张力霆,齐清兰,李强.尾矿库三维渗流场数值模拟中入渗上缘线的确定方法[J].金属矿山,2011,(7):54-57.ZHANG Li-ting,QI Qing-lan,LI Qiang.The methods for the infiltration upper-edge-line in numerical simulation of the 3D seepage field in tailings reservoir[J].Metal Mine,2011,(7):54-57.
[19]尹光志,王文松,魏作安,等.小打鹅尾矿库筑坝尾矿的动力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(增刊1):3121-3130.YIN Guang-zhi,WANG Wen-song,WEI Zuo-an,et al.Experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of embankment tailings from Xiaodae tailings pond[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(Supp.1):3121-3130.
[20]中国振动工程学会土动力学专业委员会.土动力学工程应用实例与分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998:54-56.Soil Dynamics Specialized Committee of Chinese Society for Vibration Engineering.Engineering application and analysis of soil dynamics[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1998:54-56.
[21]辛鸿博,FINN W D L.1976年大石河尾矿坝地震反应分析[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(4):48-56.XIN Hong-bo,FINN W D L.Seismic response analysis of the 1976 Dashihe tailings dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1996,18(4):48-56.
[22]ISHIHARA K,UENO K,YAMADA S,et al.Breach of a tailings dam in the 2011 earthquake in Japan[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2015,68(Supp.1):3-22.
[23]陈生水,李国英,傅中志.高土石坝地震安全控制标准与极限抗震能力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(1):59-65.CHEN Sheng-shui,LI Guo-ying,FU Zhong-zhi.Safety criteria and limit resistance capacity of high earthrock dams subjected to earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(1):59-65.
[24]刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定性时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):553-557.LIU Han-long,FEI Kang,GAO Yu-feng.Time history analysis method of slope seismic stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):553-557.
[2]RICO M,BENITO G,SALGUEIRO A R,et al.A review of the European incidents in the worldwide context[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152(2):846-852.
[3]王文松,尹光志,魏作安,等.基于时程分析法的尾矿坝动力稳定性研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):271-279.WANG Wen-song,YIN Guang-zhi,WEI Zuo-an,et al.Study of the dynamic stability of tailings dam based on time-history analysis method[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(2):271-279.
[4]CHAKRABORTY D,CHOUDHURY D.Seismic behavior of tailings dam using FLAC3D[J].Geotechnical Special Publication,2014,(211):3138-3147.
[5]XU Bao-tian,WANG Yu-ying.Stability analysis of the Lingshan gold mine tailings dam under conditions of a raised dam height[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2015,74(1):151-161.
[6]JAKKA R S,RAMANA G V,DATTA M.Seismic slope stability of embankments constructed with pond ash[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2011,29(5):821-835.
[7]张富有,李刘操,徐松.基于液化判别的尾矿坝动力稳定性分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(6):648-652.ZHANG Fu-you,LI Liu-cao,XU Song.Dynamic stability analysis of tailings dam based on liquefaction evaluation[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2012,40(6):648-652.
[8]王文松,尹光志,魏作安,等.高烈度地震区细粒尾矿上游法筑坝动力反应与稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(5):1201-1214.WANG Wen-song,YIN Guang-zhi,WEI Zuo-an,et al.Analysis of the dynamic response and stability of fine grained tailings dam by upstream embankment method in high intensity earthquake area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(5):1201-1214.
[9]谢定义.土动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011:492-493.XIE Ding-yi.Soil dynamics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2011:492-493.
[10]NEWMARK N.Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments[J].Geotechnique,1965,15(2):139-160.
[11]李广治.基于上游式快速高堆坝工艺及关键力学问题研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.LI Guang-zhi.Key mechanics issues and construction technologies for the rapid raise of high tailings dam by using the upstream method[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2012.
[12]敬小非,尹光志,魏作安.模型试验与数值模拟对尾矿坝稳定性综合预测[J].重庆大学学报,2009,32(3):308-313.JING Xiao-fei,YIN Guang-zhi,WEI Zuo-an.Model test and numerical simulation of tailings dam safety forecasting[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2009,32(3):308-313.
[13]魏作安,杨永浩,赵怀军,等.小打鹅尾矿库尾矿堆积坝稳定性研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(4):12-17.WEI Zuo-an,YANG Yong-hao,ZHAO Huai-jun,et al.Stability of tailings dam of Xiaodae tailings pond[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2016,37(4):12-17.
[14]中国地震局.GB18306-2015中国地震动参数区划图[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.China Earthquake Administration.GB18306-2015Seismic ground motion parameter zonation map of China[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016.
[15]张超,杨春和,白世伟.尾矿料的动力特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):35-40.ZHANG Chao,YANG Chun-he,BAI Shi-wei.Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of tailings material[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(1):35-40.
[16]MAKDISI F I,SEED H B.Simplified procedure for estimating dam and embankment earthquake-induced deformations[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,1978,104(7):849-868.
[17]SERFF N,SEED H B,MAKDISI F I,et al.Earthquake induced deformations of earth dams[R].Berkeley:Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,1976.
[18]张力霆,齐清兰,李强.尾矿库三维渗流场数值模拟中入渗上缘线的确定方法[J].金属矿山,2011,(7):54-57.ZHANG Li-ting,QI Qing-lan,LI Qiang.The methods for the infiltration upper-edge-line in numerical simulation of the 3D seepage field in tailings reservoir[J].Metal Mine,2011,(7):54-57.
[19]尹光志,王文松,魏作安,等.小打鹅尾矿库筑坝尾矿的动力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(增刊1):3121-3130.YIN Guang-zhi,WANG Wen-song,WEI Zuo-an,et al.Experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of embankment tailings from Xiaodae tailings pond[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(Supp.1):3121-3130.
[20]中国振动工程学会土动力学专业委员会.土动力学工程应用实例与分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998:54-56.Soil Dynamics Specialized Committee of Chinese Society for Vibration Engineering.Engineering application and analysis of soil dynamics[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1998:54-56.
[21]辛鸿博,FINN W D L.1976年大石河尾矿坝地震反应分析[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(4):48-56.XIN Hong-bo,FINN W D L.Seismic response analysis of the 1976 Dashihe tailings dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1996,18(4):48-56.
[22]ISHIHARA K,UENO K,YAMADA S,et al.Breach of a tailings dam in the 2011 earthquake in Japan[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2015,68(Supp.1):3-22.
[23]陈生水,李国英,傅中志.高土石坝地震安全控制标准与极限抗震能力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(1):59-65.CHEN Sheng-shui,LI Guo-ying,FU Zhong-zhi.Safety criteria and limit resistance capacity of high earthrock dams subjected to earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(1):59-65.
[24]刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定性时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):553-557.LIU Han-long,FEI Kang,GAO Yu-feng.Time history analysis method of slope seismic stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):553-557.