外源GA_3对太子参块根发育及赤霉素生物合成的调控
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摘要
内源激素是植物生长发育的重要调节系统,对植物器官的形态建成具有重要意义。本研究采用外施赤霉素(GA_3)或赤霉素抑制剂(PBZ)处理太子参种苗,探讨外源赤霉素对太子参内源赤霉素及块根形成的影响。结果表明,喷施外源赤霉素可显著增加株高、茎节数,但降低叶厚及地上茎粗,抑制太子参块根的形成。外施赤霉素早期迅速降低块根内源赤霉素含量,并在后期维持块根中内源赤霉素在较高水平。多效唑缓慢降低内源赤霉素水平,但在块根发育后期维持较高的赤霉素含量。外源赤霉素能显著降低GA20氧化酶、GA_3氧化酶及受体蛋白基因GID1的表达水平;多效唑长期处理能显著提高降低GA20氧化酶、GA_3氧化酶的表达水平,但降低受体蛋白基因GID1的表达水平。长期外施赤霉素与多效唑对植物内源赤霉素具有动态调节的作用,且内源赤霉素的生物合成具有显著的反馈调节机制。
Endogenous hormones were always considered as an important regulation system in plants, which play a crucial role in morphogenesis of organs. In this study, GA_3 and PBZ were used to treat the germchit of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, to study the effects of exogenous gibberellin on endogenous gibberellins and development of tuberous root in Pseudostellaria heterophylla. The results showed that exogenous gibberellins could significantly increase the plant height and number of stem nodes, decrease the leaf thickness and stem diameter, and suppress the formation of tuberous root of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Exogenous gibberellins could rapidly decrease the content of endogenous gibberellins in the earlier stage and high level of endogenous gibberellins was kept in the late stage. PBZ could also gradually decrease the content of endogenous gibberellins in the earlier stage, but high level of endogenous gibberellins can also be maintained in the late stage. The expression level of GA20oxs, GA3ox and GID1 s were down-regulated in plants with treated by exogenous gibberellins, while GA20oxs and GA3ox were up-regulated with treated by PBZ. The expression level of gibberellins receptors GID1 s were also down-regulated with treated by PBZ. There was a dynamic regulation of endogenous gibberellins in plants treated by exogenousgibberellins and PBZ and a distinct feedback regulation mechanism in biosynthesis of endogenous gibberellins.
Endogenous hormones were always considered as an important regulation system in plants, which play a crucial role in morphogenesis of organs. In this study, GA_3 and PBZ were used to treat the germchit of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, to study the effects of exogenous gibberellin on endogenous gibberellins and development of tuberous root in Pseudostellaria heterophylla. The results showed that exogenous gibberellins could significantly increase the plant height and number of stem nodes, decrease the leaf thickness and stem diameter, and suppress the formation of tuberous root of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Exogenous gibberellins could rapidly decrease the content of endogenous gibberellins in the earlier stage and high level of endogenous gibberellins was kept in the late stage. PBZ could also gradually decrease the content of endogenous gibberellins in the earlier stage, but high level of endogenous gibberellins can also be maintained in the late stage. The expression level of GA20oxs, GA3ox and GID1 s were down-regulated in plants with treated by exogenous gibberellins, while GA20oxs and GA3ox were up-regulated with treated by PBZ. The expression level of gibberellins receptors GID1 s were also down-regulated with treated by PBZ. There was a dynamic regulation of endogenous gibberellins in plants treated by exogenousgibberellins and PBZ and a distinct feedback regulation mechanism in biosynthesis of endogenous gibberellins.
