基于换电规则优化与车辆–电池组匹配的电动公交车充换电站充电优化策略
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摘要
考虑电动公交车换电模式下的换电规则具有灵活性、车辆与电池组的分离,以及公交车运行中规律性与不确定性并存的特点,提出一种基于换电规则优化、电池组与车辆匹配的充换电站日前优化–实时滚动修正两阶段充电优化策略。首先,建立换电规则模型与基于换电规则的车辆换电需求和电池组充电需求模型;建立匹配指标,提出基于熵权法的车辆换电需求与电池组充电需求匹配策略。在此基础上,日前优化策略以充电费用、充电负荷波动最小为目标,对换电规则与充电功率进行联合优化;实时滚动修正策略进行日前充电功率方案修正与异常情况处理。最后,对所提出的策略进行仿真验证,结果表明:所提出的优化策略能够有效降低充换电站的充电费用,平抑充电负荷波动,应对电动公交车实际运行不确定性与异常情况,为电动公交车充换电站的安全经济运行提供有力支撑。
Considering the flexible switching rules, the separation between buses and batteries of the electric buses switching mode, and the coexistence of regularity and uncertainty in the operation of buses, this paper proposed a two-stage optimized charging strategy combining day-ahead optimization with real-time dynamic correction based on the optimization of switching rules and matching of batteries and buses. Firstly, establish the switching rule model and the buses swapping demand and batteries charging demand model were established based on the switching rule. And this paper established matching indexes and proposed a matching strategy for batteries demand of electric buses and charging demand of batteries by entropy weight method. On this basis, the day-ahead optimization strategy ensured the minimization of the charging cost and the fluctuation of charging load curve by joint optimization of switching rule and charging power. The real-time dynamic correction strategy corrected the charging power and dealt with abnormal situation. Finally, through simulation verification on the proposed strategy, results show that the proposed optimization strategy can reduce the charging cost and stabilize the fluctuation of charging load curve of the charging and swapping station, and cope with the actual operation uncertainty and abnormal situation of electric buses effectively. It provides strong support for safe and economic operation of charging and swapping station for electric buses.
Considering the flexible switching rules, the separation between buses and batteries of the electric buses switching mode, and the coexistence of regularity and uncertainty in the operation of buses, this paper proposed a two-stage optimized charging strategy combining day-ahead optimization with real-time dynamic correction based on the optimization of switching rules and matching of batteries and buses. Firstly, establish the switching rule model and the buses swapping demand and batteries charging demand model were established based on the switching rule. And this paper established matching indexes and proposed a matching strategy for batteries demand of electric buses and charging demand of batteries by entropy weight method. On this basis, the day-ahead optimization strategy ensured the minimization of the charging cost and the fluctuation of charging load curve by joint optimization of switching rule and charging power. The real-time dynamic correction strategy corrected the charging power and dealt with abnormal situation. Finally, through simulation verification on the proposed strategy, results show that the proposed optimization strategy can reduce the charging cost and stabilize the fluctuation of charging load curve of the charging and swapping station, and cope with the actual operation uncertainty and abnormal situation of electric buses effectively. It provides strong support for safe and economic operation of charging and swapping station for electric buses.
引文
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[15]钱斌,石东源,谢平平,等.电动公交车换电站-电池充电站优化规划[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(2):64-69,84.Qian Bin,Shi Dongyuan,Xie Pingping,et al.Electric charging station-battery charging station of electric buses optimal planning[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(2):64-69,84(in Chinese).
[16]张帝,姜久春,张维戈,等.基于遗传算法的电动汽车换电站经济运行[J].电网技术,2013,37(8):2101-2107.Zhang Di,Jiang Jiuchun,Zhang Weige,et al.Electric vehicle power station economic operation based on genetic algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(8):2101-2107(in Chinese).
[17]杨少兵,吴命利,姜久春,等.快换式电动公交充电站经济运行优化策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(2):335-340.Yang Shaobing,Wu Mingli,Jiang Jiuchun,et al.Optimal strategy for economic operation of electric bus battery swapping station[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(2):335-340(in Chinese).
[18]阳岳希,胡泽春,宋永华.电动公交充换电站的优化运行研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(31):35-42.Yang Yuexi,Hu Zechun,Song Yonghua.Research on optimal operation of battery swapping and charging station for electric buses[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(31):35-42(in Chinese).
[19]You Pengcheng,Yang Zaiyue,Zhang Yongmin,et a1.Optimal charging schedule for a battery switching station serving electric buses[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(5):3473-3482.
[20]李斌,刘畅,陈慧妙,等.基于混合整数规划的电动公交车快速充电站有序充电策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(9):2623-2629.Li Bin,Liu Chang,Chen Huimiao,et al.Coordinated charging of plug-in electric buses in fast charging stations based on mixed-integer programming[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(9):2623-2629(in Chinese).
[21]Gurobi Optimization.Optimizer gurobi optimizer features&benefits[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].http://www.gurobi.com/products/features-benefits.
[22]Lofberg J.Yalmip:A toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB[C]//2004 IEEE International Symposium on Computer Aided Control Systems Design.Taipei,China:IEEE,2004:284-289.
[23]王名扬,张洪信,张铁柱,等.电动公交车实际运行耗电量响应面模型研究[J].青岛大学学报:工程技术版,2014,29(2):49-53.Wang Mingyang,Zhang Hongxin,Zhang Tiezhu,et al.Study on the model for actual operation power consumption of electric bus[J].Journal of Qingdao University:E&T,2014,29(2):49-53(in Chinese).
