2015年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地达理雅博依天然绿洲浅层地温变化特征
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摘要
地温为地-气系统研究的一个重要参数.克里雅河尾闾达理雅博依为塔里木盆地一典型的原始荒漠绿洲,对天然绿洲生态过程、形成机理及演化研究极具意义,而该地区地温等相关气象数据却极少发表.本文以达理雅博依所建首台区域气象站所采集的地温数据为基础,分析了2015年1月至2016年4月5～20 cm各浅层土壤温度的日变化及季节变化特征.结果表明:各层地温月平均值年内变化趋势较为一致,呈正弦曲线变化,7月为峰,1月为谷.各浅层地温月变幅随深度增加而减小,且波动幅度夏季最大,冬季最小.各层地温年平均值为14.8℃,低于大致同纬度的塔中气象站(16℃左右),且地温年变化升降较塔中相对缓和,显示绿洲与沙漠环境存在差异.各层土壤日变化亦基本呈正弦变化,随深度增加,日最高和最低值位相逐渐滞后,振幅亦随之减小;达理雅博依7月5 cm地温日最大值和最低值出现时刻明显晚于塔中,反映了二者土壤热容的不同.日最高值波动幅度高于日最低值,夏半年波动幅度又显著高于冬半年.
Ground temperature is an important parameter for research on the Earth-atmosphere system. Daliyaboyi at the lower reaches of the Keriya River is a typical primitive desert oasis in the Tarim Basin that is important for research on ecological processes, formation mechanisms, and evolution research of natural oases, but relevant meteorological data of the ground temperature is rarely published. Based on the ground temperature data(5-20 cm depths) obtained at the first regional meteorological station at Daliyaboyi for 2015-2016, the characteristics of daily and seasonal variations in the ground temperature have been analyzed. The results show that the intra-annual variation trends of the monthly mean value for each layer of ground temperature are consistent, which are all a sine curve, July is the peak and January is the lowest ebb. The variation in amplitude of the monthly mean value for the ground temperature at each layer decreases as the depth increases, the amplitude of fluctuation is the greatest in summer and the least in winter. Meanwhile, the annual mean ground temperature at all depths(about 14.8 ℃)is less than at Tazhong station(about 16 ℃) and the temperature fluctuation is relatively gentle, which shows the difference in environments between the oasis and the desert. Similar to changes within the year, diurnal variation at all depths of ground temperature showed a sinusoidal variation, the daily maximum and minimum values underwent phase lag as the depth increased and the amplitude decreased accordingly. Compared to Tazhong in July, the moments for the maximum and minimum value of the ground temperature at 5 cm appeared later, which was caused by their different soil thermal capacities. The fluctuation of the daily maximum value was larger than the minimum; Meanwhile, the fluctuation in the summer half of the year was larger than for the winter half of the year.
Ground temperature is an important parameter for research on the Earth-atmosphere system. Daliyaboyi at the lower reaches of the Keriya River is a typical primitive desert oasis in the Tarim Basin that is important for research on ecological processes, formation mechanisms, and evolution research of natural oases, but relevant meteorological data of the ground temperature is rarely published. Based on the ground temperature data(5-20 cm depths) obtained at the first regional meteorological station at Daliyaboyi for 2015-2016, the characteristics of daily and seasonal variations in the ground temperature have been analyzed. The results show that the intra-annual variation trends of the monthly mean value for each layer of ground temperature are consistent, which are all a sine curve, July is the peak and January is the lowest ebb. The variation in amplitude of the monthly mean value for the ground temperature at each layer decreases as the depth increases, the amplitude of fluctuation is the greatest in summer and the least in winter. Meanwhile, the annual mean ground temperature at all depths(about 14.8 ℃)is less than at Tazhong station(about 16 ℃) and the temperature fluctuation is relatively gentle, which shows the difference in environments between the oasis and the desert. Similar to changes within the year, diurnal variation at all depths of ground temperature showed a sinusoidal variation, the daily maximum and minimum values underwent phase lag as the depth increased and the amplitude decreased accordingly. Compared to Tazhong in July, the moments for the maximum and minimum value of the ground temperature at 5 cm appeared later, which was caused by their different soil thermal capacities. The fluctuation of the daily maximum value was larger than the minimum; Meanwhile, the fluctuation in the summer half of the year was larger than for the winter half of the year.
