5种鱼类标志对草鱼临界游泳速度的影响
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摘要
采用被动整合雷达标志法(PIT)、切鳍标记、荧光标记、超声波标志和T型标志这5种标志方法对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)进行标记后,测定其临界游泳速度,研究5种不同标记对草鱼游泳能力的影响。将试验草鱼按不同体长分为3组:15~18 cm,18~21 cm,21~25 cm,每个体长组均设置对照组,并分别进行以上5种鱼类标志,测量标志后草鱼的绝对临界游泳速度和相对临界游泳速度。采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行数据的分析比较。研究结果表明,随着体长增加,草鱼的绝对临界游泳速度增大,相对临界游泳速度减小;超声波标志对3个体长组草鱼的临界游泳速度均有极显著影响(P<0.01),标志后草鱼绝对临界游泳速度分别下降18.72%、16.40%、23.15%,相对临界游泳速度分别下降18.95%、17.78%、21.86%;T型标志对15~18 cm体长组草鱼的临界游泳速度有极显著性影响(P<0.01),标志后草鱼绝对临界游泳速度下降8.35%,相对临界游泳速度下降9.30%,对体长大于18 cm的草鱼无显著性影响;PIT标志、切鳍标记和荧光标记对这3个体长组草鱼的临界游泳速度均无显著性影响(P>0.05)。
This research assessed the effect of five tagging methods: namely, PIT marking, fin amputation marking, fluorescent marking, ultrasound marking and T-type marking, on the critical swimming speed of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Grass carp with a body length of 15–25 cm(standard length, SL) were divided into three size groups: short body length(15-18 cm), medium body length(18–21 cm) and long body length(21-25 cm). Critical swimming speed was measured for 144 fish in an annular flume with a water temperature of(16±1)℃. SPSS17.0 software was used for data processing. The results showed that the absolute critical swimming speed of the grass carp tended to increase, while the relative critical swimming speed tended to decrease along with an increasing body length. Ultrasonic tagging showed a significant impact(P<0.01) on the swimming ability of the fish in all size groups(body length 15-25 cm). The absolute critical swimming speed of the grass carp in each of the three size groups(short, medium, large) decreased by 18.72%, 16.40% and 23.15%, respectively, after ultrasound tagging, and the relative critical swimming speed of the three groups decreased by 18.95%, 17.78% and 21.86%, respectively. T-type tagging also showed a significant impact(P<0.01) on the swimming ability of grass carp in the short body length group: their absolute critical swimming speed decreased by 8.35%, whereas their relative critical swimming speed decreased by 9.30%. No significant impact of T-type tagging was detected on the critical swimming speed of grass carp with a medium or long body length(18-25 cm). Finally, no significant impact on swimming speed was detected for fish with a PIT tag, fin amputation marking or fluorescent tag.
This research assessed the effect of five tagging methods: namely, PIT marking, fin amputation marking, fluorescent marking, ultrasound marking and T-type marking, on the critical swimming speed of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Grass carp with a body length of 15–25 cm(standard length, SL) were divided into three size groups: short body length(15-18 cm), medium body length(18–21 cm) and long body length(21-25 cm). Critical swimming speed was measured for 144 fish in an annular flume with a water temperature of(16±1)℃. SPSS17.0 software was used for data processing. The results showed that the absolute critical swimming speed of the grass carp tended to increase, while the relative critical swimming speed tended to decrease along with an increasing body length. Ultrasonic tagging showed a significant impact(P<0.01) on the swimming ability of the fish in all size groups(body length 15-25 cm). The absolute critical swimming speed of the grass carp in each of the three size groups(short, medium, large) decreased by 18.72%, 16.40% and 23.15%, respectively, after ultrasound tagging, and the relative critical swimming speed of the three groups decreased by 18.95%, 17.78% and 21.86%, respectively. T-type tagging also showed a significant impact(P<0.01) on the swimming ability of grass carp in the short body length group: their absolute critical swimming speed decreased by 8.35%, whereas their relative critical swimming speed decreased by 9.30%. No significant impact of T-type tagging was detected on the critical swimming speed of grass carp with a medium or long body length(18-25 cm). Finally, no significant impact on swimming speed was detected for fish with a PIT tag, fin amputation marking or fluorescent tag.
