煤炭资源型城市地质环境的脆弱性与适应力研究——以淮北市为例
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摘要
快速工业化下的高强度持续资源开发活动使得煤炭资源型城市地质环境更加脆弱,地质环境问题愈发突出。研究选择典型的煤炭资源型城市——淮北市为例,基于脆弱性与风险性、适应力之间的内在联系,构建耦合人类适应力的地质环境脆弱性评价指标体系,运用GIS技术,进行地质环境脆弱性评价。研究结果表明:(1)地质环境风险性与煤炭地层存储分布和山脉走向基本一致,淮北市地质环境风险性总体呈"条带状"分布,具有东西山脉带及城内塌陷带风险性高、南北平原带风险性低的空间特征;(2)适应力与城市基础、公共服务设施密集分布在城内高度相关,淮北市地质环境适应力总体呈"团块状"分布,具有由内到外逐渐降低的空间特征;(3)除煤炭据点开发形成的城内塌陷带高脆弱区,地质环境脆弱性空间分布总体呈现"内低外高"空间特征,与适应力的空间分布呈显著负相关;(4)建成区与规划区地质环境脆弱性以微度、轻度脆弱为主,少部分高脆弱区域分布在河流沿岸、塌陷带与山体周边。研究结果有助于推动煤炭资源型城市地质环境脆弱性研究的发展,并且为煤炭资源型城市调整土地用途、加固地层稳定度、调整城市开发边界、提升城市的综合承载力等提供决策参考。
High strength and sustainable resources exploitation under the rapid industrialization make geo-environment of coal resource cities more vulnerable,geo-environment problems are more serious. In this study,taking Huaibei city which represents the coal resource city in China as an example,according to the intrinsic link among vulnerability,risk and adaptability,this paper evaluated the vulnerability of geo-environment by building the evaluation index system of geo-environment vulnerability with coupled adaptability and using the geographical technologies. The results show that:(1)geo-environment risk is consistent with coal formation distribution and mountains direction,geo-environment risk in Huaibei city present "stripped"distribution and spatial structure of eastern and western mountains with high risk and southern and northern plains with low risk;(2)adaptability highly is related to urban infrastructure and public service facilities concentrated in the internal city,geo-environment adaptability in Huaibei city present "crumby"distribution and spatial structure of gradually reduced from inside to outside;(3)except high vulnerability of subsidence area inside the city that formed with the coal exploitation,geo-environment vulnerability present "inner lower and outer higher "spatial structure,this structure is significantly correlated with the distribution of adaptability,high adaptability can effectively reduce geo-environment vulnerability and low adaptability can remarkably increase geo-environment vulnerability;(4)geo-environment vulnerability in built area and planning area is mainly to slight and light vulnerability,a small part of the high vulnerability area is distributed along the river,the collapse zone and the surrounding area of the mountain. The research results contribute to promote the study development of geo-environment vulnerability of coal resource cities,and provide decisionmaking reference for land use adjustment,formation stability strengthen,urban development boundary adjustment and city's comprehensive carrying capacity promotion.
High strength and sustainable resources exploitation under the rapid industrialization make geo-environment of coal resource cities more vulnerable,geo-environment problems are more serious. In this study,taking Huaibei city which represents the coal resource city in China as an example,according to the intrinsic link among vulnerability,risk and adaptability,this paper evaluated the vulnerability of geo-environment by building the evaluation index system of geo-environment vulnerability with coupled adaptability and using the geographical technologies. The results show that:(1)geo-environment risk is consistent with coal formation distribution and mountains direction,geo-environment risk in Huaibei city present "stripped"distribution and spatial structure of eastern and western mountains with high risk and southern and northern plains with low risk;(2)adaptability highly is related to urban infrastructure and public service facilities concentrated in the internal city,geo-environment adaptability in Huaibei city present "crumby"distribution and spatial structure of gradually reduced from inside to outside;(3)except high vulnerability of subsidence area inside the city that formed with the coal exploitation,geo-environment vulnerability present "inner lower and outer higher "spatial structure,this structure is significantly correlated with the distribution of adaptability,high adaptability can effectively reduce geo-environment vulnerability and low adaptability can remarkably increase geo-environment vulnerability;(4)geo-environment vulnerability in built area and planning area is mainly to slight and light vulnerability,a small part of the high vulnerability area is distributed along the river,the collapse zone and the surrounding area of the mountain. The research results contribute to promote the study development of geo-environment vulnerability of coal resource cities,and provide decisionmaking reference for land use adjustment,formation stability strengthen,urban development boundary adjustment and city's comprehensive carrying capacity promotion.
引文
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[13]谢盼,王仰麟,彭建,等.基于居民健康的城市高温热浪灾害脆弱性评价:研究进展与框架[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(2):165-174.
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[20]税伟,白剑平,简小枚.若尔盖高原沙化草地治理区固碳能力研究[J].自然灾害学报,2016,25(6):42-50.
[21]石勇,许世远,石纯,等.自然灾害脆弱性研究进展[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(2):131-137.
[22]田亚平,向清成,王鹏.区域人地耦合系统脆弱性及其评价指标体系[J].地理研究,2013,32(1):55-63.