引文
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[12]任晓,穆桂金,徐立帅,等.塔里木盆地南缘2000―2013年人工绿洲扩张特点[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(5):1022-1030.REN X,MU G J,XU L S,et al.Characteristics of artificial oasis expansion in southTraim Basin from 2000 to 2013[J].Arid Land Geography,2015,38(5):1022-1030.(in Chinese)
[13]朱震达,陆锦华,江伟铮.塔克拉玛干沙漠克里雅河下游地区风沙地貌的形成发育与环境变化趋势的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,1988,8(2):1-10.ZHU Z D,LU J H,JIANG W Z.Study on formation and development of aeolian landform and trend of environmental change at lower reach of the Keriya River,Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,1988,8(2):1-10.(in Chinese)
[14]陈荷生.克里雅河流域生态环境变化与水资源合理利用[J].中国沙漠,1990,10(3):1-12.CHEN H S.Ecological environment changes and rational utilization of water resources in the Keriya River Basin[J].Journal of Desert Research,1990,10(3):1-12.(in Chinese)
[15]樊自立,季方.克里雅河中下游自然环境变迁与绿色走廊保护[J].干旱区研究,1989(3):16-24.FAN Z L,JI F.The changes of natural environment and the green corridor protection in middle-lower reaches of the Keriya River[J].Arid Zone Research,1989(3):16-24.(in Chinese)
[16]胡文康,张立运.克里雅河下游荒漠河岸植被的历史、现状和前景[J].干旱区地理,1990,13(1):46-51.HU W K,ZHANG L Y.History present condition and prospects of desert vegetation in the lower reaches of Keriya River[J].Arid Land Geography,1990,13(1):46-51.(in Chinese)
[17]李耀锟,巢纪平.孤立绿洲系统演化的动力学理论研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015,45(3):305-317.LI Y K,CHAO J P.The dynamical evolution theory of the isolated oasis system[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2015,45(3):305-317.(in Chinese)
[18]樊自立.塔里木盆地绿洲形成与演变[J].地理学报,1993,48(5):421-427.FAN Z L.A study on the formation and evolution of oases in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1993,48(5):421-427.(in Chinese)
[19]杨小平.绿洲演化与自然和人为因素的关系初探――以克里雅河下游地区为例[J].地学前缘,2001,8(1):83-89.YANG X P.The relationship between oases evolution and natural as well as human factors:evidences from the lower reaches of the Keriya River,southern Xinjiang,China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2001,8(1):83-89.(in Chinese)
[20]倪频融.达里雅博依绿洲的历史、现状及其演变前景[J].干旱区研究,1993(4):12-18.NI P R.Hisdery,present situation and evolution prospect of Daliyaboyi Oasis[J].Arid Zone Research,1993(4):12-18.(in Chinese)
[21]周兴佳,李保生,朱峰,等.南疆克里雅河绿洲发育和演化过程研究[J].云南地理环境研究,1996,8(2):44-57.ZHOU X J,LI B S,ZHU F,et al.The research on the development and evolution of the oasis of Keriya River in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,1996,8(2):44-57.(in Chinese)
[22]杨逸畴.克里雅河地貌的形成与演化[J].干旱区地理,1990,13(1):37-45.YANG Y C.Formation and evolution on Keriya River landforms[J].Arid Land Geography,1990,13(1):37-45.(in Chinese)
[23]陈鹏翔,江远安,刘精.新疆区域逐月缺测气温序列的插补及重建[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1237-1244.CHEN P X,JIANG Y A,LIU J.Interpolation and reconstruction of the missing monthly air temperature records in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(5):1237-1244.(in Chinese)
[2]张慧智,史学正,于东升,等.中国土壤温度的空间预测研究[J].土壤学报,2009,46(1):1-8.ZHANG H Z,SHI X Z,YU D S,et al.Spatial prediction of soil temperature in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2009,46(1):1-8.(in Chinese)
[3]张慧智,史学正,于东升,等.中国土壤温度的季节性变化及其区域分异研究[J].土壤学报,2009,46(2):227-234.ZHANG H Z,SHI X Z,YU D S,et al.Seasonal and regional variations of soil temperature in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2009,46(2):227-234.(in Chinese)
[4]王敏仲,魏文寿,何清,等.南疆沙漠腹地夏季晴天与沙尘日小气候观测对比分析[J].气象,2008,34(11):7-14.WANG M Z,WEI W S,HE Q,et al.Contrast analysis on microclimate characteristic of clear day and sand-dust day in Tazhong Station of desert hinterland of south Xinjiang in summer[J].Meteorological Monthly,2008,34(11):7-14.(in Chinese)
[5]贾效禄,杨青,霍文.塔中地区不同类型沙丘浅层地温观测[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(1):163-167.JIA X L,YANG Q,HUO W.Observation of ground temperature at shallow layer of different dune types in the Tazhong area[J].Arid Zone Research,2011,28(1):163-167.(in Chinese)
[6]黄洁,金莉莉,李振杰,等.南疆沙漠腹地地温变化特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(1):148-153.HUANG J,JIN L L,LI Z J,et al.Variation of soil temperature characteristics at Tazhong,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(1):148-153.(in Chinese)
