坚硬厚顶板条件下岩层破断及工作面矿压显现特征分析
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摘要
以石屹台煤矿生产实际为背景,采用理论分析与现场实测相结合的研究方法,对不同支撑边界条件下坚硬厚顶板破断及来压特征进行了分析。研究得到顶板破断位置及尺寸的确定方法及步骤:1)根据顶板不同支撑边界求得岩层应力分量表达式;2)根据深梁、长梁结构应力分布特点,结合长梁易破断位置应力,给出顶板危险垮断尺寸;3)修正顶板危险垮断尺寸得到坚硬厚顶板岩层内最大主应力及剪应力分布;4)选定最大拉应力或剪应力值接近岩石抗拉或抗剪强度时的垮断尺寸作为顶板极限安全跨距。结果表明:石屹台煤矿坚硬厚顶板以剪断特征为主,顶板初次垮断及周期来压步距分别在35.0 m与9.8 m左右。
Theoretical analysis and field measurement were adopted to analyze the hard and thick roof breaking characteristics under the different support boundary conditions in Shigetai coal mine.Steps of determining the roof broken location and size include: 1) the rock stress expressions was solved according to the different roof support boundary;2) determining the broken and dangerous size according to the characteristics of the stress distribution between the general long and deep beam structure;3) adjusting the broken and dangerous size and obtaining the distribution of the maximum principal stress and shear stress in the hard and thick roof strata;4) selecting and determining the safe limit size of the hard roof when the maximum tensile stress or shear stress values close to the limited strength.Results show that the hard roof mainly presented shearing characteristics in Shigetai coal mine,and the first and periodic weighting length equals 35.0 m and 9.8 m respectively.
Theoretical analysis and field measurement were adopted to analyze the hard and thick roof breaking characteristics under the different support boundary conditions in Shigetai coal mine.Steps of determining the roof broken location and size include: 1) the rock stress expressions was solved according to the different roof support boundary;2) determining the broken and dangerous size according to the characteristics of the stress distribution between the general long and deep beam structure;3) adjusting the broken and dangerous size and obtaining the distribution of the maximum principal stress and shear stress in the hard and thick roof strata;4) selecting and determining the safe limit size of the hard roof when the maximum tensile stress or shear stress values close to the limited strength.Results show that the hard roof mainly presented shearing characteristics in Shigetai coal mine,and the first and periodic weighting length equals 35.0 m and 9.8 m respectively.
引文
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[14]张东升,马立强.特厚坚硬岩层组下保水采煤技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1):62-65.ZHANG Dong-sheng,MA Li-qiang.Coal mining tech-nique with water conservation under hard and thickstrata[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(1):62-65.
[15]谢晔,刘军,李仲奎,等.在大型地下开挖中围岩块体稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(2):306-311.XIE Ye,LIU Jun,LI Zhong-kui,et al.Stability analysisof block surrounding rock mass of large underground ex-cavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2006,25(2):306-311.
[16]刘锦华,吕祖珩.块体理论在工程岩体稳定分析中的应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1988.
[2]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[3]杨治林.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板岩层的不稳定性态[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(12):1341-1345.YANG Zhi-ling.Instability behavior for roof strata inshallow seam longwall mining[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,2008,33(12):1341-1345.
[4]黄庆享.采场老顶初次来压的结构分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(5):521-526.HUANG Qing-xiang.Structural analysis of main roofstability during first weighting in long wall face[J].Journal Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,1998,17(5):521-526.
[5]黄庆享,钱鸣高,石平五.浅埋煤层顶板周期来压结构分析[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(6):581-585.HUANG Qing-xiang,QIAN Ming-gao SHI Ping-wu.Structural analysis of main roof stability during periodicweighting in long wall face[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,1999,24(6):581-585.
[6]朱德仁,钱鸣高,徐林生.坚硬项板来压控制的探讨[J].煤炭学报,1991,16(2):11-20.Zhu De-ren,Qian Ming-gao,Xu Lin-sheng.Discussionon control of hard roof weighting[J].Journal of ChinaCoal Society,1991,16(2):11-20.
[7]魏锦平,靳钟铭,杨彦风,等.坚硬顶板控制的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增刊):2488-2491.WEI Jin-ping,JIN Zhong-ming,YANG Yan-feng,et al.Numerical simulation of hard roof control[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Supp):2488-2491.
[8]钱鸣高,缪协兴,何富连.采场“砌体梁”结构的关键块分析[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(6):557-563.QIAN Ming-gao,MIAO Xie-xing,HE Fu-lian.Analysisof key block in the structure of voussoir beam in longwallmining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(6):557-563.
[9]黄庆享.浅理煤层长壁开采顶板结构及岩层控制研究[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.
[10]王开,康天合,李海涛,等.坚硬顶板控制放顶方式及合理悬顶长度的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2320-2327.WANG Kai,KANG Tian-he,LI Hai-tao,et al.Study ofcontrol caving methods and reasonable hanging rooflength on hard roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechan-ics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2320-2327.
[11]靳钟铭,徐林生.煤矿坚硬顶板控制[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1994.
[12]牛锡倬.煤矿坚硬难冒顶板控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1988,7(2):137-146.NIU Xi-zhuo.The control of hard and difficult to caveroof in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,1988,7(2):137-146.
[13]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[14]张东升,马立强.特厚坚硬岩层组下保水采煤技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1):62-65.ZHANG Dong-sheng,MA Li-qiang.Coal mining tech-nique with water conservation under hard and thickstrata[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(1):62-65.
[15]谢晔,刘军,李仲奎,等.在大型地下开挖中围岩块体稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(2):306-311.XIE Ye,LIU Jun,LI Zhong-kui,et al.Stability analysisof block surrounding rock mass of large underground ex-cavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2006,25(2):306-311.
[16]刘锦华,吕祖珩.块体理论在工程岩体稳定分析中的应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1988.