烟煤锅炉燃用褐煤时碳黑形成分析及控制
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摘要
大唐宁德发电厂设计燃用烟煤锅炉在掺烧高比例褐煤过程中,出现了飞灰、石膏发黑、以及烟气从烟囱排出冷凝后污染了厂区和周边区域现象。为分析其产生的根本原因,以2号锅炉为研究对象,从燃烧器结构、燃用煤种和运行条件方面,详细阐述了碳黑的生成原因,并有针对性的进行了优化调整。优化调整后,省煤器出口截面的氧量的均匀性得到明显改善,最高点氧量值(体积分数)为3.33%,最低点氧量值为2.27%;随着氧量分布均匀性的改善,CO排放浓度显著下降,飞灰、石膏发黑以及烟囱排气冷凝后污染厂区的现象已消除,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。
The boiler in Datang Ningde power plant was designed to burn bituminous coal.When it burned high proportion of lignite,it generated fly ash and gypsum fly ash and back gypsum,and the flue gas discharged from the chimney after condensation polluted site and the surrounding area,greatly affecting the company's social image.In order to analyze the root causes,this paper used No.2 boiler as the research object,and adopted the research method of combining theory with practice.Starting from the burner structure,coal type and operation conditions,the paper elaborated the causes of carbon black formation in detail,and carried out corresponding optimization and adjustment.After optimization and adjustment,the uniformity of oxygen content at the outlet section of economizer is evidently improved; the highest oxygen content(volume fraction) is 3.33%,the lowest oxygen value is 2.27%,and the difference is 1.06 percentage points.With the improvement of oxygen distribution uniformity,CO emission concentration decreases significantly.It is observed that the blackening of fly ash and gypsum and the pollution of factory area after chimney exhaust condensation have been eliminated,achieving good economic and social benefits.
The boiler in Datang Ningde power plant was designed to burn bituminous coal.When it burned high proportion of lignite,it generated fly ash and gypsum fly ash and back gypsum,and the flue gas discharged from the chimney after condensation polluted site and the surrounding area,greatly affecting the company's social image.In order to analyze the root causes,this paper used No.2 boiler as the research object,and adopted the research method of combining theory with practice.Starting from the burner structure,coal type and operation conditions,the paper elaborated the causes of carbon black formation in detail,and carried out corresponding optimization and adjustment.After optimization and adjustment,the uniformity of oxygen content at the outlet section of economizer is evidently improved; the highest oxygen content(volume fraction) is 3.33%,the lowest oxygen value is 2.27%,and the difference is 1.06 percentage points.With the improvement of oxygen distribution uniformity,CO emission concentration decreases significantly.It is observed that the blackening of fly ash and gypsum and the pollution of factory area after chimney exhaust condensation have been eliminated,achieving good economic and social benefits.
引文
[1] 王清成.层燃炉煤燃烧碳黑形成机理的试验研究与排放控制方法[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.WANG Qing-cheng.Experimental study on soot formation mechanism and emission control methods derived from lump coal combustion in stoker fired boiler[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiatong University,2007.
[2] 童世唯.煤粉燃烧中碳黑科技的辐射特性计算研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.TONG Shi-wei.Study on the radiative properties of soot particles in the coal of combustion[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science &Techology,2013.
[3] 鄂勇,宋国利,张颖,等.碳黑大气颗粒物的环境效应.地球与环境[J],2006,34(1):61-64.E Yong,SONG Guo-li,ZHANG Ying,et al.Environmental effects of particulate matter of black carbon[J].Earth and Environment,2006,34(1):61-64.
[4] SIEGMANN K,SIEGMANN HC.Modecular precursor of soot and quantification of associated health risk[C]//Current Problems in Condensed Matter,New York:Plenum Press,1998:143-160.
[5] 管诗骈,高翔,谭永杰,等.燃烧过程中碳黑颗粒生成机理的研究进展[J].能源工程,2003(3):31-34.GUAN Shi-pian,GAO Xiang,TAN Yong-jie,et al.Research development on the mechanism of soot formation in combustion[J].Energy Engineering,2003(3):31-34.
