基于三维节理网络模拟的坝基岩体结构分类研究
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摘要
以金沙江白鹤滩水电站左岸坝基岩体为研究对象,开展了基于三维节理网络模拟的坝基岩体结构分类研究。根据节理的分组分布和密度分布进行统计均质区分段,以分段为单位建立基于统计学和概率论的三维节理网络模型。在三维节理网络模型的模型正面、模型侧面和模型顶面上分别沿形心等角度布置模拟测线,将3个正交平面上54条模拟测线的RBI均值定义为三维等效岩体块度指数RBI3D,以RBI3D作为评价指标开展坝基岩体结构分类。结果表明:左岸第10梯段坝基岩体的完整性相对较好,其中整体块状占53.3%,块状占26.7%,次块状占20.0%,分析结果与实际地质情况相符。该方法充分考虑了节理分布的空间各向异性,并采用单一定量指标作为岩体结构的分类依据,兼顾了科学合理性和工程实用性。
Based on the 3 D joint network simulation, the structure classification was carried out on the left bank dam foundation in Baihetan hydropower station on Jinsha River. Firstly, the dam foundation was separated into several statistical homogeneous subsections, according to the group distribution and density distribution of joints. Then, a 3 D joint network model was established for each subsection by considering the statistics and probability theory. Secondly, uniform angle rotating measuring-lines were arranged on the positive, side and top surfaces of the model, respectively. Subsequently, a certain RBI value of each line and 3 rose diagrams for each orthogonal surface were obtained. Finally, the mean value of these RBIs from 54 measuring-lines was defined as 3 D equivalent rock mass block index RBI3 D. Moreover, the RBI3 D, as an evaluation index, was used to classify the structure of dam foundation. Results showed that the integrity of No.10 bench in the left bank was relatively good. It was found that the ratios of the whole blocky structure, blocky structure and sub-blocky structure were 53.3%, 26.7% and 20.0%, respectively. The analytical results agreed well with the actual situation. Therefore, the presented method has been proven to be scientific rationality and engineering practicability, as the space anisotropy of joint distribution was fully considered and a single quantitative evaluation index was employed to determine the rock mass structure type.
Based on the 3 D joint network simulation, the structure classification was carried out on the left bank dam foundation in Baihetan hydropower station on Jinsha River. Firstly, the dam foundation was separated into several statistical homogeneous subsections, according to the group distribution and density distribution of joints. Then, a 3 D joint network model was established for each subsection by considering the statistics and probability theory. Secondly, uniform angle rotating measuring-lines were arranged on the positive, side and top surfaces of the model, respectively. Subsequently, a certain RBI value of each line and 3 rose diagrams for each orthogonal surface were obtained. Finally, the mean value of these RBIs from 54 measuring-lines was defined as 3 D equivalent rock mass block index RBI3 D. Moreover, the RBI3 D, as an evaluation index, was used to classify the structure of dam foundation. Results showed that the integrity of No.10 bench in the left bank was relatively good. It was found that the ratios of the whole blocky structure, blocky structure and sub-blocky structure were 53.3%, 26.7% and 20.0%, respectively. The analytical results agreed well with the actual situation. Therefore, the presented method has been proven to be scientific rationality and engineering practicability, as the space anisotropy of joint distribution was fully considered and a single quantitative evaluation index was employed to determine the rock mass structure type.
引文
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[5]张奇华,边智华,余美万.采用全空间块体搜索技术初步研究岩体完整性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):507-515.ZHANG Qi-hua,BIAN Zhi-hua,YU Mei-wan.Preliminary research on rockmass integrity using spatial block identification technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):507-515.
[6]徐伟,胡新丽,黄磊,等.结构面三维网络模拟计算RQD及精度对比研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):822-833.XU Wei,HU Xin-li,HUANG Lei,et al.Research on RQD of rock mass calculated by three-dimensional discontinuity network simulation method and its accuracy comparison[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):822-833.
[7]张文,陈剑平,牛岑岑,等.基于三维裂隙网络RQD的确定及最佳测线数量的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(2):321-327.ZHANG Wen,CHEN Jian-ping,NIU Cen-cen,et al.Determination of RQD and number of optimum scanlines based on three-dimensional fracture network[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(2):321-327.
[8]ZHANG W,CHEN J P,WANG Q,et al.Investigation of RQD variation with scanline length and optimal threshold based on three-dimensional fracture network modeling[J].Science China(Technological Sciences),2013,56(3):739-748.
[9]汪斌,唐辉明,简文星,等.结构面三维网络模拟在岩体质量评价中的应用[J].岩土力学,2006,27(4):594-596.WANG Bin,TANG Hui-ming,JIAN Wen-xing,et al.Application of 3D network modeling rock mass discontinuities to evaluating rock mass quality for dam foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(4):594-596.
[10]PALMSTROM A.The volumetric joint count—a useful and simple measure of the degree of rock mass jointing[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of International Association of Engineering Geology.New Delhi:[s.n.],1982:221-228.
