基础地理信息库的小尺度城市地标提取
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摘要
针对城市地标特征难以量化,且缺乏基于基础地理信息库的地标层快速提取方法的问题,该文从空间知识表达和公众空间认知规律的角度,对多尺度城市地标做出了明确定义;并提出了基于基础地理信息数据库的小尺度城市地标自动提取模式。通过计算签到次数和局部可达性两个指标的加权显著度,辅以热点分析来进行筛选,按照所需提取数量设置阈值,从POI中提取地标要素集合。实验结果与人工提取地标层对比证明,地标自动提取结果能较好地反映实际情况。
According to the fact that it's difficult to assess the salience of urban landmarks and there lacks a rapid method for extracting urban landmarks from basic geographic information database,this paper presented a clear and systematic definition for multi-scale urban landmarks,together with a smallscale urban landmarks extraction model,from the aspect of spatial knowledge representation and public spatial cognition rules.In the small-scale urban landmarks extraction model,salience was expressed by two weighted parameters:check-in numbers and local accessibility.A hotspot analysis was performed as a filter and extraction threshold was set according to predestinate number of landmarks to be extracted.By comparing with landmarks extracted manually,experiment showed that extraction results could reflect the real situation better.
According to the fact that it's difficult to assess the salience of urban landmarks and there lacks a rapid method for extracting urban landmarks from basic geographic information database,this paper presented a clear and systematic definition for multi-scale urban landmarks,together with a smallscale urban landmarks extraction model,from the aspect of spatial knowledge representation and public spatial cognition rules.In the small-scale urban landmarks extraction model,salience was expressed by two weighted parameters:check-in numbers and local accessibility.A hotspot analysis was performed as a filter and extraction threshold was set according to predestinate number of landmarks to be extracted.By comparing with landmarks extracted manually,experiment showed that extraction results could reflect the real situation better.
引文
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[14]郭会,宋关福,马柳青,等.地理编码系统设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2009,35(1):250-252.(GUO Hui,SONG Guanfu,MA Liuqing,et al.Design and implementation of address geocoding system[J].Computer Engineering,2009,35(1):250-252.)
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[17]李霖,毛凯,谭永滨.地标分层多粒度路径导引描述方法[J].测绘学报,2014,43(1):105-110.(LI Lin,MAO Kai,TAN Yongbin.Hierarchy landmarks multi-granularity description method for route guidance[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(1):105-110.)
[18]应申,李霖,高玉荣,等.LBS中多尺度空间方位的自然语言描述[J].地理信息世界,2008(1):28-33.(YING Shen,LI Lin,GAO Yurong,et al.Natural language descriprion of multi-scale spatial orientation in LBS[J].Geomatics World,2008(1):28-33.)
[19]龚咏喜,刘瑜,邬伦,等.基于带权Voronoi图与地标的空间位置描述[J].地理与地理信息科学,2010,26(4):21-26.(GONG Yongxi,LIU Yu,WU Lun,et al.Locality description based on multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram and landmarks[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2010,26(4):21-26.)
[20]MONTELLO DANIEL R.Scale and multiple psychologies of space[C]∥European Conference on Spatial Information Theory.[S.l.]:[s.n.]1993:312-321.
[21]艾廷华.适宜空间认知结果表达的地图形式[J].遥感学报,2008,12(2):347-354.(AI Tinghua.Maps adaptable to represent spatial cognition[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,12(2):347-354.)
[22]王茂军,张学霞,霍婷婷.北京城市认知的空间关联模式:城市地名认知率的空间分析[J].地理学报,2009,64(10):1243-1254.(WANG Maojun,ZHANG Xuexia,HUO Tingting.Spatial correlation patterns of sites cognition rate in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(10):1243-1254.)
[23]MITCHEL A.The ESRI guide to GIS analysis,volume2:spatial measurements and statistics[M].Redlands:ESRI Press,1999:63-65.
[2]张星,李清泉,方志祥,等.顾及地标与道路分支的行人导航路径选择算法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2013,38(10):1239-1242.(ZHANG Xing,LI Qingquan,FANG Zhixiang,et al.Landmark and branch-based pedestrian route complexity and selection algorithm[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2013,38(10):1239-1242.)
[3]张星,李清泉,方志祥.面向行人导航的地标链生成方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2010,35(10):1240-1244.(ZHANG Xing,LI Qingquan,FANG Zhi-xiang.An approach of generating landmark chain for pedestrian navigation applications[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2010,35(10):1240-1244.)