引文
Chen Y.W.,Ding Y.H.,Li C.Y.,Chen F.Q.,Yang S.T.,Chen J.,Li S.,and Gao X.Y.,2011,Study on effects of Dangshen"Zhuanggenling"on quality of Codondpisis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf,Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis),31(2):254-257(陈玉武,丁永辉,李成义,陈奋旗,杨水涛,陈静,李硕,高晓昱,2011,党参壮根灵对党参质量影响的研究,药物分析杂志,31(2):254-257)
Gu X.H.,Guo B.L.,Tian J.,Ge F.,Pan J.Q.,and Zhi H.C.,2017,Utilization of plant growth regulators in growth and cultivation of medicinal plants,Zhongguo Xiandai Zhongyao(Modern Chinese Medicine),19(2):295-305(谷小红,郭宝林,田景,葛菲,潘俊倩,植汉成,2017,植物生长调节剂在药用植物生长发育和栽培中的应用,中国现代中药,19(2):295-305)
Hannapel D.J.,Chen H.F.,and Rosin M.,2004,Molecular controls of tuberization,Am.J.Potato.Res.,81(4):263-274
Huang X.,Jiang C.,Liao L.,and Fu X.,2006,Progress on molecular foundation of biosynthesis pathway and signaling,Zhiwu Xuebao(Chinese Bulletin of Botany),23(5):499-510(黄先忠,蒋才富,廖立力,傅向东,2006,赤霉素作用机理的分子基础与调控模式研究进展,植物学报,23(5):499-510)
King R.W.,1976,Abscisic acid in developing wheat rains and its relationship to grain growth and maturation,Planta,132(1):43-56
Kloosterman B.,Navarro C.,Bijsterbosch G.,Lange T.,Prat S.Visser R.G.,and Bachem C.W.,2007,StGA2ox1 is induced prior to stolon swelling and controls GA levels during potato tuber development,Plant J.,52(2):362-373
Liu F.,Wang J.Y.,and Zhou Y.W.,2013,Research progress on molecular regulation mechanisms in bulbous plants at dormancy,Caoye Xuebao(Acta Prataculturae Sinica),22(6):295-304(刘芳,王家艳,周蕴薇,2013,球根植物休眠调控的分子机制研究进展,草业学报,22(6):295-304)
Liu X.,Chen B.,and Wang Y.X.,2000,Study on anti-stress and immune enhancement of Polysaccharide of Pseudostellaria heterophylla,Jiangsu Zhongyiyao(Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine),21(10):51-52(刘训红,陈彬,王玉玺,2000太子参多糖抗应激和免疫增强作用的实验研究,江苏中医药,21(10):51-52)
Liu Y.H.,2008,Characterization of a dwarf mutant in Dasypyrum villosum,Dissertation for Ph.D.,Laboratory of Agricultura Biotechnology and Plant Breeding Chengdu Institute of Biology,The Chinese Academay of Sciences,Supervisor:Yu M.Q.,pp.1-30(刘英华,2008,簇毛麦(Dasypyrum villosum)矮秆突变体的研究,博士学位论文,中国科学院成都生物研究所,导师:余懋群,pp.1-30)
Matsuo T.,Mitsuzono H.,Okada R.,and Itoo S.,1988,Variations in the levels of major free cytokinins and free abscisic acid during tuber development of sweet potato,J.Plant Growth Regul.,7(4):249-258
Melis R.J.M.,and Staden J.V.,1985,Tuberization in cassava(Manihot esculenta):cytokinin and abscisic acid activity in tuberous roots,J.Plant Physiol.,118(4):357-66
Nakatani M.,and Komeichi M.,1991,Changes in the endogenous level of zeatin riboside,abscisic acid and acetic acid during formation and thickening of tuberous root in swee potato,Japan J.Crop Sci.,60(1):91-100
Sakakibara H.,2006,Cytokinins:activity,biosynthesis,and translocation,Annu.Rev.Plant Biol.,57:431
