木薯与花生间作对产量和养分的影响
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摘要
设木薯单作、花生单作、木薯与花生间作3个处理,研究间作对木薯与花生产量和养分的影响。结果表明:与单作木薯、单作花生相比,在木薯苗期即花生花针期,间作对木薯和花生的生长影响不大;在木薯块根形成期即花生结荚期,间作促进花生的生长,但木薯的株高、茎径和生物量被抑制;间作木薯根、茎、叶中氮、磷含量比单作分别降低16.53%～19.64%、9.20%～25.24%,根、茎中的钾含量比单作分别降低31.29%、1.17%;在木薯块根膨大初期即花生收获期,虽然间作花生的荚果产量比单作降低19.25%,但间作中花生偏土地当量比PLER>f,花生表现为间作产量优势,木薯表现为间作产量劣势;在木薯收获期,间作木薯的株高、茎径、鲜薯产量和淀粉产量均接近于单作木薯,说明间作木薯在生长过程中存在"竞争–恢复"现象;共生期,间作木薯根中钙、镁、锌、锰含量比单作分别提高18.62%～42.86%、7.84%～44.44%、12.50%～39.84%、24.00%～58.33%,茎中4种微量元素的含量在不同生育期显著增加,说明间作对木薯根、茎中的钙、镁、锌和锰含量在不同生育期具有"生物强化"作用。
To study the effects of cassava/peanut intercropping(C/P) on their yield and nutrient content, three treatments:cassava monoculture(MC), peanut monoculture(MP) and cassava/peanut intercropping(C/P) were conducted. Compared to MC or MP alone, at seedling stage of cassava(flowering–pegging stage of peanut), C/P had very few influence on the growth of cassava and peanut. However, at foot formation stage of cassava(pod setting stage of peanut), the biomass of intercropped peanut in stem and leaf significantly gained significantly, while the height, stem diameter and biomass of intercropped cassava were obviously suppressed. The N,P content of intercropped cassava in root, stem, leaf decreased16.53%–19.64%、9.20%–25.24%, respectively; while the K content of intercropped cassava in root and stem decreased31.29% and 1.17%, respectively. At root early enlargement stage of cassava(mature stage of peanut), although the pod yield of intercropped peanut significantly decreased by 19.25%, intercropped peanut showed yield advantage and intercropped cassava showed yield disadvantage when compared the land equivalent ratio of cassava with peanut. At harvest stage of cassava, the height, stem diameter, starch yield and fresh root yield of intercropped cassava were close to MC, indicating that intercropped cassava had competition–recovery effect during the growth stage of cassava. Compared with MC, the calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese content of intercropped cassava in foot increased18.62%–42.86%, 7.84%–44.44%, 12.50%–39.84%, 24.00%–58.33%, respectively during the co–growth stage, and the above 4 elements significantly increased in the intercropped cassava stem at different growing stage. The results indicated that calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese biofortification strategies can be reached in cassava foot and stem by intercropping with peanut at different growing stages.
To study the effects of cassava/peanut intercropping(C/P) on their yield and nutrient content, three treatments:cassava monoculture(MC), peanut monoculture(MP) and cassava/peanut intercropping(C/P) were conducted. Compared to MC or MP alone, at seedling stage of cassava(flowering–pegging stage of peanut), C/P had very few influence on the growth of cassava and peanut. However, at foot formation stage of cassava(pod setting stage of peanut), the biomass of intercropped peanut in stem and leaf significantly gained significantly, while the height, stem diameter and biomass of intercropped cassava were obviously suppressed. The N,P content of intercropped cassava in root, stem, leaf decreased16.53%–19.64%、9.20%–25.24%, respectively; while the K content of intercropped cassava in root and stem decreased31.29% and 1.17%, respectively. At root early enlargement stage of cassava(mature stage of peanut), although the pod yield of intercropped peanut significantly decreased by 19.25%, intercropped peanut showed yield advantage and intercropped cassava showed yield disadvantage when compared the land equivalent ratio of cassava with peanut. At harvest stage of cassava, the height, stem diameter, starch yield and fresh root yield of intercropped cassava were close to MC, indicating that intercropped cassava had competition–recovery effect during the growth stage of cassava. Compared with MC, the calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese content of intercropped cassava in foot increased18.62%–42.86%, 7.84%–44.44%, 12.50%–39.84%, 24.00%–58.33%, respectively during the co–growth stage, and the above 4 elements significantly increased in the intercropped cassava stem at different growing stage. The results indicated that calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese biofortification strategies can be reached in cassava foot and stem by intercropping with peanut at different growing stages.
引文
[1]刘子凡,黄洁,魏云霞,等.不同木薯/花生模式下的产量表现及其经济产出研究[J].热带作物学报,2016,37(1):65–69.
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[7]徐海强,黄洁,刘子凡,等.木薯/花生间作对其根际土壤微生物数量、群落结构及多样性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(2):185–190.
[8]黄欠如,孙永明,熊春贵,等.丘陵红壤旱地花生套作木薯产量效益分析[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(7):43–45.
[9] GB/T 5009.9–2008食品中淀粉的测定[S].
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[11]张福锁,申建波,冯固,等.根际生态学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009:333–334.
[12]刘屹湘.小麦/玉米间作体系竞争–恢复过程的根系互作机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[13]余常兵,孙建好,李隆.种间相互作用对作物生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):1–8.
[14] LI Q Z,SUN J H,WEI X J,et al.Overyielding and interspecific interactions mediated by nitrogen fertiliza–tion in strip intercropping of maize with faba bean,wheat and barley[J].Plant and Soil,2011,339(1/2):147–161.
[2] MASON S C,LEIHNER D E,VORST J J. Cassava–cowpea and cassava–peanut intercropping III. Nutrient concentrations and removal[J].Agronomy Journal,1986,78(3):441–444.
[3]韩全辉.木薯/花生不同间作模式的效应比较[D].海口:海南大学,2014.
[4]胡飞龙,高倩圆,焦加国,等.不同间作模式下木薯花生光合效率比较[J].土壤,2012,44(2):332–337.
[5]熊军,闫海锋,韦绍丽,等.木薯+花生间作对作物光合特性、农艺性状和产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(6):165–168.
[6]唐秀梅,钟瑞春,蒋菁,等.木薯/花生间作对根际土壤微生态的影响[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2015,34(1):117–124.
[7]徐海强,黄洁,刘子凡,等.木薯/花生间作对其根际土壤微生物数量、群落结构及多样性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(2):185–190.
[8]黄欠如,孙永明,熊春贵,等.丘陵红壤旱地花生套作木薯产量效益分析[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(7):43–45.
[9] GB/T 5009.9–2008食品中淀粉的测定[S].
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[11]张福锁,申建波,冯固,等.根际生态学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009:333–334.
[12]刘屹湘.小麦/玉米间作体系竞争–恢复过程的根系互作机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[13]余常兵,孙建好,李隆.种间相互作用对作物生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):1–8.
[14] LI Q Z,SUN J H,WEI X J,et al.Overyielding and interspecific interactions mediated by nitrogen fertiliza–tion in strip intercropping of maize with faba bean,wheat and barley[J].Plant and Soil,2011,339(1/2):147–161.