引文
[1]Ricker W E.Methods for assessment of fish production in fresh water[M]//IMP Handbook No.3.New Jersey:Blackwell Science Publication,1971:82-97.
[2]Nielsen L A.Methods of Marking Fish and Shellfish[M].New York:American Fisheries Society Special Publication,1992,23:37-38.
[3]Cooke S J,Hinch S G,Wikelski M,et al.Biotelemetry:a mechanistic approach to ecology[J].Trends Ecol Evol,2004,19(6):334-343.
[4]Tang J H,Chen M H,Bai H P,et al.Experiments on propagation and release of Sparus macrocephalus in the coastal waters of Jiangsu and Zhejiang province[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,1998,7(2):167-171.[汤建华,陈铭惠,柏怀萍,等.江浙沿海黑鲷增殖放流试验[J].上海水产大学学报,1998,7(2):167-171.]
[5]Liu J F,Weng Z C,Tang X G,et al.Tagging techniques of Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson)in Guanjingyang sea area and a preliminary study on ecological habits and characteristics of early tagged fish[J].Marine Sciences,1994(5):53-58.[刘家富,翁忠钗,唐晓刚,等.官井洋大黄鱼标志放流技术与放流标志鱼早期生态习性的初步研究[J].海洋科学,1994(5):53-58.]
[6]Lin J B,Chen T,Chen L,et al.The techniques of Sparus marocephalus tagged and released in Daya Bay[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2001,25(1):75-79.[林金錶,陈涛,陈琳,等.大亚湾黑鲷标志放流技术[J].水产学报,2001,25(1):75-79.]
[7]Luo H W,Duan X B,Liu S P,et al.Effects of surgically implanted dummy ultrasonic transmitters on physiological response of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis[J].Fish Physiol Biochem,2014,40(5):1521-1532.
[8]Fu S J,Cao Z D,Peng J L.Effect of repetitive bouts of exhaustive exercise with different interval on oxygen consumption in juvenile southern catfish[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science,2009,26(1):13-16.[付世建,曹振东,彭姜岚.不同时间间隔重复力竭运动对南方鲇幼鱼耗氧率的影响[J].重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,26(1):13-16.]
[9]Pingguo H E.Swimming behaviour of winter flounder(Pleuronectes americanus)on natural fishing grounds as observed by an underwater video camera[J].Fish Res,2003,60(2/3):507-514.
[10]Yu X M,Zhang X M.Research progress on measurements of fish swimming ability[J].South China Fisheries Science,2011,7(4):76-84.[于晓明,张秀梅.鱼类游泳能力测定方法的研究进展[J].南方水产科学,2011,7(4):76-84.]
[11]Duan X B,Yu L X,Luo H W,et al.Critical swimming speed comparison of four species of fish at two acclimation temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2015,50(4):529-536.[段辛斌,俞立雄,罗宏伟,等.两种温度条件下四种鱼类临界游泳速度的比较[J].动物学杂志,2015,50(4):529-536.]
[12]Xian X M,Cao Z D,Fu S J.The comparison of critical swimming speed and endurance at high speed of four species of juvenile fish[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science,2010,27(4):16-20.[鲜雪梅,曹振东,付世建.4种幼鱼临界游泳速度和运动耐受时间的比较[J].重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,27(4):16-20.]
[13]Qiao Y G,Huang H L,Huang M F,et al.The preliminary study on swimming speed of different freshwater fishes[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2012(15):116-119.[乔云贵,黄洪亮,黄妙芬,等.不同淡水鱼类游泳速度的初步研究[J].湖南农业科学,2012(15):116-119.]
[14]Wang J H,Jiang W,Tang X L,et al.The preliminary evaluation of economic fisheries resource enhancement and releasing effect in the Gezhouba reservoir[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2014,44(6):100-103.[王军红,姜伟,唐锡良,等.长江三峡大坝—葛洲坝江段经济鱼类增殖放流效果初步评价[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(6):100-103.]
[15]Li S H,Chen D Q,Duan X B,et al.Genetic effects of released mature Ctenopharyngodon idellus on natural population based on the mitochondrial DNA markers in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2014,44(3):45-50.[李树华,陈大庆,段辛斌,等.基于线粒体DNA标记的长江中游草鱼亲本增殖放流的遗传效果评估[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(3):45-50.]