Shi C.X.,Wang Z.L.,GuoF.F.,and Yu S.L.,2002,Changes of ATPase activity,ATP and ABA content in storage roots during storage root thickening of sweet potato,Acta Bot.Boreal-Occident Sin.,22(2):315-320
Takahashi K.,Fujino K.,Kikuta Y.,and Koda Y.,1994,Expansion of potato cells in response to jasmonic acid,Plant Sci.100(1):3-8
Tuominen H.,Puech L.,Fink S.,and Sundberg B.,1997,A radia concentration gradient of indole-3-acetic acid is related to secondary xylem development in hybrid aspen,Plant Physiol.,115(2):577-585
Xiao C.H.,Zhou T.,Jiang W.K.,Liao M.W.,Xiong H.X.,Ai Q.a nd Chen C.Y.,2013,Comparative analysis of main agronomic traits and interrelationships in cultivation provenances of Pesudostellaria heterophylla from Guizhou province,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica),38(6):812-816(肖承鸿,周涛,江维克,廖明武,熊厚溪,艾强,陈传艺,2013,贵州栽培太子参主要农艺性状比较及相互关系研究,中国中药杂志,38(6):812-816)
Xie B.T.,Wang Q.M.,Zhang H.Y.,Li A.X.,Hou F.Y.,Wang B.Q.,Dong S.X.,and Zhang L.M.,2016,The effect of plant growth regulators on the yield and phytohormone concentration in sweet potato,Huabei Nongxuebao(Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica),31(1):155-161(解备涛,王庆美,张海燕,李爱贤,侯夫云,汪宝卿,董顺旭,张立明,2016,植物生长调节剂对甘薯产量和激素含量的影响,华北农学报,31(1):155-161)
Zeng L.J.,Lin M.Z.,Li Z.F.,Dai L.Q.,Li J.,Li J.J.,and Zhang C.Y.,2012,Effects of continuous cropping on photosynthesis and medicinal quality of Pseudostellariae heterophylla,Zuowu Xuebao(Acta Agronomica Sinica),38(8):1522-1528(曾令杰,林茂兹,李振方,戴林泉,李吉,李晶晶,张重义,2012,连作对太子参光合作用及药用品质的影响,作物学报,38(8):1522-1528)
Zhai Y.Y.,Guo B.L.,and Huang W.H.,2015,Detection of agent"zhuanggenling"and investigation of utilization of plant growth retardants in traditional Chinese medicine cultivation,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica),40(3):414-420(翟宇瑶,郭宝林,黄文华,2015,“壮根灵”类药剂检测及植物生长延缓剂在根及根茎类道地药材栽培中使用情况调查,中国中药杂志,40(3):414-420)
Zhang L.M.,Wang Q.M.,and He Z.P.,2007,Effects of virus-eliminating and plant growth regulators on the endogenous level of hormone and tuber root yield of sweetpotato,Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Scientia Agricultura Ainica),40(1):70-77(张立明,王庆美,何钟佩,2007,脱毒和生长调节剂对甘薯内源激素含量及块根产量的影响,中国农业科学,40(1):70-77)
Zhang M.S.,Zhang Z.A.,and Xu K.Z.,2003,Effects of B9 and PP333 on the growth and leaf photosynthetic characteristics in Panax ginseng plants,Zhiwu Shengli Xuebao(Plant Physiology Communications),39(5):455-457(张美善,张治安,徐克章,2003,B9和PP333对人参生长和叶片光合特性的影响,植物生理学报,39(5):455-457)
Zhong X.Q.,and Wang H.Z.,2001,Progress on GA biosynthesis and regulation in higher plants,Zhiwu Xuebao(Chinese Bulletin of Botany),18(3):303-307(钟希琼,王惠珍,2001,高等植物赤霉素生物合成及其调节研究进展,植物学报,18(3):303-307)
Zhou M.B.,and Tang D.Q.,2004,Research progress of gibberellin biosynthesis and its key enzymes in higher plants Zhejiang Nonglin Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College),21(3):44-348(周明兵,汤定钦,2004,高等植物赤霉素生物合成及其关键酶的研究进展,浙江农林大学学报,21(3):344-348)
