西宁近地面臭氧特征及其影响因素
|
摘要
利用青藏高原东北部城市西宁2015—2017年O_3质量浓度和各气象要素数据(紫外辐射、最高气温等),分析近地面O_3变化特征及其影响因素,结果表明:该地区臭氧平均质量浓度呈现单峰型日变化规律。每年6—8月O_3质量浓度最大,12月至翌年2月最小。依据环境空气质量指数AQI统计分析,6—8月污染天气O_3占首要污染物总天数的72%。O_3与NO_2、CO呈极显著负相关,臭氧日最大1 h平均质量浓度与紫外辐射、日最高气温呈极显著正相关,与日平均气压、日最高气压、日最低气压呈极显著负相关,与日平均相对湿度相关性不显著。不同季节不同高度风速大小和风向频率对O_3质量浓度影响不同,500 h Pa盛行风向以WNW为主时有利于扩散。2017年青海省大部地区O_3月平均质量浓度总体呈先增加后减小变化趋势。纬度越低,海拔越高的地区,O_3质量浓度升高越早。降水量的差异对O_3质量浓度影响较小。
Based on the data of surface ozone mass concentrations and various meteorological elements( ultraviolet,maximum temperature,etc.) during 2015-2017,the characteristics and influencing factors of ozone near surface were analyzed. The results show that diurnal variation of surface ozone average mass concentration showed a single peak. There was a high surface ozone mass concentration from June to August and a low value from December to February. According to the statistical analysis of ambient air quality index( AQI) from June to August,the days of O_3 becoming primary pollutant accounted for 72% of the total. There were significant negative correlations between surface ozone mass concentrations and NO_2 and CO. There were significant positive correlations between maximum hourly-averaged surface ozone mass concentrations in a day and daily UV radiation and daily highest temperature,while there were significant negative correlations between maximum hourly-averaged surface ozone mass concentrations in a day and daily average pressure,daily maximum pressure and daily minmum pressure,and there was no significant correlation between maximum hourly-averaged surface ozone mass concentrations in a day and daily average relative humidity. Different wind speeds and wind direction frequencies had different effects on surface ozone mass concentrations in different seasons. The prevailing wind direction at 500 h Pa was WNW mainly,which was conducive to diffusion. The monthly average mass concentrations of ozone in most parts of Qinghai Province increased first and then decreased in 2017. The lower latitude,the higher altitude,the earlier surface ozone mass concentrations rose.And the difference in precipitation had little effect on surface ozone mass concentrations.
Based on the data of surface ozone mass concentrations and various meteorological elements( ultraviolet,maximum temperature,etc.) during 2015-2017,the characteristics and influencing factors of ozone near surface were analyzed. The results show that diurnal variation of surface ozone average mass concentration showed a single peak. There was a high surface ozone mass concentration from June to August and a low value from December to February. According to the statistical analysis of ambient air quality index( AQI) from June to August,the days of O_3 becoming primary pollutant accounted for 72% of the total. There were significant negative correlations between surface ozone mass concentrations and NO_2 and CO. There were significant positive correlations between maximum hourly-averaged surface ozone mass concentrations in a day and daily UV radiation and daily highest temperature,while there were significant negative correlations between maximum hourly-averaged surface ozone mass concentrations in a day and daily average pressure,daily maximum pressure and daily minmum pressure,and there was no significant correlation between maximum hourly-averaged surface ozone mass concentrations in a day and daily average relative humidity. Different wind speeds and wind direction frequencies had different effects on surface ozone mass concentrations in different seasons. The prevailing wind direction at 500 h Pa was WNW mainly,which was conducive to diffusion. The monthly average mass concentrations of ozone in most parts of Qinghai Province increased first and then decreased in 2017. The lower latitude,the higher altitude,the earlier surface ozone mass concentrations rose.And the difference in precipitation had little effect on surface ozone mass concentrations.
引文
[1]张健恺,刘玮,韩元元,等.平流层臭氧变化对对流层气候影响的研究进展[J].干旱气象,2014,32(5):685-693.
[2]黄彬.臭氧气象条件预报告诉你看不见的污染[N].中国气象报,2018-1-18(3).
