Tropospheric NO_2 vertical column densities retrieved from ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements at Shangdianzi regional atmospheric background station in China
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摘要
Ground-basedMulti-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS)measurements were performed at Shangdianzi(SDZ)regional atmospheric background station in northern China from March 2009 to February 2011.The tropospheric NO_2vertical column densities(VCDs)were retrieved to investigate the background condition of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei developed economic circle in China.The seasonal variation of mean NO_2tropospheric VCDs(VCD_(Trop))at SDZ is apparent,with the maximum(1.3×10~(16)molec/cm~2)in February and the minimum(3.5×10~(15)molec/cm~2)in August,much lower than those observed at the Beijing city center.The average daytime diurnal variations of NO_2VCD_(Trop )are rather consistent for all four seasons,presenting the minimum at noon and the higher values in the morning and evening.The largest and lowest amplitudes of NO_2VCD_(Trop)diurnal variation appear in winter and in summer,respectively.The diurnal pattern at SDZ station is similar to those at other less polluted stations,but distinct from the ones at the urban or polluted stations.Tropospheric NO_2VCDs at SDZ are strongly dependent on the wind,with the higher values being associated with the pollution plumes from Beijing city.Tropospheric NO_2VCDs derived from ground-based MAX-DOAS at SDZ show to be well correlated with corresponding OMI(Ozone Monitoring Instrument)satellite products with a correlation coefficient R=0.88.However,the OMI observations are on average higher than MAX-DOAS NO_2VCDs by a factor of 28%,probably due to the OMI grid cell partly covering the south of SDZ which is influenced more by the pollution plumes from the urban areas.
Ground-basedMulti-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS)measurements were performed at Shangdianzi(SDZ)regional atmospheric background station in northern China from March 2009 to February 2011.The tropospheric NO_2vertical column densities(VCDs)were retrieved to investigate the background condition of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei developed economic circle in China.The seasonal variation of mean NO_2tropospheric VCDs(VCD_(Trop))at SDZ is apparent,with the maximum(1.3×10~(16)molec/cm~2)in February and the minimum(3.5×10~(15)molec/cm~2)in August,much lower than those observed at the Beijing city center.The average daytime diurnal variations of NO_2VCD_(Trop )are rather consistent for all four seasons,presenting the minimum at noon and the higher values in the morning and evening.The largest and lowest amplitudes of NO_2VCD_(Trop)diurnal variation appear in winter and in summer,respectively.The diurnal pattern at SDZ station is similar to those at other less polluted stations,but distinct from the ones at the urban or polluted stations.Tropospheric NO_2VCDs at SDZ are strongly dependent on the wind,with the higher values being associated with the pollution plumes from Beijing city.Tropospheric NO_2VCDs derived from ground-based MAX-DOAS at SDZ show to be well correlated with corresponding OMI(Ozone Monitoring Instrument)satellite products with a correlation coefficient R=0.88.However,the OMI observations are on average higher than MAX-DOAS NO_2VCDs by a factor of 28%,probably due to the OMI grid cell partly covering the south of SDZ which is influenced more by the pollution plumes from the urban areas.
Ground-basedMulti-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS)measurements were performed at Shangdianzi(SDZ)regional atmospheric background station in northern China from March 2009 to February 2011.The tropospheric NO_2vertical column densities(VCDs)were retrieved to investigate the background condition of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei developed economic circle in China.The seasonal variation of mean NO_2tropospheric VCDs(VCD_(Trop))at SDZ is apparent,with the maximum(1.3×10~(16)molec/cm~2)in February and the minimum(3.5×10~(15)molec/cm~2)in August,much lower than those observed at the Beijing city center.The average daytime diurnal variations of NO_2VCD_(Trop )are rather consistent for all four seasons,presenting the minimum at noon and the higher values in the morning and evening.The largest and lowest amplitudes of NO_2VCD_(Trop)diurnal variation appear in winter and in summer,respectively.The diurnal pattern at SDZ station is similar to those at other less polluted stations,but distinct from the ones at the urban or polluted stations.Tropospheric NO_2VCDs at SDZ are strongly dependent on the wind,with the higher values being associated with the pollution plumes from Beijing city.Tropospheric NO_2VCDs derived from ground-based MAX-DOAS at SDZ show to be well correlated with corresponding OMI(Ozone Monitoring Instrument)satellite products with a correlation coefficient R=0.88.However,the OMI observations are on average higher than MAX-DOAS NO_2VCDs by a factor of 28%,probably due to the OMI grid cell partly covering the south of SDZ which is influenced more by the pollution plumes from the urban areas.
引文
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Boersma,K.F.,Eskes,H.J.,Dirksen,R.J.,van der,A.R.J.,Veefkind,J.P.,Stammes,P.,et al.,2011.An improved tropospheric NO2column retrieval algorithm for the ozone monitoring instrument.Atmos.Meas.Tech.4,1905-1928.