[6] GAYDON AG.Spectroscopy and combustion theory[M].London:Chapman and Hall,1948.
[7] FLETCHER T H,MA J,et al.Soot in coal combustion systems[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1997,23:283-301.
[8] TAO F,GOLOVITCHEV V I,CHOMIAK J.A phenomenological model for the prediction of soot formation in diesel spray combustion[J].Combustion and Flame,2004,136:270-282.
[9] LINDSTEDT R P,BOCKHOM H..Soot formation in combustion:Mechanisms and models[M].Heidelberg:Springer-verlag,1994.
[10] FRENKLACH M,WANG H.Detailed mechanism and modeling of soot formation in combustion[M].Berlin:Springer-verlag,1994.
[11] 王清成,罗永浩,陆方,等.煤燃烧系统中碳黑的研究进展.锅炉技术[J],2007,38(2):35-38.WANG Qing-cheng,LUO Yong-hao,LU Fang,et al.Investigation on coal derived soot in coal combustion system[J].Boiler Technology,2007,38(2):35-38.
[12] 王清成,邓剑.层燃炉煤燃烧碳黑形成规律的实验研究[J].化学世界,2013(6):321-323.WANG Qing-cheng,DENG Jian.Experimental study on soot formation regularity of coal combustion process in stoker-fired boiler[J].Chemical World,2013(6):321-323.
[13] 王清成,罗永浩.基于固定床上层燃炉煤热解碳黑形成规律的研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(12):1425-1429.WANG Qing-cheng,LUO Yong-hao.Study on soot formation regularity in coal pyrolysis process in stoker-fired boiler by fixed-bed[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(12):1425-1429.
[14] 陈振辉,杨海平,杨伟,等.生物质燃烧过程中颗粒物的形成机理及排放特性综述[J].生物质化学工程,2014,49(5):33-38.CHEN Zhen-hui,YANG Hai-ping,YANG Wei,et al.A review of formation mechanism and emission characteristics of particles in the biomass combustion process[J].Biomass Chemical Engineering,2014,49(5):33-38.
[15] 殷金英,郑宇浓,周真.煤与生物质燃烧生成碳黑团聚物的形态分析[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(1):338-340.YIN Jin-ying,ZHENG Yu-nong,ZHOU Zhen.Morphological analysis for the carbonaceous aggregates from the coal and biomass fuel combustion[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(1):338-340.
[16] 马晓茜.垃圾焚烧时碳黑的形成与燃烧分析[J].锅炉制造,2000(4):22-24.MA Xiao-qian.Analyses on formation and combustion of Carbon black waste incineration[J].Boiler Manufacturing,2000(4):22-24.
[17] 王小华.350 MW机组锅炉低NOx燃烧器改造试验研究[J].热力发电,2013,42(6):58-64.WANG Xiao-hua.Experimental study on retrofitted low NOx burner of a 350 MW unit boiler[J].Thermal Power Generation,2013,42(6):58-64.
[18] 辛曲珍,康达,姜森.烟煤锅炉掺烧褐煤技术要点分析[J],锅炉制造,2011(1):31-33.XIN Qu-zhen,KANG Da,JIANG Sen.Points analysis of bituminous coal boiler mix burning with lignite coal[J].Boiler Manufacturing,2011,(1):31-33.
[19] 王潜,林显敏,李海山,等.烟煤锅炉掺烧褐煤的炉内结焦分析[J].电站系统工程,2012,28(5):18-20.WANG Qian,LIN Xian-min,LI Hai-shan,et al.Furnace coking analysis of blend lignite burning in bituminous coal boiler[J].Power System Engineering,2012,28(5):18-20.
[20] 赵振宁,佟义英,方占岭,等.600 MW超临界机组掺烧印尼褐煤、越南无烟煤试验研究[J].热能动力工程,2009,24(4):513-518.ZHAO Zhen-ning,TONG Yi-ying,FANG Zhan-ling,et al.Experimental study of mixed combustion of Indonesia-originated lignite and Vietnam-originated anthracite in a 600 MW supercritical unit[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2009,24(4):513-518.
