基于主成分分析的上海春季近地面臭氧污染区域性特征研究
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摘要
为研究上海春季近地面臭氧污染的区域性特征,对长三角地区55个城市国控站点及上海市54个城市监测站点2016年5月的臭氧监测网络数据进行主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA),并将分析结果与气象条件进行综合分析,结果表明,主成分分析在不同的空间尺度下可以解析出行为模式不同的臭氧生成及传输来源主成分,且在较大的空间尺度下可以解析出区域背景臭氧浓度.长三角地区春季区域臭氧特征复杂,存在9个主成分,第一主成分所能解释的背景臭氧浓度在68.8～154.7μg·m~(-3)之间,而上海市主成分解析结果较为集中,仅能解析出两个主成分,且第一主成分即可解释90.5%的臭氧.对比同时段长三角及上海市主成分分析解析结果,上海市春季臭氧污染主要受到来自海洋的东南风影响,高浓度臭氧污染的本地生成贡献显著.
Principal component analysis( PCA) was employed to identify the regional characteristics of ground-level ozone pollution during the spring in Shanghai,where we considered a series of online ozone monitoring data obtained from 55 state control sites in the Yangtze river delta( YRD) and 54 urban monitoring stations in Shanghai during May 2016. The PCA results were interpreted in combination with meteorological parameters. We found that PCA could detect the effects of photochemical production and transport on ozone according to different principal components at different spatial scales,as well as the regional background concentrations at a relatively large spatial scale. The ozone features in the spring were quite complex in YRD and nine principal components were obtained. The first principal component represented the regional background concentrations,which were 68.8～154.7 μg·m~(-3). PCA only determined two principal components for Shanghai and 90.5% of the ozone concentration was explained by the first principal component. After comparing the PCA results obtained for the same period in the YRD area and Shanghai,we found that the southeast wind from the sea primarily influenced ozone pollution in Shanghai and the ozone pollution was strongly affected by local photochemical production.
Principal component analysis( PCA) was employed to identify the regional characteristics of ground-level ozone pollution during the spring in Shanghai,where we considered a series of online ozone monitoring data obtained from 55 state control sites in the Yangtze river delta( YRD) and 54 urban monitoring stations in Shanghai during May 2016. The PCA results were interpreted in combination with meteorological parameters. We found that PCA could detect the effects of photochemical production and transport on ozone according to different principal components at different spatial scales,as well as the regional background concentrations at a relatively large spatial scale. The ozone features in the spring were quite complex in YRD and nine principal components were obtained. The first principal component represented the regional background concentrations,which were 68.8～154.7 μg·m~(-3). PCA only determined two principal components for Shanghai and 90.5% of the ozone concentration was explained by the first principal component. After comparing the PCA results obtained for the same period in the YRD area and Shanghai,we found that the southeast wind from the sea primarily influenced ozone pollution in Shanghai and the ozone pollution was strongly affected by local photochemical production.
引文
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Gao J,Zhu B,Xiao H,et al.2016.A case study of surface ozone source apportionment during a high concentration episode,under frequent shifting wind conditions over the Yangtze River Delta,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,544:853-863
Guo H,Wang T,Simpson I J,et al.2004.Source contributions to ambient VOCs and CO at a rural site in eastern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,38(27):4551-4560
Jeong S J.2013.The Impact of Air Pollution on Human Health in Suwon City[J].Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment,7(4):227-233
Jin X,Holloway T.2015.Spatial and temporal variability of ozone sensitivity over China observed from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,120(14):7229-7246
Langford A O,Senff C J,Banta R M,et al.2009.Regional and local background ozone in Houston during Texas Air Quality Study 2006[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,114,D00F12,doi:10.1029/20085D011687
Li L,An J Y,Shi Y,et al.2016.Source apportionment of surface ozone in the Yangtze River Delta,China in the summer of 2013[J].Atmospheric Environment,144:194-207
Li L,Chen C H,Huang C,et al.2012.Process analysis of regional ozone formation over the Yangtze River Delta,China using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality modeling system[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,12(22):10971-10987
李浩,李莉,黄成,等.2015.2013年夏季典型光化学污染过程中长三角典型城市O3来源识别[J].环境科学,(1):1-10
刘小正,楼晟荣,陈勇航,等.2016.基于OMI数据的中国中东部城市近地面臭氧时空分布特征研究[J].环境科学学报,36(8):2811-2818
Murtagh F,Heck A.1987.Multivariate Data Analysis[M].WKAPARCHIEF,U.S.A.978-90-277-2426-7
Pires J C M,Sousa S I V,Pereira M C,et al.2008.Management of air quality monitoring using principal component and cluster analysisPart I:SO2and PM10[J].Atmospheric Environment 42(6):1249-1260
Pires J C M,Sousa S I V,Pereira M C,et al.2008.Management of air quality monitoring using principal component and cluster analysisPart II:CO,NO2and O3[J].Atmospheric Environment,42(6):1261-1274
Rohrer F,Lu K D,Hofzumahaus A,et al.2014.Maximum efficiency in the hydroxyl-radical-based self-cleansing of the troposphere[J].Nature Geoscience,7(8):559-563
Stein A F,Draxler R R,Rolph G D,et al.2015.NOAA's HYSPLITatmospheric transport and dispersion modeling system[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,96(12):2059-2077
唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.2012.大气自由基化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.19361-00,102
Vingarzan R.2004.A review of surface ozone background levels and trends[J].Atmospheric Environment,38(21):3431-3442
Wang T,Xue L,Brimblecombe P,et al.2017.Ozone pollution in China:A review of concentrations,meteorological influences,chemical precursors,and effects[J].Science of the Total Environment,575:1582-1596
Wang Y,Zhang Y,Hao J,et al.2011.Seasonal and spatial variability of surface ozone over China:contributions from background and domestic pollution[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,11(7):3511-3525
Xie M,Zhu K,Wang T,et al.2016.Temporal characterization and regional contribution to O3and NOxat an urban and a suburban site in Nanjing,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,551-552:533-545
Xue L K,Wang T,Gao J,et al.2014.Ground-level ozone in four Chinese cities:precursors,regional transport and heterogeneous processes[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14(23):13175-13188
易睿,王亚林,张殷俊,等.2015.长江三角洲地区城市臭氧污染特征与影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报,35(8):2370-2377