水稻杂种优势遗传基础研究进展
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摘要
杂种优势是一种普遍而广泛存在的生物学现象,作物杂种优势的遗传基础研究虽经历了百余年,但对其遗传机理的认识仍不甚深入。然而,在作物杂种优势的应用技术研究和杂交种的培育方面,成效斐然。本研究从杂种优势的经典遗传假说、水稻QTL单位点与杂种优势、QTL互作与杂种优势及基因差异表达与杂种优势等方面,综述了水稻杂种优势的遗传研究进展,提出在不同的杂交水稻组合中,显性作用、超显性作用和上位性互作效应均有体现,有利显性位点的积累可能是水稻亚种内杂种高产的基础,而少数超显性位点及基因间的互作可能在亚种间杂种优势中发挥着更重要的作用。随着籼粳亚种间杂种不育的遗传机制的破解,采用在籼稻或粳稻遗传背景下,通过籼渗粳或粳渗籼利用籼粳亚种间杂种优势的技术策略,已实现了杂交水稻高产育种的新跨跃。
Heterosis is a ubiquitous and widespread biological phenomenon. Although the genetic basis of crop heterosis has been studied for more than a hundred years, the understanding of its genetic mechanism is still not very deep. However, it has achieved remarkable results in the application of hybrid rice on technology research of heterosis and hybrid breeding. In this paper, the progress of genetic research on heterosis in rice was summarized from the classical genetic hypothesis of heterosis, the unit point and heterosis of rice QTL, the interaction and heterosis of rice QTL, and the differential expression of genes and heterosis. It was proposed that dominance,superdominance and epistasis interaction effects should be considered in different hybrid rice combinations. The accumulation of favorable dominant loci might be the basis of high yield of Intrasubspecific hybrids in rice, while the interaction of a few superdominant loci and genes might play a more important role in interspecific heterosis.With the breakdown of the genetic mechanism of interspecific hybrid sterility between indica and japonica, a new progress has been made in breeding super-high yield hybrid rice through the strategy of indica-japonica introgression lines in indica or japonica rice genetic background.
Heterosis is a ubiquitous and widespread biological phenomenon. Although the genetic basis of crop heterosis has been studied for more than a hundred years, the understanding of its genetic mechanism is still not very deep. However, it has achieved remarkable results in the application of hybrid rice on technology research of heterosis and hybrid breeding. In this paper, the progress of genetic research on heterosis in rice was summarized from the classical genetic hypothesis of heterosis, the unit point and heterosis of rice QTL, the interaction and heterosis of rice QTL, and the differential expression of genes and heterosis. It was proposed that dominance,superdominance and epistasis interaction effects should be considered in different hybrid rice combinations. The accumulation of favorable dominant loci might be the basis of high yield of Intrasubspecific hybrids in rice, while the interaction of a few superdominant loci and genes might play a more important role in interspecific heterosis.With the breakdown of the genetic mechanism of interspecific hybrid sterility between indica and japonica, a new progress has been made in breeding super-high yield hybrid rice through the strategy of indica-japonica introgression lines in indica or japonica rice genetic background.
引文
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