中美贸易战背景下知识产权异质均衡保护研究
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摘要
中美贸易战表面上是贸易之争,实则是以知识产权为核心的科技实力竞争。世界经济发展的趋势是"知识经济"和"经济全球化",两者共同指向知识产权保护。为与国际接轨,中国政府已积极依法严格保护知识产权,但始终不能满足美国苛刻的主观标准。从长远来看,世界统一的知识产权保护制度对不同国家存在巨大的效率差异,为从根本上解决知识产权争端,需根据国情精准区别,在适应生产力发展水平的基础上把握知识产权保护力度,建立更均衡的知识产权保护制度。本文从中美贸易战出发,回顾历史上三个阶段的中美知识产权争端,以知识产权壁垒、产业、企业三方面对知识产权进行相应的风险识别,从国内、国际层面分析提出了异质均衡保护,作为一种新的保护体系其意蕴是世界各国应站在人类命运共同体的高度,根据本国基本国情构建知识产权异质且均衡的保护体系以达到共同发展的目的。
The US-China trade war is superficially trade dispute, but essentially science and technology competition surrounding intellectual property. The world is developing toward "knowledge economy" and "economic globalization", both stress intellectual property protection. To keep up with the trend, Chinese government has taken strict measures to protect intellectual property, however can not satisfy US's harsh subjective standard. In the long run, a unified intellectual property protection system may produce different effects on different countries. To fundamentally resolve the intellectual property disputes, it is suggested to protect intellectual property in line with a country's production level and establish a balanced intellectual protection system. The paper sets out from the US-China trade war, reviews the US-China intellectual property disputes occurred in three historical stages, identifying risks from three aspects, namely, IP barrier, industry, and enterprises, and proposes the concept of heterogeneous balanced protection based on domestic and international analysis. As a new protection system, the heterogenous balanced protection means to construct a balanced protection system according to a nation's real situation, to achieve common development.
The US-China trade war is superficially trade dispute, but essentially science and technology competition surrounding intellectual property. The world is developing toward "knowledge economy" and "economic globalization", both stress intellectual property protection. To keep up with the trend, Chinese government has taken strict measures to protect intellectual property, however can not satisfy US's harsh subjective standard. In the long run, a unified intellectual property protection system may produce different effects on different countries. To fundamentally resolve the intellectual property disputes, it is suggested to protect intellectual property in line with a country's production level and establish a balanced intellectual protection system. The paper sets out from the US-China trade war, reviews the US-China intellectual property disputes occurred in three historical stages, identifying risks from three aspects, namely, IP barrier, industry, and enterprises, and proposes the concept of heterogeneous balanced protection based on domestic and international analysis. As a new protection system, the heterogenous balanced protection means to construct a balanced protection system according to a nation's real situation, to achieve common development.
引文
(1)参见陈积敏:《特朗普时期的中美关系评析》,载《和平与发展》2017年第4期,第26-42页。
(2)参见曹新明、刘云开:《美国对华“301调查”所涉知识产权问题及其应对》,载https://doi.org/10.15983/j.cnki.sxss.2018.0526,最后访问日期:2018年7月27日。
(3)参见金明浩:《中国企业海外知识产权纠纷应对机制分析》,载《湖北社会科学》2018第2期,第169-177页。
(4)参见吴蕊:《知识产权保护与发展中国家经济增长问题探析——以中国为例》,苏州大学2008年硕士学位论文,第17-19页。
(5)参见张守文:《中美贸易知识产权争端的现状及对策研究——基于中兴通讯的案例分析》,载《新金融》2018年第6期,第6-40页。
(6)参见丁文君:《发展中国家的知识产权保护与自主创新》,武汉大学2014年博士学位论文,第21-54页。
(7)参见刘介明、陈旭:《企业海外经营中的知识产权风险防控能力研究》,载《知识产权》2017年第7期,第88-92页。
(8)参见杨德祥、程少荣:《信息资源共建共享与知识产权保护》,载《科技信息》2003第8期,第47-48页。
(9)参见冯晓青:《我国<著作权法>对作品权益分配的均衡思想探析》,载《知识产权》1996年第4期,第16-18页、第44页。
(10)Helpman E.Innovation, Imitation, and Intellectual Property Rights Journal of the Econometric Society, 1993, 61(6):1247-1280; Helpman E. A Simple Theoiy of International Trade with Multinational Corporations Journal of Political Economy, 1984, 92(3), 451-471.
(2)参见曹新明、刘云开:《美国对华“301调查”所涉知识产权问题及其应对》,载https://doi.org/10.15983/j.cnki.sxss.2018.0526,最后访问日期:2018年7月27日。
(3)参见金明浩:《中国企业海外知识产权纠纷应对机制分析》,载《湖北社会科学》2018第2期,第169-177页。
(4)参见吴蕊:《知识产权保护与发展中国家经济增长问题探析——以中国为例》,苏州大学2008年硕士学位论文,第17-19页。
(5)参见张守文:《中美贸易知识产权争端的现状及对策研究——基于中兴通讯的案例分析》,载《新金融》2018年第6期,第6-40页。
(6)参见丁文君:《发展中国家的知识产权保护与自主创新》,武汉大学2014年博士学位论文,第21-54页。
(7)参见刘介明、陈旭:《企业海外经营中的知识产权风险防控能力研究》,载《知识产权》2017年第7期,第88-92页。
(8)参见杨德祥、程少荣:《信息资源共建共享与知识产权保护》,载《科技信息》2003第8期,第47-48页。
(9)参见冯晓青:《我国<著作权法>对作品权益分配的均衡思想探析》,载《知识产权》1996年第4期,第16-18页、第44页。
(10)Helpman E.Innovation, Imitation, and Intellectual Property Rights Journal of the Econometric Society, 1993, 61(6):1247-1280; Helpman E. A Simple Theoiy of International Trade with Multinational Corporations Journal of Political Economy, 1984, 92(3), 451-471.