美国城市公共厕所的设计及其启示
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摘要
城市公共厕所设计是为人们日常生活服务的公共设施设计,近年来越来越受到社会大众的重视。而作为现代设计发展最成熟的美国,其城市公共厕所设计理念已渗透到社会生活的每个细节,为人们的日常生活提供便利而高质量的服务。通过对美国城市公共厕所的实地走访调研,探讨其外观视觉、内部环境、多功能分区、洁具细节等方面的设计,总结得出厕所设计的以人为本、功能完善、法律规范、绿色生态等思想启示,从而为我国城市公共厕所优化设计提供有益参考。
The public toilet design, as the public facility design serving for people's daily life, is becoming increasingly focused by the public of the society. While for US, which is with the most mature modern design, its public toilet design concept in the cities has penetrated into each details of its social life and is providing convenient and high-quality services to people's daily lives. This text carried out field investigations on the public toilets in the cities of US, discussed its designs in exterior appearance, interior environment, multi-functional divisions and the details of the sanitary appliances, etc., and it summarized the ideological reflections drawn from it, such as the human-orientation, the perfected functions, standardized legal applications and ecological nature, etc., therefore providing effective references for the optimized designing of the public toilets in our country.
The public toilet design, as the public facility design serving for people's daily life, is becoming increasingly focused by the public of the society. While for US, which is with the most mature modern design, its public toilet design concept in the cities has penetrated into each details of its social life and is providing convenient and high-quality services to people's daily lives. This text carried out field investigations on the public toilets in the cities of US, discussed its designs in exterior appearance, interior environment, multi-functional divisions and the details of the sanitary appliances, etc., and it summarized the ideological reflections drawn from it, such as the human-orientation, the perfected functions, standardized legal applications and ecological nature, etc., therefore providing effective references for the optimized designing of the public toilets in our country.
引文
[1]北京大学旅游研究与规划中心.旅游规划与设计——旅游厕所[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015(12):118-121.
[2]黄耘,李婉倪.水的轮回——重庆黄山抗战遗址博物苑生态厕所设计[J].生态经济,2006(6):130-133.
[3]Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.The future of the public health in the 21st century[M].Washington DC:The National Academies Press,2003:96-107.
[4]孙枫,汪德根,牛玉.生态文明视角下旅游厕所建设影响因素与创新机制——基于游客满意度感知分析[J].地理科学进展,2016(6):702-713.
[5]刘波.城市公共厕所的生态设计研究[J].生态经济,2014(2):193-195.
[6]高钰.公共厕所指路牌设计要点[J].环境卫生工程,2016(1):61-64.
[7]李亭翠,周萍.浅谈风景区公共厕所景观设计[J].美术教育研究,2014(9):73-74.
[8]徐媛.美国州公共卫生法律示范项目对我国立法启示[J].中国公共卫生,2007(5):637-638.
[9]刘新,朱琳,夏南.构建健康的公共卫生文化——生态型公共厕所系统创新设计研究[J].装饰,2016(3):26-29.
[10]李金早.全社会行动起来、积极投身厕所革命[N].中国旅游报,2015-07-20(01).
[2]黄耘,李婉倪.水的轮回——重庆黄山抗战遗址博物苑生态厕所设计[J].生态经济,2006(6):130-133.
[3]Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.The future of the public health in the 21st century[M].Washington DC:The National Academies Press,2003:96-107.
[4]孙枫,汪德根,牛玉.生态文明视角下旅游厕所建设影响因素与创新机制——基于游客满意度感知分析[J].地理科学进展,2016(6):702-713.
[5]刘波.城市公共厕所的生态设计研究[J].生态经济,2014(2):193-195.
[6]高钰.公共厕所指路牌设计要点[J].环境卫生工程,2016(1):61-64.
[7]李亭翠,周萍.浅谈风景区公共厕所景观设计[J].美术教育研究,2014(9):73-74.
[8]徐媛.美国州公共卫生法律示范项目对我国立法启示[J].中国公共卫生,2007(5):637-638.
[9]刘新,朱琳,夏南.构建健康的公共卫生文化——生态型公共厕所系统创新设计研究[J].装饰,2016(3):26-29.
[10]李金早.全社会行动起来、积极投身厕所革命[N].中国旅游报,2015-07-20(01).