落叶松凋落物层和土壤层1～5级细根形态和结构特征
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摘要
以黑龙江省帽儿山地区兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii Rupr.)人工林为研究对象,比较了凋落物层和土壤层(0～30 cm深度,10 cm为间隔)1～5级细根直径、比根长、组织密度、分支比和分支强度的差异,以及这些特征在整个生长季中的变化。结果表明,随垂直层深度的增加,3～5级根直径增加、比根长下降,1～2级根的变化不明显,而组织密度没有明显变化规律。分支比和分支强度在凋落物层和土壤层间没有显著的差异。取样时间对直径、分支比和分支强度有显著影响,但与根序和垂直层存在交互作用。这些发现证实,落叶松根系资源觅食策略随生长环境的不同做出了改变。
We examined the underlying differences in the diameter,specific root length,tissue density,branching ratio and branching intensity of the first to the fifth order roots between litter and three soil horizons(0-30 cm depth with 10-cm intervals),and determined their variations among seasons in a Larix gmelinii Rupr. plantation in Maoershan Mountains,Heilongjiang Province,China. Our results showed that root diameter of the third to the fifth orders increased,specific root length decreased associated with vertical depth increasing,but those of the first two order roots did not show apparent trends. Tissue densities of all five order roots did not show clear variations with depth increasing. There were no significant differences in branching ratio and branching intensity of roots between litter layer and soil layers. Sampling time had significant impacts on root diameter,branching ratio and branching intensity,with significant interactions with branch order and vertical layer. Our findings suggested that root resources foraging strategy of L. gmelinii varied with the growing environments.
We examined the underlying differences in the diameter,specific root length,tissue density,branching ratio and branching intensity of the first to the fifth order roots between litter and three soil horizons(0-30 cm depth with 10-cm intervals),and determined their variations among seasons in a Larix gmelinii Rupr. plantation in Maoershan Mountains,Heilongjiang Province,China. Our results showed that root diameter of the third to the fifth orders increased,specific root length decreased associated with vertical depth increasing,but those of the first two order roots did not show apparent trends. Tissue densities of all five order roots did not show clear variations with depth increasing. There were no significant differences in branching ratio and branching intensity of roots between litter layer and soil layers. Sampling time had significant impacts on root diameter,branching ratio and branching intensity,with significant interactions with branch order and vertical layer. Our findings suggested that root resources foraging strategy of L. gmelinii varied with the growing environments.
引文
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[21] HODGE A. The plastic plant: root responses to heterogeneous supplies of nutrients[J]. New Phytologist,2004,162(1):9-24.
[22] 王微,胡凯,党成强,等.凋落物分解与细根生长的相互作用[J].林业科学,2016,52(4):100-109.
[23] 伍恩华,刘强.海南岛北部木麻黄林凋落物与土壤养分、细根生物量的关系[J].广西植物,2013(4):488-495.
[24] GU J, WANG Y, FAHEY T J, et al. Effects of root diameter, branch order, soil depth and season of birth on fine root life span in five temperate tree species[J]. European Journal of Forest Research,2017,136(4):727-738.
[25] 贾淑霞,赵妍丽,丁国泉,等.落叶松和水曲柳不同根序细根形态结构、组织氮浓度与根呼吸的关系[J].植物学报,2010,45(2):174-181.
[2] STRAND A E, PRITCHARD S G, MCCORMACK M L, et al. Irreconcilable differences: fine-root life spans and soil carbon persistence[J]. Science,2008,319:456-458.DOI:10.1126/science1151382.
[3] GUO D, XIA M, WEI X, et al. Anatomical traits associated with absorption and mycorrhizal colonization are linked to root branch order in twenty-three Chinese temperate tree species[J]. New Phytologist,2008,180(3):673-683.
[4] PREGITZER K S, DEFOREST J L, BURTON A J, et al. Fine root architecture of nine North American trees[J]. Ecological Monographs,2002,72(2):293-309.