Brinksma,E.J.,Pinardi,G.,Volten,H.,Braak,R.,Richter,A.,Sch?nhardt,A.,et al.,2008.The 2005 and 2006 DANDELIONSNO2and aerosol intercomparison campaigns.J.Geophys.Res.113,D16S46.
Bucsela,E.J.,Krotkov,N.A.,Celarier,E.A.,Lamsal,L.N.,Swartz,W.H.,Bhartia,P.K.,et al.,2013.A new stratospheric and tropospheric NO2retrieval algorithm for nadir-viewing satellite instruments:applications to OMI.Atmos.Meas.Tech.6,2607-2626.
Chan,K.L.,Hartl,A.,Lam,Y.F.,Xie,P.H.,Liu,W.Q.,Cheung,H.M.,et al.,2015.Observations of tropospheric NO2using ground based MAX-DOAS and OMI measurements during the Shanghai World Expo 2010.Atmos.Environ.119,45-48.
Chan,K.L.,Wiegner,M.,Wenig,M.,P?hler,D.,2018.Observations of tropospheric aerosols and NO2in Hong Kong over 5 years using ground based MAX-DOAS.Sci.Total Environ.619-620,1545-1556.
Chen,Z.,Liu,C.,Liu,W.,Zhang,T.,Xu,J.,2017.A synchronous observation of enhanced aerosol and NO2over Beijing,China,in winter 2015.Sci.Total Environ.575,429-436.
Crutzen,P.J.,1970.The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content.Q.J.Roy.Meteorol.Soc.96,320-325.
Dix,B.,Koenig,T.K.,Volkamer,R.,2016.Parameterization retrieval of trace gas volume mixing ratios from Airborne MAX-DOAS.Atmos.Meas.Tech.9,5655-5675.
Drosoglou,T.,Bais,A.F.,Zyrichidou,I.,Kouremeti,N.,Poupkou,A.,Liora,N.,et al.,2017.Comparisons of ground-based tropospheric NO2MAX-DOAS measurements to satellite observations with the aid of an air quality model over the Thessaloniki area,Greece.Atmos.Chem.Phys.17,5829-5849.
Halla,J.D.,Wagner,T.,Beirle,S.,Brook,J.R.,Hayden,K.L.,O'Brien,J.M.,et al.,2011.Determination of tropospheric vertical columns of NO2and aerosol optical properties in a rural setting using MAX-DOAS.Atmos.Chem.Phys.11,12475-12498.
Hendrick,F.,Müller,J.-F.,Clémer,K.,Wang,P.,Mazière,M.D.,Fayt,C.,et al.,2014.Four years of ground-based MAX-DOASobservations of HONO and NO2in the Beijing area.Atmos.Chem.Phys.14,765-781.
H?nninger,G.,Friedeburg,C.v.,Platt,U.,2004.Multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS).Atmos.Chem.Phys.4,231-254.
Huang,R.J.,Zhang,Y.,Bozzetti,C.,Ho,K.F.,Cao,J.J.,Han,Y.,et al.,2014.High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China.Nature 514,218-222.
Irie,H.,Kanaya,Y.,Akimoto,H.,Iwabuchi,H.,Shimizu,A.,Aoki,K.,2008a.First retrieval of tropospheric aerosol profiles using MAX-DOAS and comparison with lidar and sky radiometer measurements.Atmos.Chem.Phys.8,341-350.
Irie,H.,Kanaya,Y.,Akimoto,H.,Tanimoto,H.,Wang,Z.,Gleason,J.F.,et al.,2008b.Validation of OMI tropospheric NO2column data using MAX-DOAS measurements deep inside the North China Plain in June 2006:Mount Tai Experiment 2006.Atmos.Chem.Phys.8,6577-6586.
Jaeglé,L.,Steinberger,L.,Martin,R.V.,Chance,K.,2005.Global partitioning of NOxsources using satellite observations:relative roles of fossil fuel combustion,biomass burning and soil emissions.Faraday Discuss.130,407-423.
Jin,J.,Ma,J.,Lin,W.,Zhao,H.,2016a.Characteristics of NO2tropospheric column density over a rural area in the North China Plain.J.Appl.Meteor.Sci.27,303-311(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin,J.,Ma,J.,Lin,W.,Zhao,H.,Shaiganfar,R.,Beirle,S.,et al.,2016b.MAX-DOAS measurements and satellite validation of tropospheric NO2and SO2vertical column densities at a rural site of North China.Atmos.Environ.133,12-25.
Lelieveld,J.,Peters,W.,Dentener,F.J.,Krol,M.C.,2002.Stability of tropospheric hydroxyl chemistry.J.Geophys.Res.Atmos.107,ACH-17-11.
Levelt,P.F.,van den Oord,G.H.J.,Dobber,M.R.,Malkki,A.,Huib,V.,Johan de,V.,et al.,2006.The ozone monitoring instrument.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.44,1093-1101.