[16]Moore A,Russell I C,Potter E C E.The effects of intraperitoneally implanted dummy acoustic transmitters on the behaviour and physiology of juvenile Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L.[J].J Fish Biol,1990,37:713-721.
[17]Lee C G,Farrell A P,Lotto A,et al.The effect of temperature on swimming performance and oxygen consumption in adult sockeye(Oncorhychus nerka)and coho(O.kisutch)salmon stocks[J].J Exp Biol,2003,206(18):3239-3251.
[18]Zeng L Q,Cao Z D,Fu S J,et al.Effect of temperature on swimming performance in juvenile southern catfish(Silurus meridionalis Chen)[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,2009,153(2):125-130.
[19]Ye C,Wang K,Huang F J,et al.Swimming capability of Schizothorax oconnori[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2013,43(3):33-37.[叶超,王珂,黄福江,等.异齿裂腹鱼游泳能力初探[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(3):33-37.]
[20]Li H F,Cai D S,Yang P S.Swimming ability and behavior of different sized silver carp[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2016,37(3):88-92.[李会锋,蔡德所,杨培思.鲢幼鱼游泳能力及游泳行为的试验研究[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(3):88-92.]
[21]Shapiro A H.Shape and Flow,the Fluid Dynamics of Drag[M].Translated by Tan G S.Beijing:Science Press,1979:99-120.[夏皮罗.形与流——漫谈阻力流体动力学[M].谈镐生,译.北京:科学出版社,1979:99-120.]
[22]Luo H W,Duan X B,Wang S,et al.Effects of surgically implanted dummy ultrasonic transmitters on grass carp Ctenopharyangodon idella[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(2):577-583.[罗宏伟,段辛斌,王生,等.手术植入虚假超声波发射器对草鱼的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):577-583.]
[23]Liu Z L,Xu Y J,Liu X Z,et al.Tagging of Japanese flounder using T-bar tags[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(6):80-86.[刘芝亮,徐永江,柳学周,等.T型标志牌标记牙鲆苗种[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(6):80-86.]
[24]Zhou Y D,Xu H X,Dai X J,et al.An application effect of several tagged methods in fisheries resource enhancement[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2008(1):6-12.[周永东,徐汉祥,戴小杰,等.几种标志方法在渔业资源增殖放流中的应用效果[J].福建水产,2008(1):6-12.]
[25]Dong Z J,He J,Zhu J,et al.Comparison of growth among60 families GIFT strain tilapia at initial stage[J].Fresh Water Fisheries,2008,38(3):32-34.[董在杰,何杰,朱健,等.60个家系吉富品系罗非鱼初期阶段的生长比较[J].淡水渔业,2008,38(3):32-34.]
[26]Woods C M.Evaluation of VI-alpha and PIT-tagging of the seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis[J].Aquac Int,2005,13:175-186.
[27]Chen J T,Dai X J.Current status of fish tagging technology[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2005,14(4):451-456.[陈锦淘,戴小杰.鱼类标志放流技术的研究现状[J].上海水产大学学报,2005,14(4):451-456.]
[28]Tang J H,Cu X M,Liu P T,et al.Comparison between fish tagging and marking techniques for enhancement of fish resource[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2005,20(9):13-15.[汤建华,促霞铭,刘培廷,等.渔业资源增殖放流加标方法的比较[J].现代渔业信息,2005,20(9):13-15.]
[29]Li L C.Practical Ichthyology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2009:56-157.[李林春.实用鱼类学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009:56-157.]
[30]Liu M Z,Lin X T,Xu Z N,et al.Influences of fins amputation on swimming ability of Tanichthys albonubes[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2014,49(6):930-937.[刘明中,林小涛,许忠能,等.切鳍标记对唐鱼游泳能力的影响[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(6):930-937.]
[31]Pierson J M,Bayne D R.Long-term retention of fluorescent pigment by four fishes used in warmwater culture[J].Prog Fish-Culturist,1983,45(3):186-188.
