机动交通趋零化背景下城市公园交通空间调适研究——以西安曲江池遗址公园为例
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摘要
游憩交通方式的绿色、环保、低碳对于构筑高品质的游憩环境至关重要。城市公园因为其开放的管理方式引发私家车过量进入,游憩交通问题频频发生。近年来,多个城市公园相继颁布公园"禁车令"、"限行令"等政策以限制机动交通为主的游憩交通发展,引导其转向非机动交通为主导的交通方式。研究基于机动交通不断减少的现实状况,从揭示机动交通趋零化下城市公园的交通特征着手,提出规划应对策略,并以西安曲江池遗址公园为例,从交通空间再组织的困境剖析、动态交通体系的多元优化以及配套交通体系的提升整治等三个方面探讨游憩交通空间的调适方法,以期为城市公园交通空间的建设改造提供有益的借鉴与思考。
The green, environmental protection and low-carbon of recreation traffic are crucial to establishing the high-quality recreation environment. According to the open management methods, excessive private cars swarm into the city parks and the traffic problems occur frequently. Many city parks have promulgated some policies in recent years, such as vehicles ban and traffic limit to control the development of recreation motor vehicle traffic and lead the change to non-motor vehicle traffic.Firstly, based on the literature reading and the field investigation, the paper analyzes the connotation and traffic characteristics of motor vehicle traffic zeroing. It is concluded that the zero traffic of motor vehicles is not zero for motorized traffic, but its priority in the recreational transport system is greatly weakened, the groups between users of different modes of transportation tend to be equal. The relationship between traffic use demand and traffic space supply is not equivalent. From the perspective of dynamic transportation system, based on a variety of non-motorized traffic, the traffic demand structure supplemented by motorized traffic is contradictory to the space supply dominated by the driveway. From the point of view of the static traffic system, the sharp decline in the demand for parking associated with the gradual reduction of motorized traffic will be significantly different from the matching scale of the original park parking facilities. For the import and export transportation system, the reduction of some motorized traffic entry and exit demand brought about by the trend of motorized traffic will be somewhat misplaced with the service function of the original entrance and exit system and other conclusions.Secondly, based on the reality of the continuous decreasing of motorized traffic, this paper reveals the traffic characteristics of urban parks under the trend of zeroing motorized traffic,proposes the adjustment strategy of urban park traffic space with zeroing of motorized traffic,advocates the return of the people-oriented transportation system planning concept, and guides the entire park's recreational traffic to develop comprehensively and rationally to meet people's recreational needs and create a high-quality leisure environment. It should enhance the status of non-motorized transportation in the park, weaken the dominant position of mobile transportation in the park, emphasize the overall balance within the park, improve the service efficiency of the static transportation system, improve the layout of the entrance and exit functions, and provide realistic conditions for realizing the micro-balance of the overall transportation system, so as to guide the long-term development of green recreation. Combined with the traffic characteristics and leisure needs of the park, the moderate introduction of leisure traffic functions such as jogging tracks, walking walkways and bicycle lanes is conducive to strengthening the leisure characteristics of urban parks while making full use of road resources.Finally, the spatial adjustment of motorized traffic is demonstrated by the example of Xi 'an Qujiang Pool Park, where the frequency and efficiency of motorized traffic are greatly reduced. 1)Through the recognition of the current situation of Qujiang Park traffic space, this paper analyzes the dilemma of re-organizing its traffic space under the background of zero traffic: The supply and demand status of the original dynamic transportation system was broken, and each traffic path directly faced the dilemma of imbalance of road rights; The structure of the park's traffic demand changes, affecting the role of the throat in the entrance and exit of Qujiangchi Ruins Park. Parking configuration with misplaced supply and demand directly leads to inefficient parking service in the park. 2)From the multi-optimization of dynamic transportation system and the improvement of supporting transportation system, the adjustment of traffic space organization under the background of zeroing of motorized traffic.It should fully tap the potential functions of vacant roads, combine the types of residents' activities, and plan the slow runways and bicycle lanes that conform to the slow life of the city; It should fully understand the traffic demand in the region, and focus on the various traffic flow paths to achieve the micro-balance of the transportation system in key functional areas. Based on the characteristics of Baidu thermal map index in the park, based on crowd activities and jogging habits, it should improve the cross-section design of traffic conflict points; Considering the traffic congestion and hedging needs of the peak festival people during the peak period, it should plan and integrate the distribution function of the square to systematically comb the entrance and exit system. It should optimize the rational allocation of static traffic facilities in the park by combining centralized parking at the entrance and exit with a certain capacity parking setting in the main functional area. Considering Qujiang Park as an important place for emergency rescue of urban civil air defense and disaster prevention, it is proposed that the traffic support function of the park should be equipped with a three-level emergency evacuation access system and emergency rescue facilities corresponding to important traffic node configurations.