[21] 朴哲龙,米子德,富瑞贞,等.褐煤和烟煤火焰检测的比较分析[J].华北电力技术,2009(1):19-21.PIAO Zhe-long,MI Zi-de,FU Rui-zhen,et al.Comparison and analysis of flame detection between brown coal and bituminous coal[J].North China Electric Power,2009(1):19-21.
[22] 孙学信.燃煤锅炉燃烧试验技术与方法[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.SUN Xue-xin.Coal fired boiler combustion test technology and method[M].China Electric Power Press,2002.
[23] GB 10184-1988,电站锅炉性能试验规程[S].GB 10184-1988,Performance test code for utility boiler[S].
[24] 岑可法.锅炉燃烧试验研究方法及测量技术[M].北京:北京水利电力出版社,1987.CEN Ke-fa.Boiler combustion test method and measurement technology[M].Beijing:Beijing water conservancy and electric power press,1987.
[25] 辛曲珍.600 MW烟煤锅炉掺烧褐煤燃烧器改造方案论证[J].电站系统工程,2012,28(1):44-46.XIN Qu-zhen.Retrofit of burner for 600 MW bituminous coal-fired boiler blending with lignite[J].Power System Engineering,2012,28(1):44-46.
[26] 范立杰.600 MW烟煤锅炉掺混褐煤烟气量及引风机改造计算分析[J].锅炉制造,2012(3):14-16.FAN Li-jie.Calculation analysis of flue gas flow for 600 MW bituminous boiler mixed with lignite and renovation of induced fan[J].Boiler Manufacturing,2012(3):14-16.
[2] 童世唯.煤粉燃烧中碳黑科技的辐射特性计算研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.TONG Shi-wei.Study on the radiative properties of soot particles in the coal of combustion[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science &Techology,2013.
[3] 鄂勇,宋国利,张颖,等.碳黑大气颗粒物的环境效应.地球与环境[J],2006,34(1):61-64.E Yong,SONG Guo-li,ZHANG Ying,et al.Environmental effects of particulate matter of black carbon[J].Earth and Environment,2006,34(1):61-64.
[4] SIEGMANN K,SIEGMANN HC.Modecular precursor of soot and quantification of associated health risk[C]//Current Problems in Condensed Matter,New York:Plenum Press,1998:143-160.
[5] 管诗骈,高翔,谭永杰,等.燃烧过程中碳黑颗粒生成机理的研究进展[J].能源工程,2003(3):31-34.GUAN Shi-pian,GAO Xiang,TAN Yong-jie,et al.Research development on the mechanism of soot formation in combustion[J].Energy Engineering,2003(3):31-34.
[6] GAYDON AG.Spectroscopy and combustion theory[M].London:Chapman and Hall,1948.
[7] FLETCHER T H,MA J,et al.Soot in coal combustion systems[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1997,23:283-301.
[8] TAO F,GOLOVITCHEV V I,CHOMIAK J.A phenomenological model for the prediction of soot formation in diesel spray combustion[J].Combustion and Flame,2004,136:270-282.
[9] LINDSTEDT R P,BOCKHOM H..Soot formation in combustion:Mechanisms and models[M].Heidelberg:Springer-verlag,1994.
[10] FRENKLACH M,WANG H.Detailed mechanism and modeling of soot formation in combustion[M].Berlin:Springer-verlag,1994.
[11] 王清成,罗永浩,陆方,等.煤燃烧系统中碳黑的研究进展.锅炉技术[J],2007,38(2):35-38.WANG Qing-cheng,LUO Yong-hao,LU Fang,et al.Investigation on coal derived soot in coal combustion system[J].Boiler Technology,2007,38(2):35-38.
[12] 王清成,邓剑.层燃炉煤燃烧碳黑形成规律的实验研究[J].化学世界,2013(6):321-323.WANG Qing-cheng,DENG Jian.Experimental study on soot formation regularity of coal combustion process in stoker-fired boiler[J].Chemical World,2013(6):321-323.
[13] 王清成,罗永浩.基于固定床上层燃炉煤热解碳黑形成规律的研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(12):1425-1429.WANG Qing-cheng,LUO Yong-hao.Study on soot formation regularity in coal pyrolysis process in stoker-fired boiler by fixed-bed[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(12):1425-1429.