[7]张杰.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙丘表面温度特征初探[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(5):592-595.ZHANG J.Temperature features of sand dune surface layer in hinterland of Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,2003,23(5):592-595.(in Chinese)
[8]魏文寿,王敏仲,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地近地边界层温湿廓线与热量平衡分析[J].科学通报,2008(S2):18-24.WEI W S,WANG M Z,HE Q,et al.Analyses of temperature and humidity profiles and heat balance of the surface boundary-layer in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008(S2):18-24.(in Chinese)
[9]曹兴,陈荣毅,杨举芳,等.沙漠腹地秋季地温变化特征及其与气温的关系[J].干旱气象,2011,29(4):433-438.CAO X,CHEN R Y,YANG J F,et al.Characteristics of soil temperature and its relationship with air temperature in autumn in the hinterland of the Guerbantonggute Desert[J].Journal of Arid Meteorology,2011,29(4):433-438.(in Chinese)
[10]董爽,王让会,宁虎森,等.人工绿洲生态系统中土壤和植被对土地利用变化的响应――以北屯绿洲为例[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(4):578-584.DONG S,WANG R H,NING H S,et al.Soil and vegetation response to land use/cover change in artificial oasis ecosystem:a case study of Beitun Oasis[J].Arid Land Geography,2009,32(4):578-584.(in Chinese)
[11]樊自立,马英杰,艾力西尔·库尔班,等.试论中国荒漠区人工绿洲生态系统的形成演变和可持续发展[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(1):10-16.FAN Z L,MA Y J,Ailixier Kuerban,et al.On formation evolution and sustainble development of artificial oasis ecosystem in desert area in China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2004,24(1):10-16.(in Chinese)
[12]任晓,穆桂金,徐立帅,等.塔里木盆地南缘2000―2013年人工绿洲扩张特点[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(5):1022-1030.REN X,MU G J,XU L S,et al.Characteristics of artificial oasis expansion in southTraim Basin from 2000 to 2013[J].Arid Land Geography,2015,38(5):1022-1030.(in Chinese)
[13]朱震达,陆锦华,江伟铮.塔克拉玛干沙漠克里雅河下游地区风沙地貌的形成发育与环境变化趋势的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,1988,8(2):1-10.ZHU Z D,LU J H,JIANG W Z.Study on formation and development of aeolian landform and trend of environmental change at lower reach of the Keriya River,Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,1988,8(2):1-10.(in Chinese)
[14]陈荷生.克里雅河流域生态环境变化与水资源合理利用[J].中国沙漠,1990,10(3):1-12.CHEN H S.Ecological environment changes and rational utilization of water resources in the Keriya River Basin[J].Journal of Desert Research,1990,10(3):1-12.(in Chinese)
[15]樊自立,季方.克里雅河中下游自然环境变迁与绿色走廊保护[J].干旱区研究,1989(3):16-24.FAN Z L,JI F.The changes of natural environment and the green corridor protection in middle-lower reaches of the Keriya River[J].Arid Zone Research,1989(3):16-24.(in Chinese)
[16]胡文康,张立运.克里雅河下游荒漠河岸植被的历史、现状和前景[J].干旱区地理,1990,13(1):46-51.HU W K,ZHANG L Y.History present condition and prospects of desert vegetation in the lower reaches of Keriya River[J].Arid Land Geography,1990,13(1):46-51.(in Chinese)
[17]李耀锟,巢纪平.孤立绿洲系统演化的动力学理论研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015,45(3):305-317.LI Y K,CHAO J P.The dynamical evolution theory of the isolated oasis system[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2015,45(3):305-317.(in Chinese)
[18]樊自立.塔里木盆地绿洲形成与演变[J].地理学报,1993,48(5):421-427.FAN Z L.A study on the formation and evolution of oases in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1993,48(5):421-427.(in Chinese)
[19]杨小平.绿洲演化与自然和人为因素的关系初探――以克里雅河下游地区为例[J].地学前缘,2001,8(1):83-89.YANG X P.The relationship between oases evolution and natural as well as human factors:evidences from the lower reaches of the Keriya River,southern Xinjiang,China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2001,8(1):83-89.(in Chinese)
[20]倪频融.达里雅博依绿洲的历史、现状及其演变前景[J].干旱区研究,1993(4):12-18.NI P R.Hisdery,present situation and evolution prospect of Daliyaboyi Oasis[J].Arid Zone Research,1993(4):12-18.(in Chinese)
[21]周兴佳,李保生,朱峰,等.南疆克里雅河绿洲发育和演化过程研究[J].云南地理环境研究,1996,8(2):44-57.ZHOU X J,LI B S,ZHU F,et al.The research on the development and evolution of the oasis of Keriya River in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,1996,8(2):44-57.(in Chinese)
[22]杨逸畴.克里雅河地貌的形成与演化[J].干旱区地理,1990,13(1):37-45.YANG Y C.Formation and evolution on Keriya River landforms[J].Arid Land Geography,1990,13(1):37-45.(in Chinese)
[23]陈鹏翔,江远安,刘精.新疆区域逐月缺测气温序列的插补及重建[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1237-1244.CHEN P X,JIANG Y A,LIU J.Interpolation and reconstruction of the missing monthly air temperature records in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(5):1237-1244.(in Chinese)