The green, environmental protection and low-carbon of recreation traffic are crucial to establishing the high-quality recreation environment. According to the open management methods, excessive private cars swarm into the city parks and the traffic problems occur frequently. Many city parks have promulgated some policies in recent years, such as vehicles ban and traffic limit to control the development of recreation motor vehicle traffic and lead the change to non-motor vehicle traffic.Firstly, based on the literature reading and the field investigation, the paper analyzes the connotation and traffic characteristics of motor vehicle traffic zeroing. It is concluded that the zero traffic of motor vehicles is not zero for motorized traffic, but its priority in the recreational transport system is greatly weakened, the groups between users of different modes of transportation tend to be equal. The relationship between traffic use demand and traffic space supply is not equivalent. From the perspective of dynamic transportation system, based on a variety of non-motorized traffic, the traffic demand structure supplemented by motorized traffic is contradictory to the space supply dominated by the driveway. From the point of view of the static traffic system, the sharp decline in the demand for parking associated with the gradual reduction of motorized traffic will be significantly different from the matching scale of the original park parking facilities. For the import and export transportation system, the reduction of some motorized traffic entry and exit demand brought about by the trend of motorized traffic will be somewhat misplaced with the service function of the original entrance and exit system and other conclusions.Secondly, based on the reality of the continuous decreasing of motorized traffic, this paper reveals the traffic characteristics of urban parks under the trend of zeroing motorized traffic,proposes the adjustment strategy of urban park traffic space with zeroing of motorized traffic,advocates the return of the people-oriented transportation system planning concept, and guides the entire park's recreational traffic to develop comprehensively and rationally to meet people's recreational needs and create a high-quality leisure environment. It should enhance the status of non-motorized transportation in the park, weaken the dominant position of mobile transportation in the park, emphasize the overall balance within the park, improve the service efficiency of the static transportation system, improve the layout of the entrance and exit functions, and provide realistic conditions for realizing the micro-balance of the overall transportation system, so as to guide the long-term development of green recreation. Combined with the traffic characteristics and leisure needs of the park, the moderate introduction of leisure traffic functions such as jogging tracks, walking walkways and bicycle lanes is conducive to strengthening the leisure characteristics of urban parks while making full use of road resources.Finally, the spatial adjustment of motorized traffic is demonstrated by the example of Xi 'an Qujiang Pool Park, where the frequency and efficiency of motorized traffic are greatly reduced. 1)Through the recognition of the current situation of Qujiang Park traffic space, this paper analyzes the dilemma of re-organizing its traffic space under the background of zero traffic: The supply and demand status of the original dynamic transportation system was broken, and each traffic path directly faced the dilemma of imbalance of road rights; The structure of the park's traffic demand changes, affecting the role of the throat in the entrance and exit of Qujiangchi Ruins Park. Parking configuration with misplaced supply and demand directly leads to inefficient parking service in the park. 2)From the multi-optimization of dynamic transportation system and the improvement of supporting transportation system, the adjustment of traffic space organization under the background of zeroing of motorized traffic.It should fully tap the potential functions of vacant roads, combine the types of residents' activities, and plan the slow runways and bicycle lanes that conform to the slow life of the city; It should fully understand the traffic demand in the region, and focus on the various traffic flow paths to achieve the micro-balance of the transportation system in key functional areas. Based on the characteristics of Baidu thermal map index in the park, based on crowd activities and jogging habits, it should improve the cross-section design of traffic conflict points; Considering the traffic congestion and hedging needs of the peak festival people during the peak period, it should plan and integrate the distribution function of the square to systematically comb the entrance and exit system. It should optimize the rational allocation of static traffic facilities in the park by combining centralized parking at the entrance and exit with a certain capacity parking setting in the main functional area. Considering Qujiang Park as an important place for emergency rescue of urban civil air defense and disaster prevention, it is proposed that the traffic support function of the park should be equipped with a three-level emergency evacuation access system and emergency rescue facilities corresponding to important traffic node configurations.
引文
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[11]张颖,刘晖.遗址景观的完整性与动态性相结合的保护模式研究——以西安4个汉唐园林遗址景观资源为例[J].中国园林,2016, 32(2):58-61.ZHANG Y, LIU H. Research on the Protection Mode of Complete and Dynamic Combination of the Ruins Landscape—Taking the Landscape Resources Four Han and Tang Ruins in Xi'an as the Example[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2016, 32(2):58-61.
[12]丁洪建,贺剑.国家登山健身步道线路规划研究——以顺义五彩浅山国家登山健身步道规划为例[J].城市发展研究,2015, 22(01):45-50.DING H J, HE J. Probe into the WayPlanning of National Trails System:A Case Study of Colorful Hills of Shunyi,in Beijing[J]. Urban Development Studies,2015, 22(01):45-50.