Zhu H.X.,ed.,2010,Application guide for common plant growth regulators,Chemical Industry Press,Beijing,China,pp.1-30(朱蕙香,编著,2010,常用植物生长调节剂应用指南,化学工业出版社,中国,北京,pp.1-30)
Gu X.H.,Guo B.L.,Tian J.,Ge F.,Pan J.Q.,and Zhi H.C.,2017,Utilization of plant growth regulators in growth and cultivation of medicinal plants,Zhongguo Xiandai Zhongyao(Modern Chinese Medicine),19(2):295-305(谷小红,郭宝林,田景,葛菲,潘俊倩,植汉成,2017,植物生长调节剂在药用植物生长发育和栽培中的应用,中国现代中药,19(2):295-305)
Hannapel D.J.,Chen H.F.,and Rosin M.,2004,Molecular controls of tuberization,Am.J.Potato.Res.,81(4):263-274
Huang X.,Jiang C.,Liao L.,and Fu X.,2006,Progress on molecular foundation of biosynthesis pathway and signaling,Zhiwu Xuebao(Chinese Bulletin of Botany),23(5):499-510(黄先忠,蒋才富,廖立力,傅向东,2006,赤霉素作用机理的分子基础与调控模式研究进展,植物学报,23(5):499-510)
King R.W.,1976,Abscisic acid in developing wheat rains and its relationship to grain growth and maturation,Planta,132(1):43-56
Kloosterman B.,Navarro C.,Bijsterbosch G.,Lange T.,Prat S.Visser R.G.,and Bachem C.W.,2007,StGA2ox1 is induced prior to stolon swelling and controls GA levels during potato tuber development,Plant J.,52(2):362-373
Liu F.,Wang J.Y.,and Zhou Y.W.,2013,Research progress on molecular regulation mechanisms in bulbous plants at dormancy,Caoye Xuebao(Acta Prataculturae Sinica),22(6):295-304(刘芳,王家艳,周蕴薇,2013,球根植物休眠调控的分子机制研究进展,草业学报,22(6):295-304)
Liu X.,Chen B.,and Wang Y.X.,2000,Study on anti-stress and immune enhancement of Polysaccharide of Pseudostellaria heterophylla,Jiangsu Zhongyiyao(Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine),21(10):51-52(刘训红,陈彬,王玉玺,2000太子参多糖抗应激和免疫增强作用的实验研究,江苏中医药,21(10):51-52)
Liu Y.H.,2008,Characterization of a dwarf mutant in Dasypyrum villosum,Dissertation for Ph.D.,Laboratory of Agricultura Biotechnology and Plant Breeding Chengdu Institute of Biology,The Chinese Academay of Sciences,Supervisor:Yu M.Q.,pp.1-30(刘英华,2008,簇毛麦(Dasypyrum villosum)矮秆突变体的研究,博士学位论文,中国科学院成都生物研究所,导师:余懋群,pp.1-30)
Matsuo T.,Mitsuzono H.,Okada R.,and Itoo S.,1988,Variations in the levels of major free cytokinins and free abscisic acid during tuber development of sweet potato,J.Plant Growth Regul.,7(4):249-258
Melis R.J.M.,and Staden J.V.,1985,Tuberization in cassava(Manihot esculenta):cytokinin and abscisic acid activity in tuberous roots,J.Plant Physiol.,118(4):357-66
Nakatani M.,and Komeichi M.,1991,Changes in the endogenous level of zeatin riboside,abscisic acid and acetic acid during formation and thickening of tuberous root in swee potato,Japan J.Crop Sci.,60(1):91-100
Sakakibara H.,2006,Cytokinins:activity,biosynthesis,and translocation,Annu.Rev.Plant Biol.,57:431
Shi C.X.,Wang Z.L.,GuoF.F.,and Yu S.L.,2002,Changes of ATPase activity,ATP and ABA content in storage roots during storage root thickening of sweet potato,Acta Bot.Boreal-Occident Sin.,22(2):315-320
Takahashi K.,Fujino K.,Kikuta Y.,and Koda Y.,1994,Expansion of potato cells in response to jasmonic acid,Plant Sci.100(1):3-8