[11]张文,陈剑平,苑晓青,等.基于三维裂隙网络的RQD尺寸效应与空间效应的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,31(7):1437-1445.ZHANG Wen,CHEN Jian-ping,YUAN Xiao-qing,et al.Study of size effect and spatial effect of RQD for rock masses based on three-dimensional fracture network[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,31(7):1437-1445.
[12]KRUHL J H.Fractal-geometry techniques in the quantification of complex rock structures:a special view on scaling regimes,inhomogeneity and anisotropy[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2013,46:2-21.
[13]YASREBI A B,WETHERELT A,FOSTER P,et al.Application of a density–volume fractal model for rock characterization of the Kahang porphyry deposit[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,66:188-193.
[14]胡卸文,钟沛林,任志刚.岩体块度指数及其工程意义[J].水利学报,2002,(3):80-83.HU Xie-wen,ZHONG Pei-lin,REN Zhi-gang.Rock mass block index and its engineering practice significance[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,(3):80-83.
[15]张世殊.坝基岩体块度特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(4):353-356.ZHANG Shi-shu.The characteristics of rock mass block at dam foundation[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(4):353-356.
[16]黄润秋,霍俊杰.锦屏I级水电站坝基岩体块度指数量化取值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(3):449-453.HUANG Run-qiu,HUO Jun-jie.Quantitative analysis of rock mass block index for dam foundation of Jinping I hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(3):449-453.
[17]阮云凯,陈剑平,李严严,等.基于裂隙产状和迹长划分岩体统计均质区研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(7):2028-2032.RUAN Yun-kai,CHEN Jian-ping,LI Yan-yan,et al.Identification of homogeneous structural domains of jointed rock masses based on joint occurrence and trace length[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(7):2028-2032.
[18]贾洪彪,唐辉明,刘佑荣,等.岩体结构面三维网络模拟理论与工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.JIA Hong-biao,TANG Hui-ming,LIU You-rong,et al.Theory and engineering application of 3D modeling of rock discontinuity network[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[19]陈剑平,王清,肖树芳,等.岩体结构统计均质区的划分[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1996,7(1):19-24.CHEN Jian-ping,WANG Qing,XIAO Shu-fang,et al.Evaluation of statistical homogeneity of rock mass structure[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1996,7(1):19-24.
[20]FOUCHE O,DIEBOLT J.Describing the geometry of 3D fracture systems by correcting for linear sampling bias[J].Mathematical Geology,2004,36(1):33-63.
[21]KULATILAKE P H S W,WU T H.Sampling bias on orientation of discontinuities[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1984,17(4):243-253.
[22]ROBERTSON A M.The interpretation of geological factors for use in slope theory[C]//Symposium on Planning Open Pit Mines.[S.l.]:CRC Press,1970:55-71.
[23]KULATILAKE P H S W,WU T H.Estimation of mean trace length of discontinuities[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1984,17(4):215-232.
[24]KENDALL M G,MORAN P A P.Geometrical probability[M].New York:Hafner Publishing Company,1963:92.
[25]黄磊,唐辉明,张龙,等.适用于半迹长测线法的岩体结构面迹长与直径关系新模型及新算法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):733-745.HUANG Lei,TANG Hui-ming,ZHANG Long,et al.New model of relation between rock discontinuities trace length and diameter for semi-trace scanline sampling and new algorithm[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(4):733-745.
[26]伍法权.统计岩体力学原理[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1993.WU Fa-quan.Theory of statistical rock mass mechanics[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1993.
[27]SEN Z,KAZI A.Discontinuity spacing and RQD estimates from finite length scanlines[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1984,21(4):203-212.
[2]韩爱果,聂德新,孙冠平,等.岩体结构研究中结构面间距取值方法探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增刊2):2575-2577.HAN Ai-guo,NIE De-xin,SUN Guan-ping,et al.Determination of spacing of structural plane in rockmass structure research[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp.2):2575-2577.
[3]刘树新,张飞.三维岩体质量的多重分形评价及分类[J].岩土力学,2004,25(7):1116-1121.LIU Shu-xin,ZHANG Fei.Multifractal evaluation and classification of 3D jointed rock mass quality[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(7):1116-1121.
[4]柳赋铮.岩体基本质量和工程岩体分级[J].长江科学院院报,1991,8(增刊1):55-63.LIU Fu-zheng.Basic quality and engineering classification of rock mass[J].Journal of Yangtz River Scientific Research Institute,1991,8(Supp.1):55-63.
[5]张奇华,边智华,余美万.采用全空间块体搜索技术初步研究岩体完整性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):507-515.ZHANG Qi-hua,BIAN Zhi-hua,YU Mei-wan.Preliminary research on rockmass integrity using spatial block identification technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):507-515.