[2]李秋硕,肖湘宁,郭静,等.电动汽车有序充电方法研究[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):32-38.Li Qiushuo,Xiao Xiangning,Guo Jing,et al.Research on scheme for ordered charging of electric vehicles[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):32-38(in Chinese).
[3]田立亭,张明霞,汪奂伶.电动汽车对电网影响的评估和解决方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(31):43-49.Tian Liting,Zhang Mingxia,Wang Huanling.Evaluation and solution of electric vehicle’s impact on the grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(1):43-49(in Chinese).
[4]Singh M,Kar I,Kumar P.Influence of EV on grid power quality and optimizing the charging schedule to mitigate voltage imbalance and reduce power loss[C]//Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.Ohrid:IEEE,2010:196-203.
[5]Fernandez L P,Roman T G S,Cossent R.Assessment of the impact of plug-in electric vehicles on distribution networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,26(1):206-213.
[6]胡泽春,宋永华,徐智威,等.电动汽车接入电网的影响与利用[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(4):1-10.Hu Zechun,Song Yonghua,Xu Zhiwei,et al.Impacts and utilization of electric vehicles integration into powersystem[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(4):1-10(in Chinese).
[7]Sarker M R,Pandzic H,Ortega-Vazquez M A.Optimal operation and services scheduling for an electric vehicle battery swapping station[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(2):901-910.
[8]Hao Wu,G K Hung Pang,K L Choy,et al.An optimization model for electric vehicle battery charging at a battery swapping station[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2018,67(2):881-895.
[9]张颖,容展鹏,张宇雄,等.计及运营特性的电动汽车换电站时空双层调度[J].电网技术,2016,40(9):2616-2623.Zhang Ying,Rong Zhanpeng,Zhang Yuxiong,et a1.Study on electric vehicle battery swapping station space-time double scheduling consider in it’s operating characteristics[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(9):2616-2623(in Chinese).
[10]Kang Qi,Wang Jiabao,Zhou Mengchu,et a1.Centralized charging strategy and scheduling algorithm for electric vehicles under a battery swapping scenario[J]..IEEETransactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2016,17(3):659-668.
[11]Liu N,Chen Q F,Lu X Y,et al.A charging strategy for PV-based battery switch stations considering service availability and self-consumption of PV energy[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(8):4878-4889.
[12]Yang S,Yao J,Kang T,et al.Dynamic operation model of the battery swapping station for EV(electric vehicle)in electricity market[J].Energy,2014,65:544-549.
[13]曹一家,刘易珠,阙凌燕,等.换电站与电网协调的多目标双层实时充放电调度方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(4):1-7.Cao Yijia,Liu Yizhu,Que Lingyan,et al.Multi-objective bi-level real-time charging/discharging dispatch with coordination of BSS and grid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(4):1-7(in Chinese).
[14]陈征,刘念,路欣怡,等.考虑换电储备的电动汽车光伏换电站动态功率分配方法[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(4)::306-315.Chen Zheng,Liu Nian,Lu Xinyi,et al.Dynamic power distribution method of PV based battery switch stations considering battery reservation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(4):306-315.
[15]钱斌,石东源,谢平平,等.电动公交车换电站-电池充电站优化规划[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(2):64-69,84.Qian Bin,Shi Dongyuan,Xie Pingping,et al.Electric charging station-battery charging station of electric buses optimal planning[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(2):64-69,84(in Chinese).
[16]张帝,姜久春,张维戈,等.基于遗传算法的电动汽车换电站经济运行[J].电网技术,2013,37(8):2101-2107.Zhang Di,Jiang Jiuchun,Zhang Weige,et al.Electric vehicle power station economic operation based on genetic algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(8):2101-2107(in Chinese).
[17]杨少兵,吴命利,姜久春,等.快换式电动公交充电站经济运行优化策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(2):335-340.Yang Shaobing,Wu Mingli,Jiang Jiuchun,et al.Optimal strategy for economic operation of electric bus battery swapping station[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(2):335-340(in Chinese).
[18]阳岳希,胡泽春,宋永华.电动公交充换电站的优化运行研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(31):35-42.Yang Yuexi,Hu Zechun,Song Yonghua.Research on optimal operation of battery swapping and charging station for electric buses[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(31):35-42(in Chinese).
[19]You Pengcheng,Yang Zaiyue,Zhang Yongmin,et a1.Optimal charging schedule for a battery switching station serving electric buses[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(5):3473-3482.
[20]李斌,刘畅,陈慧妙,等.基于混合整数规划的电动公交车快速充电站有序充电策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(9):2623-2629.Li Bin,Liu Chang,Chen Huimiao,et al.Coordinated charging of plug-in electric buses in fast charging stations based on mixed-integer programming[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(9):2623-2629(in Chinese).
[21]Gurobi Optimization.Optimizer gurobi optimizer features&benefits[EB/OL].[2016-10-26].http://www.gurobi.com/products/features-benefits.
[22]Lofberg J.Yalmip:A toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB[C]//2004 IEEE International Symposium on Computer Aided Control Systems Design.Taipei,China:IEEE,2004:284-289.
[23]王名扬,张洪信,张铁柱,等.电动公交车实际运行耗电量响应面模型研究[J].青岛大学学报:工程技术版,2014,29(2):49-53.Wang Mingyang,Zhang Hongxin,Zhang Tiezhu,et al.Study on the model for actual operation power consumption of electric bus[J].Journal of Qingdao University:E&T,2014,29(2):49-53(in Chinese).