[13]曹晓奎,裴玉龙,李龙,等.停车场出入口布置相关问题研究[J].城市交通,2010,8(2):61-65.CAO X K, FEI Y L, LI L, et al. A Study on Parking Entrance/Exit Layout Design[J]. Urban Transport of China,2010, 8(2):61-65.
[14]刘骏.巴黎贝西公园营建的启示与反思[J].西部人居环境学刊,2017, 32(5):90-95.LIU J. Inspiration and Reflection on the Construction of Bercy Park in Paris[J].Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2017, 32(5):90-95
[15]沈清基.论基于生态文明的新型城镇化[J].城市规划学刊,2013(1):29-36.SHEN Q J. Study on New Urbanization Based on Ecological Civilization[J].Urban Planning Forum, 2013(1):29-36.
[2]杨琦佳,任稚娟.利用财政税收政策控制交通污染[J].城市交通,2014(2):59-61.YANG Q J, REN Y J. Traffic Pollution Control with Fiscal Policies[J]. Urban Transport of China, 2014(2):59-61.
[3]李飞,张峰.居住区“多元化生态交通”的低碳化规划方法[J].规划师,2015, 31(8):81-86.LI F, ZHANG F. Low Carbon Planning Of Multiple Eco-transportation In Neighborhoods[J]. Planners, 2015, 31(8):81-86.
[4]杨春燕,彭益旻.生态与人文价值视角下的成都温江绿道体系规划研究[J].西部人居环境学刊,2016, 31(1):110-114.YANG C Y, PENG Y M. Research on the Greenway System Planning in the Ecological and Humanistic Value Perspective of Wenjiang, Chengdu City[J]. Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2016, 31(1):110-114.
[5]吴左宾,李虹,张雯,等.城市双修视野下乌兰浩特老城区街道体系优化策略[J].规划师,2018, 34(5):53-59.WU Z B, LI H, ZHANG W, et al. Street System Improvement Of Old District,Ulanhot In Urban Repair View[J].Planners, 2018, 34(5):53-59.
[6]卓健.历史文化街区保护中的交通安宁化[J].城市规划学刊,2014(4):71-79.ZHUO J. Traffic Calming in Historic District Conservation[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2014(4):71-79
[7]卓健,吴卓烨,徐逸菁.路权共享导向的开放街区规划设计策略[J].规划师,2017,33(7):19-25.ZHUO J, WU Z Y, XU Y Q. Road Sharing Oriented Open Block Planning And Design[J]. Planners, 2017, 33(7):19-25.
[8]欧阳慧.基于碳减排视角的国家试点低碳城(镇)发展路径[J].城市发展研究,2016,23(6):15-20.OUYANG H. Research on the Development Path of National Pilot Low-Carbon City(town)Based on the Perspective of Carbon Emission Reduction[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2016, 23(6):15-20.
[9]戴继峰,周乐.精细化的交通规划与设计技术体系研究与实践[J].城市规划,2014,38(S2):136-142.DAI J F, ZHOU L. Research on Technical System of Refined Transport Planning and Design Its Practice[J].City Planning Review, 2014, 38(S2):136-142.
[10]许正文.论曲江池的兴衰[J].唐都学刊,2002, 18(3):36-38.XU Z W. Rise and Fall of Qujiang Pool[J].Tangdu Journal, 2002, 18(3):36-38.
[11]张颖,刘晖.遗址景观的完整性与动态性相结合的保护模式研究——以西安4个汉唐园林遗址景观资源为例[J].中国园林,2016, 32(2):58-61.ZHANG Y, LIU H. Research on the Protection Mode of Complete and Dynamic Combination of the Ruins Landscape—Taking the Landscape Resources Four Han and Tang Ruins in Xi'an as the Example[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2016, 32(2):58-61.
[12]丁洪建,贺剑.国家登山健身步道线路规划研究——以顺义五彩浅山国家登山健身步道规划为例[J].城市发展研究,2015, 22(01):45-50.DING H J, HE J. Probe into the WayPlanning of National Trails System:A Case Study of Colorful Hills of Shunyi,in Beijing[J]. Urban Development Studies,2015, 22(01):45-50.
[13]曹晓奎,裴玉龙,李龙,等.停车场出入口布置相关问题研究[J].城市交通,2010,8(2):61-65.CAO X K, FEI Y L, LI L, et al. A Study on Parking Entrance/Exit Layout Design[J]. Urban Transport of China,2010, 8(2):61-65.
[14]刘骏.巴黎贝西公园营建的启示与反思[J].西部人居环境学刊,2017, 32(5):90-95.LIU J. Inspiration and Reflection on the Construction of Bercy Park in Paris[J].Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2017, 32(5):90-95
[15]沈清基.论基于生态文明的新型城镇化[J].城市规划学刊,2013(1):29-36.SHEN Q J. Study on New Urbanization Based on Ecological Civilization[J].Urban Planning Forum, 2013(1):29-36.