Tuominen H.,Puech L.,Fink S.,and Sundberg B.,1997,A radia concentration gradient of indole-3-acetic acid is related to secondary xylem development in hybrid aspen,Plant Physiol.,115(2):577-585
Xiao C.H.,Zhou T.,Jiang W.K.,Liao M.W.,Xiong H.X.,Ai Q.a nd Chen C.Y.,2013,Comparative analysis of main agronomic traits and interrelationships in cultivation provenances of Pesudostellaria heterophylla from Guizhou province,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica),38(6):812-816(肖承鸿,周涛,江维克,廖明武,熊厚溪,艾强,陈传艺,2013,贵州栽培太子参主要农艺性状比较及相互关系研究,中国中药杂志,38(6):812-816)
Xie B.T.,Wang Q.M.,Zhang H.Y.,Li A.X.,Hou F.Y.,Wang B.Q.,Dong S.X.,and Zhang L.M.,2016,The effect of plant growth regulators on the yield and phytohormone concentration in sweet potato,Huabei Nongxuebao(Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica),31(1):155-161(解备涛,王庆美,张海燕,李爱贤,侯夫云,汪宝卿,董顺旭,张立明,2016,植物生长调节剂对甘薯产量和激素含量的影响,华北农学报,31(1):155-161)
Zeng L.J.,Lin M.Z.,Li Z.F.,Dai L.Q.,Li J.,Li J.J.,and Zhang C.Y.,2012,Effects of continuous cropping on photosynthesis and medicinal quality of Pseudostellariae heterophylla,Zuowu Xuebao(Acta Agronomica Sinica),38(8):1522-1528(曾令杰,林茂兹,李振方,戴林泉,李吉,李晶晶,张重义,2012,连作对太子参光合作用及药用品质的影响,作物学报,38(8):1522-1528)
Zhai Y.Y.,Guo B.L.,and Huang W.H.,2015,Detection of agent"zhuanggenling"and investigation of utilization of plant growth retardants in traditional Chinese medicine cultivation,Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi(China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica),40(3):414-420(翟宇瑶,郭宝林,黄文华,2015,“壮根灵”类药剂检测及植物生长延缓剂在根及根茎类道地药材栽培中使用情况调查,中国中药杂志,40(3):414-420)
Zhang L.M.,Wang Q.M.,and He Z.P.,2007,Effects of virus-eliminating and plant growth regulators on the endogenous level of hormone and tuber root yield of sweetpotato,Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Scientia Agricultura Ainica),40(1):70-77(张立明,王庆美,何钟佩,2007,脱毒和生长调节剂对甘薯内源激素含量及块根产量的影响,中国农业科学,40(1):70-77)
Zhang M.S.,Zhang Z.A.,and Xu K.Z.,2003,Effects of B9 and PP333 on the growth and leaf photosynthetic characteristics in Panax ginseng plants,Zhiwu Shengli Xuebao(Plant Physiology Communications),39(5):455-457(张美善,张治安,徐克章,2003,B9和PP333对人参生长和叶片光合特性的影响,植物生理学报,39(5):455-457)
Zhong X.Q.,and Wang H.Z.,2001,Progress on GA biosynthesis and regulation in higher plants,Zhiwu Xuebao(Chinese Bulletin of Botany),18(3):303-307(钟希琼,王惠珍,2001,高等植物赤霉素生物合成及其调节研究进展,植物学报,18(3):303-307)
Zhou M.B.,and Tang D.Q.,2004,Research progress of gibberellin biosynthesis and its key enzymes in higher plants Zhejiang Nonglin Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College),21(3):44-348(周明兵,汤定钦,2004,高等植物赤霉素生物合成及其关键酶的研究进展,浙江农林大学学报,21(3):344-348)
Zhu H.X.,ed.,2010,Application guide for common plant growth regulators,Chemical Industry Press,Beijing,China,pp.1-30(朱蕙香,编著,2010,常用植物生长调节剂应用指南,化学工业出版社,中国,北京,pp.1-30)