[32]Mouring T E,Fausch K D,Gowan C.Comparison of visible implant tags end ploy anchor tags on hatchery rainbow trout[J].North Am J Fish Manag,1994,14:636-642.
[2]Nielsen L A.Methods of Marking Fish and Shellfish[M].New York:American Fisheries Society Special Publication,1992,23:37-38.
[3]Cooke S J,Hinch S G,Wikelski M,et al.Biotelemetry:a mechanistic approach to ecology[J].Trends Ecol Evol,2004,19(6):334-343.
[4]Tang J H,Chen M H,Bai H P,et al.Experiments on propagation and release of Sparus macrocephalus in the coastal waters of Jiangsu and Zhejiang province[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,1998,7(2):167-171.[汤建华,陈铭惠,柏怀萍,等.江浙沿海黑鲷增殖放流试验[J].上海水产大学学报,1998,7(2):167-171.]
[5]Liu J F,Weng Z C,Tang X G,et al.Tagging techniques of Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson)in Guanjingyang sea area and a preliminary study on ecological habits and characteristics of early tagged fish[J].Marine Sciences,1994(5):53-58.[刘家富,翁忠钗,唐晓刚,等.官井洋大黄鱼标志放流技术与放流标志鱼早期生态习性的初步研究[J].海洋科学,1994(5):53-58.]
[6]Lin J B,Chen T,Chen L,et al.The techniques of Sparus marocephalus tagged and released in Daya Bay[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2001,25(1):75-79.[林金錶,陈涛,陈琳,等.大亚湾黑鲷标志放流技术[J].水产学报,2001,25(1):75-79.]
[7]Luo H W,Duan X B,Liu S P,et al.Effects of surgically implanted dummy ultrasonic transmitters on physiological response of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis[J].Fish Physiol Biochem,2014,40(5):1521-1532.
[8]Fu S J,Cao Z D,Peng J L.Effect of repetitive bouts of exhaustive exercise with different interval on oxygen consumption in juvenile southern catfish[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science,2009,26(1):13-16.[付世建,曹振东,彭姜岚.不同时间间隔重复力竭运动对南方鲇幼鱼耗氧率的影响[J].重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,26(1):13-16.]
[9]Pingguo H E.Swimming behaviour of winter flounder(Pleuronectes americanus)on natural fishing grounds as observed by an underwater video camera[J].Fish Res,2003,60(2/3):507-514.
[10]Yu X M,Zhang X M.Research progress on measurements of fish swimming ability[J].South China Fisheries Science,2011,7(4):76-84.[于晓明,张秀梅.鱼类游泳能力测定方法的研究进展[J].南方水产科学,2011,7(4):76-84.]
[11]Duan X B,Yu L X,Luo H W,et al.Critical swimming speed comparison of four species of fish at two acclimation temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2015,50(4):529-536.[段辛斌,俞立雄,罗宏伟,等.两种温度条件下四种鱼类临界游泳速度的比较[J].动物学杂志,2015,50(4):529-536.]
[12]Xian X M,Cao Z D,Fu S J.The comparison of critical swimming speed and endurance at high speed of four species of juvenile fish[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science,2010,27(4):16-20.[鲜雪梅,曹振东,付世建.4种幼鱼临界游泳速度和运动耐受时间的比较[J].重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,27(4):16-20.]
[13]Qiao Y G,Huang H L,Huang M F,et al.The preliminary study on swimming speed of different freshwater fishes[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2012(15):116-119.[乔云贵,黄洪亮,黄妙芬,等.不同淡水鱼类游泳速度的初步研究[J].湖南农业科学,2012(15):116-119.]
[14]Wang J H,Jiang W,Tang X L,et al.The preliminary evaluation of economic fisheries resource enhancement and releasing effect in the Gezhouba reservoir[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2014,44(6):100-103.[王军红,姜伟,唐锡良,等.长江三峡大坝—葛洲坝江段经济鱼类增殖放流效果初步评价[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(6):100-103.]
[15]Li S H,Chen D Q,Duan X B,et al.Genetic effects of released mature Ctenopharyngodon idellus on natural population based on the mitochondrial DNA markers in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2014,44(3):45-50.[李树华,陈大庆,段辛斌,等.基于线粒体DNA标记的长江中游草鱼亲本增殖放流的遗传效果评估[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(3):45-50.]