Li,X.,Brauers,T.,Hofzumahaus,A.,Lu,K.,Li,Y.P.,Shao,M.,et al.,2013.MAX-DOAS measurements of NO2,HCHO and CHOCHOat a rural site in Southern China.Atmos.Chem.Phys.13,2133-2151.
Lin,W.,Xu,X.,Ge,B.,Liu,X.,2011.Gaseous pollutants in Beijing urban area during the heating period 2007-2008:variability,sources,meteorological,and chemical impacts.Atmos.Chem.Phys.11,8157-8170.
Lin,J.T.,Martin,R.V.,Boersma,K.F.,Sneep,M.,Stammes,P.,Spurr,R.,et al.,2014.Retrieving tropospheric nitrogen dioxide from the ozone monitoring instrument:effects of aerosols,surface reflectance anisotropy,and vertical profile of nitrogen dioxide.Atmos.Chem.Phys.14,1441-1461.
Liu,M.,Lin,J.,Wang,Y.,Sun,Y.,Zheng,B.,Shao,J.,et al.,2018.Spatiotemporal variability of NO2and PM2.5over Eastern China:observational and model analyses with a novel statistical method.Atmos.Chem.Phys.18,12933-12952.
Luo,Y.,Sun,L.,Liu,W.,Xie,P.,Si,F.,Zhou,H.,2012.MAX-DOASmeasurement of NO2column densities and vertical distribution at Ny-Alesund,Arctic during summer.Spectrosc.Spect.Anal.32,2336-2340 in Chinese with English abstract.
Ma,J.Z.,Beirle,S.,Jin,J.L.,Shaiganfar,R.,Yan,P.,Wagner,T.,2013.Tropospheric NO2vertical column densities over Beijing:results of the first three years of ground-based MAX-DOASmeasurements(2008-2011)and satellite validation.Atmos.Chem.Phys.13,1547-1567.
Meng,Z.Y.,Xu,X.B.,Yan,P.,Ding,G.A.,Tang,J.,Lin,W.L.,et al.,2009.Characteristics of trace gaseous pollutants at a regional background station in Northern China.Atmos.Chem.Phys.9,927-936.
Meng,Z.Y.,Xu,X.B.,Wang,T.,Zhang,X.Y.,Yu,X.L.,Wang,S.F.,et al.,2010.Ambient sulfur dioxide,nitrogen dioxide,and ammonia at ten background and rural sites in China during2007-2008.Atmos.Environ.44,2625-2631.
Mou,F.,Li,A.,Xie,P.,Wang,Y.,Zhang,J.,Xu,J.,et al.,2017.Study of tropospheric NO2VCD from August 2013 to July 2014 with ground-based MAX-DOAS in Hefei and comparison with OMIobservation.Spectrosc.Spect.Anal.1042-1047(in Chinese with English abstract),37.
Schumann,U.,Huntrieser,H.,2007.The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source.Atmos.Chem.Phys.7,3823-3907.
Shaiganfar,R.,Beirle,S.,Sharma,M.,Chauhan,A.,Singh,R.P.,Wagner,T.,2011.Estimation of NOxemissions from Delhi using Car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMIsatellite data.Atmos.Chem.Phys.11,10871-10887.
Shaiganfar,R.,Beirle,S.,Petetin,H.,Zhang,Q.,Beekmann,M.,Wagner,T.,2015.New concepts for the comparison of tropospheric NO2column densities derived from car-MAX-DOAS observations,OMI satellite observations and the regional model CHIMERE during two MEGAPOLI campaigns in Paris 2009/10.Atmos.Meas.Tech.8,2827-2852.
Shao,M.,Tang,X.Y.,Zhang,Y.H.,Li,W.J.,2006.City clusters in China:air and surface water pollution.Front.Ecol.Environ.4,353-361.
Solomon,S.,Portmann,R.W.,Sanders,R.W.,Daniel,J.S.,Madsen,W.,Bartram,B.,et al.,1999.On the role of nitrogen dioxide in the absorption of solar radiation.J.Geophys.Res.Atmos.104,12047-12058.
Stavrakou,T.,Müller,J.F.,Boersma,K.F.,van der,A.R.J.,Kurokawa,J.,Ohara,T.,et al.,2013.Key chemical NOxsink uncertainties and how they influence top-down emissions of nitrogen oxides.Atmos.Chem.Phys.13,9057-9082.
Sun,J.,Zhou,T.,2017.Health risk assessment of China's main air pollutants.BMC Public Health 17,212-225.
Takashima,H.,Irie,H.,Kanaya,Y.,Syamsudin,F.,2012.NO2observations over the western Pacific and Indian Ocean by MAX-DOAS on Kaiyo,a Japanese research vessel.Atmos.Meas.Tech.5,2351-2360.
Tian,X.,Xie,P.,Xu,J.,Li,A.,Wang,Y.,Qin,M.,et al.,2018.Longterm observations of tropospheric NO2,SO2and HCHO by MAX-DOAS in Yangtze River Delta area,China.J.Environ.Sci.71,207-221.
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