[5] VALVERDE-BARRANTES O J, FRESCHET G T, ROUME T C, et al. A worldview of root traits: the influence of ancestry, growth form, climate and mycorrhizal association on the functional trait variation of fine-root tissues in seed plants[J]. New Phytologist,2017,215(4):1562-1573.
[6] FUJIMAKI R, MCGONIGLE T P, TAKEDA H. Soil micro-habitat effects on fine roots of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.: A field experiment using root ingrowth cores[J]. Plant and Soil,2004,266(1/2):325-332.
[7] SAYER E J, TANNER E V J, CHEESMAN A W. Increased litterfall changes fine root distribution in a moist tropical forest[J]. Plant and Soil,2006,281(1/2):5-13.
[8] ACHAT D L, BAKKER M R, TRICHET P. Rooting patterns and fine root biomass of Pinus pinaster assessed by trench wall and core methods[J]. Journal of Forest Research,2008,13(3):165-175.
[9] 马承恩,孔德良,陈正侠,等.根系在凋落物层中的生长及其对凋落物分解的影响[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(11):1197-1204.
[10] FAHEY T J, HUGHES J W. Fine root dynamics in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem, hubbard brook experimental forest, NH[J]. Journal of Ecology,1994,82(3):533-548.
[11] BOEKEN W, KOSSMANNG, MATZNER E. Biomass, morphology and nutrient contents of fine roots in four Norway spruce stands[J]. Plant and Soil,2007,292(1/2):79-93.
[12] LIU R, HUANG Z, MCCORMACK M L, et al. Plasticity of fine-root functional traits in the litter layer in response to nitrogen addition in a subtropical forest plantation[J]. Plant and Soil,2017,415(1/2):317-330.
[13] WANG Z, GUO D, WANG X, et al. Fine root architecture, morphology, and biomass of different branch orders of two Chinese temperate tree species[J]. Plant and Soil,2006,288(1/2):155-171.
[14] KONG D, MA C, ZHANG Q, et al. Leading dimensions in absorptive root trait variation across 96 subtropical forest species[J]. New Phytologist,2014,203(3):863-872.
[15] GU J, XU Y, DONG X, et al. Root diameter variations explained by anatomy and phylogeny of 50 tropical and temperate tree species[J]. Tree Physiology,2014,34(4):415-425.
[16] 陈立新,陈祥伟,段文标.落叶松人工林凋落物与土壤肥力变化的研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(6):581-586.
[17] 王向荣,王政权,韩有志,等.水曲柳和落叶松不同根序之间细根直径的变异研究[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(6):871-877.
[18] 梅莉,王政权,韩有志,等.水曲柳根系生物量、比根长和根长密度的分布格局[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(1):1-4.
[19] BENGOUGH A G, BRANSBY M F, HANS J, et al. Root responses to soil physical conditions; growth dynamics from field to cell[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2006,57(2):437-447.
[20] HOLDAWAY R J, RICHARDSON S J, DICKIE I A, et al. Species-and community-level patterns in fine root traits along a 120000-year soil chronosequence in temperate rain forest[J]. Journal of Ecology,2011,99(4):954-963.
[21] HODGE A. The plastic plant: root responses to heterogeneous supplies of nutrients[J]. New Phytologist,2004,162(1):9-24.
[22] 王微,胡凯,党成强,等.凋落物分解与细根生长的相互作用[J].林业科学,2016,52(4):100-109.
[23] 伍恩华,刘强.海南岛北部木麻黄林凋落物与土壤养分、细根生物量的关系[J].广西植物,2013(4):488-495.
[24] GU J, WANG Y, FAHEY T J, et al. Effects of root diameter, branch order, soil depth and season of birth on fine root life span in five temperate tree species[J]. European Journal of Forest Research,2017,136(4):727-738.
[25] 贾淑霞,赵妍丽,丁国泉,等.落叶松和水曲柳不同根序细根形态结构、组织氮浓度与根呼吸的关系[J].植物学报,2010,45(2):174-181.