[3]张金平.“低调”臭氧大气污染元凶[N].安徽日报,2018-2-1(12).
[4]孔琴心,刘广仁,李桂忱.近地面臭氧浓度变化及其对人体健康的可能影响[J].气候与环境研究,1999,4(1):61-66.
[5]奇奕轩.北京北郊夏季臭氧及其前体物污染特征及影响因素研究[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2017.
[6]谢居清.原位条件下臭氧对农作物生长的影响及防护[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[7]郑昌玲.近地层臭氧和二氧化碳浓度变化对冬小麦影响的数值模拟初步研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2004.
[8]耿福海,刘琼,陈勇航.近地面臭氧研究进展[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2012,6(6):8-14.
[9]IPCC. Climate Change 2007:the physical science basis:contributionof working group I to the fourth assessment report[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[10]李洋,张健恺,田文寿,等.动力传输和地表排放对北京地区对流层臭氧长期变化的影响[J].干旱气象,2018,36(2):157-166.
[11]闫静.盆地气候条件下成都市城区臭氧污染特性研究[C]//中国环境科学学会. 2013中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第五卷).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2013:4.
[12]马井会.上海近地面臭氧浓度与气象因子关系与预报研究[C]//中国气象学会.第28届中国气象学会年会———S8大气成分与天气气候变化的联系.北京:气象出版社,2011:12.
[13]谈建国,陆国良,耿福海,等.上海夏季近地面臭氧浓度及其相关气象因子的分析和预报[J].热带气象学报,2007,23(5):515-520.
[14]杨洪斌,邹旭东,汪宏宇,等.大气环境中的PM2. 5的研究进展与展望[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(3):77-82.
[15]毛卓成,马井会,瞿元昊,等. 2015年上海地区空气质量状况及其与气象条件的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(2):52-60.
[16]马鹏里,张强,杨兴国,等.大气化学研究进展———臭氧、气溶胶研究综述[J].干旱气象,2003,21(4):66-70.
[17]张云红,许长军,亓青,等.青藏高原气候变化及其生态效应分析[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2011,29(4):18-22.
[18]吴国雄,段安民,张雪芹,等.青藏高原极端天气气候变化及其环境效应[J].自然杂志,2013,35(3):167-171.
[19]王彩红,张惠芳,尼霞次仁,等.青藏高原典型城市拉萨市近地面臭氧污染特征[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):159-166.
[20]环境空气质量标准:GB 3095—2012[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[21]段晓瞳,曹念文,王潇,等. 2015年中国近地面臭氧浓度特征分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):4976-4982.
[22]刘光孟,汪云甲,王允.反距离权重插值因子对插值误差影响分析[J].中国科技论文在线,2010,5(11):879-884.
[23]曹庭伟,吴锴,康平,等.成渝城市群臭氧污染特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(4):1275-1284.
[24]郭家瑜,张英杰,郑海涛,等.北京2015年大气细颗粒物的空间分布特征及变化规律[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(7):2409-2419.
[25]张慧贞,金士畊.西宁地区边界层的气象条件与大气质量初评[J].环境研究,1984(4):1009-1211.
[26]周贺玲,周玉都,闻静.河北廊坊近地面层O3特征及其影响因素[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):405-411.
[27]强琳,董卫民,徐衡,等.宝鸡市夏季臭氧及其前体物污染特征研究[J].环境工程,2016,34(6):101-105.
[28]黄俊,廖碧婷,吴兑,等.广州近地面臭氧浓度特征及气象影响分析[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(1):23-31.
[29]黄秋霞.新疆典型区域近地面臭氧浓度特征分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2014.
[30]乜虹,牛生杰,王治邦,等.青藏高原清洁地区近地面层臭氧的特征分析[J].干旱气象,2004,22(1):1-7.
[31]郭晓宁,保广裕,郑玲,等.格尔木光伏电站周边区域太阳辐射特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(6):47-52.
[32]王磊,刘端阳,韩桂荣,等.南京地区近地面臭氧浓度与气象条件关系研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(4):1285-1296.