[14] 陈振辉,杨海平,杨伟,等.生物质燃烧过程中颗粒物的形成机理及排放特性综述[J].生物质化学工程,2014,49(5):33-38.CHEN Zhen-hui,YANG Hai-ping,YANG Wei,et al.A review of formation mechanism and emission characteristics of particles in the biomass combustion process[J].Biomass Chemical Engineering,2014,49(5):33-38.
[15] 殷金英,郑宇浓,周真.煤与生物质燃烧生成碳黑团聚物的形态分析[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(1):338-340.YIN Jin-ying,ZHENG Yu-nong,ZHOU Zhen.Morphological analysis for the carbonaceous aggregates from the coal and biomass fuel combustion[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2017,17(1):338-340.
[16] 马晓茜.垃圾焚烧时碳黑的形成与燃烧分析[J].锅炉制造,2000(4):22-24.MA Xiao-qian.Analyses on formation and combustion of Carbon black waste incineration[J].Boiler Manufacturing,2000(4):22-24.
[17] 王小华.350 MW机组锅炉低NOx燃烧器改造试验研究[J].热力发电,2013,42(6):58-64.WANG Xiao-hua.Experimental study on retrofitted low NOx burner of a 350 MW unit boiler[J].Thermal Power Generation,2013,42(6):58-64.
[18] 辛曲珍,康达,姜森.烟煤锅炉掺烧褐煤技术要点分析[J],锅炉制造,2011(1):31-33.XIN Qu-zhen,KANG Da,JIANG Sen.Points analysis of bituminous coal boiler mix burning with lignite coal[J].Boiler Manufacturing,2011,(1):31-33.
[19] 王潜,林显敏,李海山,等.烟煤锅炉掺烧褐煤的炉内结焦分析[J].电站系统工程,2012,28(5):18-20.WANG Qian,LIN Xian-min,LI Hai-shan,et al.Furnace coking analysis of blend lignite burning in bituminous coal boiler[J].Power System Engineering,2012,28(5):18-20.
[20] 赵振宁,佟义英,方占岭,等.600 MW超临界机组掺烧印尼褐煤、越南无烟煤试验研究[J].热能动力工程,2009,24(4):513-518.ZHAO Zhen-ning,TONG Yi-ying,FANG Zhan-ling,et al.Experimental study of mixed combustion of Indonesia-originated lignite and Vietnam-originated anthracite in a 600 MW supercritical unit[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2009,24(4):513-518.
[21] 朴哲龙,米子德,富瑞贞,等.褐煤和烟煤火焰检测的比较分析[J].华北电力技术,2009(1):19-21.PIAO Zhe-long,MI Zi-de,FU Rui-zhen,et al.Comparison and analysis of flame detection between brown coal and bituminous coal[J].North China Electric Power,2009(1):19-21.
[22] 孙学信.燃煤锅炉燃烧试验技术与方法[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.SUN Xue-xin.Coal fired boiler combustion test technology and method[M].China Electric Power Press,2002.
[23] GB 10184-1988,电站锅炉性能试验规程[S].GB 10184-1988,Performance test code for utility boiler[S].
[24] 岑可法.锅炉燃烧试验研究方法及测量技术[M].北京:北京水利电力出版社,1987.CEN Ke-fa.Boiler combustion test method and measurement technology[M].Beijing:Beijing water conservancy and electric power press,1987.
[25] 辛曲珍.600 MW烟煤锅炉掺烧褐煤燃烧器改造方案论证[J].电站系统工程,2012,28(1):44-46.XIN Qu-zhen.Retrofit of burner for 600 MW bituminous coal-fired boiler blending with lignite[J].Power System Engineering,2012,28(1):44-46.
[26] 范立杰.600 MW烟煤锅炉掺混褐煤烟气量及引风机改造计算分析[J].锅炉制造,2012(3):14-16.FAN Li-jie.Calculation analysis of flue gas flow for 600 MW bituminous boiler mixed with lignite and renovation of induced fan[J].Boiler Manufacturing,2012(3):14-16.