城口-鄂西海槽西侧晚二叠世碳酸盐台地边缘发育新认识
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摘要
基于城口-鄂西海槽西侧地区详细的露头调查、钻井资料分析,结合古生物、古生态以及地层对比,对研究区晚二叠世长兴期碳酸盐台地边缘沉积相及其演化进行详细解剖,得出区内台地边缘骨架礁-凝块石灰泥丘生态-沉积演化对碳酸盐台地边缘构筑具有积极作用的认识。研究表明区内长兴期碳酸盐台地边缘礁滩经历了三个演化阶段:第一阶段,碳酸盐台地边缘坡折带尚未形成,台地边缘礁滩欠发育,且台地前缘斜坡坡度较缓;第二阶段,碳酸盐台地镶边开始形成,发育骨架礁及滩相沉积,垂向上构成进积-加积组合序列,台地前缘斜坡变陡;第三阶段,微生物逐渐占据后生造礁生物生态空间,发育台地边缘凝块石灰泥丘,与上覆台地边缘滩构成垂向加积组合序列,促进了台地边缘正向地貌的发育,使区内台地边缘更加陡峭,台地前缘斜坡发育滑塌角砾岩。造礁生物生态演替及相对海平面变化共同影响并控制长兴期碳酸盐台地边缘构筑过程。
A analysis of detailed field observations drilling data, as well as paleontological, paleoecological, and stratigraphiccorrelations were carried out to characterize the sedimentary facies and understand the evolution of the Changhsingian(Late Permian)carbonate platform margin to the west of the Chengkou-Western Hubei Trough. These data demonstrate the constructive effects of thesedimentation and ecology of the marginal skeletal reefs and the thrombolite mud mounded on the architecture of the carbonateplatform. The model of reef and shoal complexes rim carbonate platform in Changhsingian underwent a three-stages evolution:(1) the slope break of the carbonate platform margin had not yet formed. The reefs and shoals were not fully developed, and the foreslope of theplatform was not especially steep;(2) The rim of the carbonate platform began to form. Skeletal reefs and shoal facies were developed invertical progradation-aggradation association sequences. The foreslope of the platform also became steeper;(3) The ecological niche ofmetazoan was occupied by microbe in Late Changhsingian. The thrombolite mud mounds were formed at this time, when a verticalaggradation sequence with the shoals developed on top of them. This fostered the further building up of the positive relief features of themargin. Meanwhile, the platform margin became much steeper and slump breccia developed on the foreslope of the margin. Theecological succession of reef-building organisms, together with changes in relative sea level, influenced and controlled the evolution ofthe carbonate platform margin throughout the Changxingian Stage.
A analysis of detailed field observations drilling data, as well as paleontological, paleoecological, and stratigraphiccorrelations were carried out to characterize the sedimentary facies and understand the evolution of the Changhsingian(Late Permian)carbonate platform margin to the west of the Chengkou-Western Hubei Trough. These data demonstrate the constructive effects of thesedimentation and ecology of the marginal skeletal reefs and the thrombolite mud mounded on the architecture of the carbonateplatform. The model of reef and shoal complexes rim carbonate platform in Changhsingian underwent a three-stages evolution:(1) the slope break of the carbonate platform margin had not yet formed. The reefs and shoals were not fully developed, and the foreslope of theplatform was not especially steep;(2) The rim of the carbonate platform began to form. Skeletal reefs and shoal facies were developed invertical progradation-aggradation association sequences. The foreslope of the platform also became steeper;(3) The ecological niche ofmetazoan was occupied by microbe in Late Changhsingian. The thrombolite mud mounds were formed at this time, when a verticalaggradation sequence with the shoals developed on top of them. This fostered the further building up of the positive relief features of themargin. Meanwhile, the platform margin became much steeper and slump breccia developed on the foreslope of the margin. Theecological succession of reef-building organisms, together with changes in relative sea level, influenced and controlled the evolution ofthe carbonate platform margin throughout the Changxingian Stage.
引文
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牟传龙,谭钦银,余谦,等.2004.川东北地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁组成及成礁模式[J].沉积与特提斯,24(3):65-71.
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魏国齐,陈更生,杨威,等.2004.川北下三叠统飞仙关组“槽台”沉积体系及演化[J].沉积学报,22(2):254-260.
魏国齐,陈更生,杨威,等.2006.四川盆地北部开江—梁平海槽边界及特征初探[J].石油与天然气地质,27(1):99-105.
吴亚生,YANG Wan,姜红霞,等.2006a.江西修水二叠纪—三叠纪界线地层海平面下降的岩石学证据[J].岩石学报,22(12):3039-3046
吴亚生,姜红霞,廖太平.2006b.重庆老龙洞二叠系—三叠系界线地层的海平面下降事件[J].岩石学报,22(9):2405-2412.
吴亚生,范嘉松,姜红霞,等.2007a.二叠纪末生物礁生态系绝灭的方式[J].科学通报,52(2):207-214
吴亚生,范嘉松,金玉玕.2003.晚二叠世末的生物礁出露及其意义[J]地质学报,3(77):289-298
吴亚生,姜红霞,Yang Wan,等.2007b.二叠纪-三叠纪之交缺氧环境的微生物和微生物岩[J].中国科学(D辑),37(5):618-628
谢树成,殷鸿福,史晓颖.2011.地球生物学:生命与地球环境的相互作用和协同演化[M].北京:科学出版社:1-345.
徐强,刘宝珺,何汉漪,等.2004.四川晚二叠世生物礁层序地层岩相古地理编图[J].石油学报,25(2):47-50.
许效松,刘宝珺,陆元法.1997.上扬子西缘二叠纪—三叠纪层序地层与盆山转换偶合[M].北京:地质出版社:1-24.
杨家静,王一刚,王兰生,等.2002.四川盆地东部长兴组—飞仙关组气藏地球化学特征及气源探讨[J].沉积学报,20(2):349-352.
杨雨,文应初.2002.川东北开江—梁平海槽发育对T1f鲕粒岩分布的控制[J].天然气工业,22(增刊):30-32.
张廷山,杨巍,伍坤宇.2014.川东北二叠纪长兴晚期微生物丘:大灭绝事件过程的征兆[J].微体古生物学报,31(3):229-242.
张维,张孝林.1992.中国南方二叠纪生物礁与古生态[M].北京:地质出版社:1-157.
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