[2]黄彬.臭氧气象条件预报告诉你看不见的污染[N].中国气象报,2018-1-18(3).
[3]张金平.“低调”臭氧大气污染元凶[N].安徽日报,2018-2-1(12).
[4]孔琴心,刘广仁,李桂忱.近地面臭氧浓度变化及其对人体健康的可能影响[J].气候与环境研究,1999,4(1):61-66.
[5]奇奕轩.北京北郊夏季臭氧及其前体物污染特征及影响因素研究[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2017.
[6]谢居清.原位条件下臭氧对农作物生长的影响及防护[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[7]郑昌玲.近地层臭氧和二氧化碳浓度变化对冬小麦影响的数值模拟初步研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2004.
[8]耿福海,刘琼,陈勇航.近地面臭氧研究进展[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2012,6(6):8-14.
[9]IPCC. Climate Change 2007:the physical science basis:contributionof working group I to the fourth assessment report[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[10]李洋,张健恺,田文寿,等.动力传输和地表排放对北京地区对流层臭氧长期变化的影响[J].干旱气象,2018,36(2):157-166.
[11]闫静.盆地气候条件下成都市城区臭氧污染特性研究[C]//中国环境科学学会. 2013中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第五卷).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2013:4.
[12]马井会.上海近地面臭氧浓度与气象因子关系与预报研究[C]//中国气象学会.第28届中国气象学会年会———S8大气成分与天气气候变化的联系.北京:气象出版社,2011:12.
[13]谈建国,陆国良,耿福海,等.上海夏季近地面臭氧浓度及其相关气象因子的分析和预报[J].热带气象学报,2007,23(5):515-520.
[14]杨洪斌,邹旭东,汪宏宇,等.大气环境中的PM2. 5的研究进展与展望[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(3):77-82.
[15]毛卓成,马井会,瞿元昊,等. 2015年上海地区空气质量状况及其与气象条件的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(2):52-60.
[16]马鹏里,张强,杨兴国,等.大气化学研究进展———臭氧、气溶胶研究综述[J].干旱气象,2003,21(4):66-70.
[17]张云红,许长军,亓青,等.青藏高原气候变化及其生态效应分析[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2011,29(4):18-22.
[18]吴国雄,段安民,张雪芹,等.青藏高原极端天气气候变化及其环境效应[J].自然杂志,2013,35(3):167-171.
[19]王彩红,张惠芳,尼霞次仁,等.青藏高原典型城市拉萨市近地面臭氧污染特征[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):159-166.
[20]环境空气质量标准:GB 3095—2012[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[21]段晓瞳,曹念文,王潇,等. 2015年中国近地面臭氧浓度特征分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):4976-4982.
[22]刘光孟,汪云甲,王允.反距离权重插值因子对插值误差影响分析[J].中国科技论文在线,2010,5(11):879-884.
[23]曹庭伟,吴锴,康平,等.成渝城市群臭氧污染特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(4):1275-1284.
[24]郭家瑜,张英杰,郑海涛,等.北京2015年大气细颗粒物的空间分布特征及变化规律[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(7):2409-2419.
[25]张慧贞,金士畊.西宁地区边界层的气象条件与大气质量初评[J].环境研究,1984(4):1009-1211.
[26]周贺玲,周玉都,闻静.河北廊坊近地面层O3特征及其影响因素[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):405-411.
[27]强琳,董卫民,徐衡,等.宝鸡市夏季臭氧及其前体物污染特征研究[J].环境工程,2016,34(6):101-105.
[28]黄俊,廖碧婷,吴兑,等.广州近地面臭氧浓度特征及气象影响分析[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(1):23-31.
[29]黄秋霞.新疆典型区域近地面臭氧浓度特征分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2014.
[30]乜虹,牛生杰,王治邦,等.青藏高原清洁地区近地面层臭氧的特征分析[J].干旱气象,2004,22(1):1-7.
[31]郭晓宁,保广裕,郑玲,等.格尔木光伏电站周边区域太阳辐射特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(6):47-52.
[32]王磊,刘端阳,韩桂荣,等.南京地区近地面臭氧浓度与气象条件关系研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(4):1285-1296.