基于GPS-RTK和加速度计的桥梁动态变形监测试验
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摘要
采用全球定位系统实时动态监测技术GPS-RTK(Real-Time Kinematic)和加速度计对天津富民桥进行现场动态变形监测试验。将RTK接收机的采样频率进行内部升级,由1 Hz调至20 Hz,并设计RTK和加速度计联合监测装置。为削弱RTK监测数据中的多路径误差和随机噪声影响,提出一种基于自相关函数的总体经验模态(EEMD)滤波和切比雪夫滤波相结合的混合型滤波器,称为AFEC(Autocorrelation Function based EEMD and Chebyshev)混合滤波,对RTK采集得到的数据进行滤波处理,识别出桥梁的动态位移,并与加速度数据求积分得到的位移序列进行对比,结果基本吻合,说明AFEC滤波器可以有效地削弱RTK监测数据中的多路径误差和随机噪声。
The real-time dynamic monitoring technology of the global positioning system GPS-RTK(Real-Time Kinematic) and accelerometers were used to monitor the dynamic deformation of Fumin Bridge in Tianjin. The sampling frequency of the RTK receiver was internally upgraded from 1 Hz to 20 Hz. A joint monitoring device of RTK and an accelerometer was designed. In order to reduce the influence of multipath errors and random noise in RTK monitoring data, the AFEC hybrid filter(Autocorrelation Function based EEMD and Chebyshev) which was a combination of an autocorrelation function-based ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD) filter and a Chebyshev filter was proposed. By filtering the data collected by RTK, the dynamic displacement of the bridge can be identified and compared with the displacement sequence obtained by integrating the acceleration data, and the results were basically consistent. It was shown that the AFEC filter can effectively weaken the multipath error and random noise in the RTK monitoring data.
The real-time dynamic monitoring technology of the global positioning system GPS-RTK(Real-Time Kinematic) and accelerometers were used to monitor the dynamic deformation of Fumin Bridge in Tianjin. The sampling frequency of the RTK receiver was internally upgraded from 1 Hz to 20 Hz. A joint monitoring device of RTK and an accelerometer was designed. In order to reduce the influence of multipath errors and random noise in RTK monitoring data, the AFEC hybrid filter(Autocorrelation Function based EEMD and Chebyshev) which was a combination of an autocorrelation function-based ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD) filter and a Chebyshev filter was proposed. By filtering the data collected by RTK, the dynamic displacement of the bridge can be identified and compared with the displacement sequence obtained by integrating the acceleration data, and the results were basically consistent. It was shown that the AFEC filter can effectively weaken the multipath error and random noise in the RTK monitoring data.
引文
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[2] 刘亢,刘均利,余文成.2007～ 2015年洪水导致垮塌桥梁的统计分析[J].城市道桥与防洪,2017 (1):90-92.LIU Kang,LIU Junli,YU Wencheng.Statistical analysis of flood-induced collapse bridges from 2007 to 2015 [J].Urban Roads Bridges & Flood Control,2017 (1):90-92.
[3] MOSCHAS F,STIROS S C.Three-dimensional dynamic deflections and natural frequencies of a stiff footbridge based on measurements of collocated sensors [J].Structural Control and Health Monitoring,2014,21(1):23-42.
[4] 贺志勇,吕中荣,陈伟欢,等.基于GPS的高耸结构动态特性监测[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(4):14-17.HE Zhiyong,Lü Zhongrong,CHEN Weihuan,et al.GPS-based monitoring of dynamic behavior of towering structures [J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28 (4):14-17.
[5] 陈军.变形监测中 GPS 技术的应用及发展方向研究[J].世界有色金属,2017,17:36-37.CHEN Jun.Application of GPS technology in deformation monitoring and its development direction [J].World Nonferrous Metal,2017,17:36-37.
[6] 余加勇,邵旭东,晏班夫,等.基于全球导航卫星系统的桥梁健康监测方法研究进展[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(4):30-41.YU Jiayong,SHAO Xudong,YAN Banfu,et al.Research progress on bridge health monitoring based on global navigation satellite system [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29 (4):30-41.
[7] 熊春宝,田力耘,叶作安,等.GNSS RTK 技术下超高层结构的动态变形监测[J].测绘通报,2015(7):14-17.XIONG Chunbao,TIAN Liyun,YE Zuoan,et al.Dynamic deformation monitoring of super high-rise structures under GNSS RTK technology [J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2015(7):14-17.
[8] 乔燕,孙传智,缪长青.基于 GPS 的大跨悬索桥动态特性监测及分析[J].测绘通报,2012(3):1-4.QIAO Yan,SUN Chuanzhi,MIAO Changqing.Dynamic monitoring and analysis of long-span suspension bridge based on GPS [J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2012(3):1-4.
[9] 熊春宝,何浩博,牛彦波,等.基于 GNSS-RTK 的在建超高层风载动态变形监测[J].测绘工程,2017(5):34-39.XIONG Chunbao,HE Haobo,NIU Yanbo,et al.Dynamic deformation monitoring of super-tall under construction based on GNSS-RTK under wind loads [J].Engineering of Surveying and Mapping,2017(5):34-39.
[10] 余加勇.基于 GNSS 和 RTS 技术的桥梁结构健康监测[J].测绘学报,2015,44(10):1177.YU Jiayong.Bridge structural health monitoring based on GNSS and RTS technology [J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44 (10):1177.
[11] 许昌,岳东杰.基于RTK-GPS技术的高索塔振动试验与分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29 (3):134-136.XU Chang,YUE Dongjie.Vibration test and analysis of high-tower based on RTK-GPS technology [J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29 (3):134-136.
[12] YI T H,LI H N,SONG G,et al.Detection of shifts in GPS measurements for a long-Span bridge using CUSUM Chart[J].International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics,2016,16(4):1640024.
[13] LI H,DONG S,EL-TAWIL S,et al.Relative displacement sensing techniques for postevent structural damage assessment review [J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2013,139(9):1421-1434.
[14] STIROS S C.Errors in velocities and displacements deduced from accelerographs:an approach based on the theory of error propagation [J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2008,28(5):415-420.
[15] ZHANG J,YAN R,GAO R X,et al.Performance enhancement of ensemble empirical mode decomposition[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2010,24(7):2104-2123.
[16] 王婷.EMD算法研究及其在信号去噪中的应用[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2010.