[16]Moore A,Russell I C,Potter E C E.The effects of intraperitoneally implanted dummy acoustic transmitters on the behaviour and physiology of juvenile Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L.[J].J Fish Biol,1990,37:713-721.
[17]Lee C G,Farrell A P,Lotto A,et al.The effect of temperature on swimming performance and oxygen consumption in adult sockeye(Oncorhychus nerka)and coho(O.kisutch)salmon stocks[J].J Exp Biol,2003,206(18):3239-3251.
[18]Zeng L Q,Cao Z D,Fu S J,et al.Effect of temperature on swimming performance in juvenile southern catfish(Silurus meridionalis Chen)[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,2009,153(2):125-130.
[19]Ye C,Wang K,Huang F J,et al.Swimming capability of Schizothorax oconnori[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2013,43(3):33-37.[叶超,王珂,黄福江,等.异齿裂腹鱼游泳能力初探[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(3):33-37.]
[20]Li H F,Cai D S,Yang P S.Swimming ability and behavior of different sized silver carp[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2016,37(3):88-92.[李会锋,蔡德所,杨培思.鲢幼鱼游泳能力及游泳行为的试验研究[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(3):88-92.]
[21]Shapiro A H.Shape and Flow,the Fluid Dynamics of Drag[M].Translated by Tan G S.Beijing:Science Press,1979:99-120.[夏皮罗.形与流——漫谈阻力流体动力学[M].谈镐生,译.北京:科学出版社,1979:99-120.]
[22]Luo H W,Duan X B,Wang S,et al.Effects of surgically implanted dummy ultrasonic transmitters on grass carp Ctenopharyangodon idella[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(2):577-583.[罗宏伟,段辛斌,王生,等.手术植入虚假超声波发射器对草鱼的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):577-583.]
[23]Liu Z L,Xu Y J,Liu X Z,et al.Tagging of Japanese flounder using T-bar tags[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2013,34(6):80-86.[刘芝亮,徐永江,柳学周,等.T型标志牌标记牙鲆苗种[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(6):80-86.]
[24]Zhou Y D,Xu H X,Dai X J,et al.An application effect of several tagged methods in fisheries resource enhancement[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2008(1):6-12.[周永东,徐汉祥,戴小杰,等.几种标志方法在渔业资源增殖放流中的应用效果[J].福建水产,2008(1):6-12.]
[25]Dong Z J,He J,Zhu J,et al.Comparison of growth among60 families GIFT strain tilapia at initial stage[J].Fresh Water Fisheries,2008,38(3):32-34.[董在杰,何杰,朱健,等.60个家系吉富品系罗非鱼初期阶段的生长比较[J].淡水渔业,2008,38(3):32-34.]
[26]Woods C M.Evaluation of VI-alpha and PIT-tagging of the seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis[J].Aquac Int,2005,13:175-186.
[27]Chen J T,Dai X J.Current status of fish tagging technology[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2005,14(4):451-456.[陈锦淘,戴小杰.鱼类标志放流技术的研究现状[J].上海水产大学学报,2005,14(4):451-456.]
[28]Tang J H,Cu X M,Liu P T,et al.Comparison between fish tagging and marking techniques for enhancement of fish resource[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2005,20(9):13-15.[汤建华,促霞铭,刘培廷,等.渔业资源增殖放流加标方法的比较[J].现代渔业信息,2005,20(9):13-15.]
[29]Li L C.Practical Ichthyology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2009:56-157.[李林春.实用鱼类学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009:56-157.]
[30]Liu M Z,Lin X T,Xu Z N,et al.Influences of fins amputation on swimming ability of Tanichthys albonubes[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2014,49(6):930-937.[刘明中,林小涛,许忠能,等.切鳍标记对唐鱼游泳能力的影响[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(6):930-937.]
[31]Pierson J M,Bayne D R.Long-term retention of fluorescent pigment by four fishes used in warmwater culture[J].Prog Fish-Culturist,1983,45(3):186-188.
[32]Mouring T E,Fausch K D,Gowan C.Comparison of visible implant tags end ploy anchor tags on hatchery rainbow trout[J].North Am J Fish Manag,1994,14:636-642.