[6]徐伟,胡新丽,黄磊,等.结构面三维网络模拟计算RQD及精度对比研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):822-833.XU Wei,HU Xin-li,HUANG Lei,et al.Research on RQD of rock mass calculated by three-dimensional discontinuity network simulation method and its accuracy comparison[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):822-833.
[7]张文,陈剑平,牛岑岑,等.基于三维裂隙网络RQD的确定及最佳测线数量的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(2):321-327.ZHANG Wen,CHEN Jian-ping,NIU Cen-cen,et al.Determination of RQD and number of optimum scanlines based on three-dimensional fracture network[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(2):321-327.
[8]ZHANG W,CHEN J P,WANG Q,et al.Investigation of RQD variation with scanline length and optimal threshold based on three-dimensional fracture network modeling[J].Science China(Technological Sciences),2013,56(3):739-748.
[9]汪斌,唐辉明,简文星,等.结构面三维网络模拟在岩体质量评价中的应用[J].岩土力学,2006,27(4):594-596.WANG Bin,TANG Hui-ming,JIAN Wen-xing,et al.Application of 3D network modeling rock mass discontinuities to evaluating rock mass quality for dam foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(4):594-596.
[10]PALMSTROM A.The volumetric joint count—a useful and simple measure of the degree of rock mass jointing[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of International Association of Engineering Geology.New Delhi:[s.n.],1982:221-228.
[11]张文,陈剑平,苑晓青,等.基于三维裂隙网络的RQD尺寸效应与空间效应的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,31(7):1437-1445.ZHANG Wen,CHEN Jian-ping,YUAN Xiao-qing,et al.Study of size effect and spatial effect of RQD for rock masses based on three-dimensional fracture network[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,31(7):1437-1445.
[12]KRUHL J H.Fractal-geometry techniques in the quantification of complex rock structures:a special view on scaling regimes,inhomogeneity and anisotropy[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2013,46:2-21.
[13]YASREBI A B,WETHERELT A,FOSTER P,et al.Application of a density–volume fractal model for rock characterization of the Kahang porphyry deposit[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,66:188-193.
[14]胡卸文,钟沛林,任志刚.岩体块度指数及其工程意义[J].水利学报,2002,(3):80-83.HU Xie-wen,ZHONG Pei-lin,REN Zhi-gang.Rock mass block index and its engineering practice significance[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,(3):80-83.
[15]张世殊.坝基岩体块度特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(4):353-356.ZHANG Shi-shu.The characteristics of rock mass block at dam foundation[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(4):353-356.
[16]黄润秋,霍俊杰.锦屏I级水电站坝基岩体块度指数量化取值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(3):449-453.HUANG Run-qiu,HUO Jun-jie.Quantitative analysis of rock mass block index for dam foundation of Jinping I hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(3):449-453.
[17]阮云凯,陈剑平,李严严,等.基于裂隙产状和迹长划分岩体统计均质区研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(7):2028-2032.RUAN Yun-kai,CHEN Jian-ping,LI Yan-yan,et al.Identification of homogeneous structural domains of jointed rock masses based on joint occurrence and trace length[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(7):2028-2032.
[18]贾洪彪,唐辉明,刘佑荣,等.岩体结构面三维网络模拟理论与工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.JIA Hong-biao,TANG Hui-ming,LIU You-rong,et al.Theory and engineering application of 3D modeling of rock discontinuity network[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[19]陈剑平,王清,肖树芳,等.岩体结构统计均质区的划分[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1996,7(1):19-24.CHEN Jian-ping,WANG Qing,XIAO Shu-fang,et al.Evaluation of statistical homogeneity of rock mass structure[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1996,7(1):19-24.
[20]FOUCHE O,DIEBOLT J.Describing the geometry of 3D fracture systems by correcting for linear sampling bias[J].Mathematical Geology,2004,36(1):33-63.
[21]KULATILAKE P H S W,WU T H.Sampling bias on orientation of discontinuities[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1984,17(4):243-253.
[22]ROBERTSON A M.The interpretation of geological factors for use in slope theory[C]//Symposium on Planning Open Pit Mines.[S.l.]:CRC Press,1970:55-71.
[23]KULATILAKE P H S W,WU T H.Estimation of mean trace length of discontinuities[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1984,17(4):215-232.
[24]KENDALL M G,MORAN P A P.Geometrical probability[M].New York:Hafner Publishing Company,1963:92.
[25]黄磊,唐辉明,张龙,等.适用于半迹长测线法的岩体结构面迹长与直径关系新模型及新算法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):733-745.HUANG Lei,TANG Hui-ming,ZHANG Long,et al.New model of relation between rock discontinuities trace length and diameter for semi-trace scanline sampling and new algorithm[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(4):733-745.
[26]伍法权.统计岩体力学原理[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1993.WU Fa-quan.Theory of statistical rock mass mechanics[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1993.
[27]SEN Z,KAZI A.Discontinuity spacing and RQD estimates from finite length scanlines[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1984,21(4):203-212.