[4]RAUBAL M,WINTER S.Enriching wayfinding instructions with local landmarks[C]∥Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Geographic Information Science,.London:[s.n.],2002:243-259.
[5]HAKEN H,PORTUGALI J.The face of the city is its information[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2003,23(4):385-408.
[6]CLEMENS N,WINTER S,RAUBAL M.Selection of salient features for route directions[J].Spatial Cognition&Computation,2004,4(2):113-136.
[7]KLIPPEL A,WINTER S.Structural salience of landmarks for route directions[C]∥International Conference on Spatial Information Theory.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2005:347-362.
[8]CADUFF D,TIMPF S.On the assessment of landmark salience for human navigation[J].Cognitive Processing,2008,9(4):249-267.
[9]WINTER S,TOMKO M,ELIAS B,et al.Landmark hierarchies in context[J].Environment and Planning B Planning and Design,2008,35(3):381-398.
[10]TOMKO M,WINTER S.Pragmatic construction of destination descriptions for urban environments[J].Spatial Cognition&Computation,2009,9(1):1-29.
[11]ELIAS B.Extracting landmarks with data mining methods[C]∥International Conference on Spatial Information Theory Berlin.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2003:375-389.
[12]王明,胡庆武,李清泉,等.基于位置签到数据的城市分层地标提取[J].计算机学报,2016,9(2):405-413.(WANG Ming,HU Qingwu,LI Qingquan,et al.Extracting hierarchical landmark from check-in data[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2016,39(2):405-413.)
[13]胡庆武,王明,李清泉.利用位置签到数据探索城市热点与商圈[J].测绘学报,2014,43(3):314-321.(HU Qingwu,WANG Ming,LI Qingquan.Urban hotspot and commercial area exploration with check-in data[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(3):314-321.)
[14]郭会,宋关福,马柳青,等.地理编码系统设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2009,35(1):250-252.(GUO Hui,SONG Guanfu,MA Liuqing,et al.Design and implementation of address geocoding system[J].Computer Engineering,2009,35(1):250-252.)
[15]高勇,张晶,张毅,等.一种基于地标的线性参照方法[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(1):109-114.(GAO Yong,ZHANG Jing,ZHANG Yi,et al.A landmark-based linear referencing method[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2010,46(1):109-114.)
[16]赵卫锋,李清泉,李必军.利用城市POI数据提取分层地标[J].遥感学报,2011,15(5):973-988.(ZHAO Weifeng,LI Qingquan,LI Bijun.Extracting hierarchical landmarks from urban POI data[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2011,15(5):973-988.)
[17]李霖,毛凯,谭永滨.地标分层多粒度路径导引描述方法[J].测绘学报,2014,43(1):105-110.(LI Lin,MAO Kai,TAN Yongbin.Hierarchy landmarks multi-granularity description method for route guidance[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(1):105-110.)
[18]应申,李霖,高玉荣,等.LBS中多尺度空间方位的自然语言描述[J].地理信息世界,2008(1):28-33.(YING Shen,LI Lin,GAO Yurong,et al.Natural language descriprion of multi-scale spatial orientation in LBS[J].Geomatics World,2008(1):28-33.)
[19]龚咏喜,刘瑜,邬伦,等.基于带权Voronoi图与地标的空间位置描述[J].地理与地理信息科学,2010,26(4):21-26.(GONG Yongxi,LIU Yu,WU Lun,et al.Locality description based on multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram and landmarks[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2010,26(4):21-26.)
[20]MONTELLO DANIEL R.Scale and multiple psychologies of space[C]∥European Conference on Spatial Information Theory.[S.l.]:[s.n.]1993:312-321.
[21]艾廷华.适宜空间认知结果表达的地图形式[J].遥感学报,2008,12(2):347-354.(AI Tinghua.Maps adaptable to represent spatial cognition[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2008,12(2):347-354.)
[22]王茂军,张学霞,霍婷婷.北京城市认知的空间关联模式:城市地名认知率的空间分析[J].地理学报,2009,64(10):1243-1254.(WANG Maojun,ZHANG Xuexia,HUO Tingting.Spatial correlation patterns of sites cognition rate in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(10):1243-1254.)
[23]MITCHEL A.The ESRI guide to GIS analysis,volume2:spatial measurements and statistics[M].Redlands:ESRI Press,1999:63-65.