[23]方创琳,王岩.中国城市脆弱性的综合测度与空间分异特征[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):234-247.
[24]孙平军,修春亮.基于PSE模型的矿业城市经济发展脆弱性研究[J].地理研究,2011,30(2):301-310.
[25]孙平军,修春亮,王忠芝.基于PSE模型的矿业城市生态脆弱性的变化研究:以辽宁阜新为例[J].经济地理,2010,30(8):1354-1359.
[26]Metzger M J,Leemans R,Schroter D.A multidisciplinary multiscale framework for assessing vulnerabilities to global change[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2005,7(1):253-267.
[27]Cutter S L,Mitchell J T,Scott M S.Revealing the vulnerability of people and places:a case study of Georgetown County,South Carolina[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2000,90(4):713-737.
[28]许世远,王军,石纯,等.沿海城市自然灾害风险研究[J].地理学报,2006,61(2):130-132.
[29]刘春霞,李月臣,杨华,等.三峡库区重庆段生态与环境敏感性综合评价[J].地理学报,2011,66(5):631-642.
[30]陈曦炜,裴志远,王飞.基于GIS的贫困地区降雨诱发型地质灾害风险评估:以湖北省恩施州为例[J].地球信息科学学报,2016,18(3):344-352.
[31]周冠华,庄伟,陈云浩,等.基于遥感与GIS的滑坡灾害风险区域评估方法:以江西省广昌县为例[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(6):69-72.
[32]宋永永,米文宝,仲俊涛,等.宁夏限制开发生态区人地耦合系统脆弱性空间分异及影响因素[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(11):85-91.
[33]李永化,范强,王雪,等.基于SRP模型的自然灾害多发区生态脆弱性时空分异研究:以辽宁省朝阳县为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(11):1452-1458.
[34]王文娟,张树文,李颖,等.基于GIS和USLE的三江平原土壤侵蚀定量评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(9):112-117.
[35]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[36]刘正佳,于兴修,李蕾,等.基于SRP概念模型的沂蒙山区生态环境脆弱性评价[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(8):2084-2090.
[37]苏飞,张平宇,李鹤.中国煤矿城市经济系统脆弱性评价[J].地理研究,2008,27(4):909-914.
[2]张文举,刘嗣明,郑永丹.国内资源型城市经济转型文献综述[J].资源与产业,2015,17(3):22-26.
[3]张丽君.基于GIS多准则空间分析(SMCE)的青海省矿产资源开发地质环境脆弱性评价[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):518-522.
[4]杜晓燕,黄岁.天津地区农业旱灾脆弱性综合评价及区划研究[J].自然灾害学报,2010,19(5):138-145.
[5]帅红,刘春平,王慧彦.洞庭湖区农户洪涝灾害脆弱性评价[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(3):37-42.
[6]李鹤,张平宇,程叶青.脆弱性的概念及其评价方法[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(2):18-23.
[7]IPCC.Impacts,Adaptation and Vulnerability,Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007,38(8):106-112.
[8]徐君,李贵芳,王育红.国内外资源型城市脆弱性研究综述与展望[J].资源科学,2015,37(6):1266-1278.
[9]徐广才,康慕谊,贺丽娜,等.生态脆弱性及其研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2578-2588.
[10]Martensa P,Mc Evoya D,Chang C.The climate change challenge:linking vulnerability,adaptation and mitigation[J].Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2009,1(1):14-18.
[11]郝璐,王静爱,史培军,等.草地畜牧业雪灾脆弱性评价:以内蒙古牧区为例[J].自然灾害学报,2003,11(2):51-56.
[12]李鹤,张平宇.全球变化背景下脆弱性研究进展与应用展望[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(7):920-929.
[13]谢盼,王仰麟,彭建,等.基于居民健康的城市高温热浪灾害脆弱性评价:研究进展与框架[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(2):165-174.
[14]孙庆先,贾新果.矿区地质环境脆弱性评价[J].中国煤炭,2011,37(2):44-47.
[15]李树旺.淮北城市地质环境[J].安徽地质,2015,25(3):227-233.
[16]Tunner II B L,Kasperson R E,Matson P A,et al.A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2003,100(14):8074-8079.
[17]Adger W N.Vulnerability[J].Global Environmental Change,2006,16(3):268-281.
[18]Concepts R.Climate change 2001:impacts,adaptation,and vulnerability[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2014.
[19]Cutter S L.Living with risk:The geography of technological hazards[M].London:Edward Arnold,1993.
[20]税伟,白剑平,简小枚.若尔盖高原沙化草地治理区固碳能力研究[J].自然灾害学报,2016,25(6):42-50.
[21]石勇,许世远,石纯,等.自然灾害脆弱性研究进展[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(2):131-137.
[22]田亚平,向清成,王鹏.区域人地耦合系统脆弱性及其评价指标体系[J].地理研究,2013,32(1):55-63.
[23]方创琳,王岩.中国城市脆弱性的综合测度与空间分异特征[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):234-247.
[24]孙平军,修春亮.基于PSE模型的矿业城市经济发展脆弱性研究[J].地理研究,2011,30(2):301-310.
[25]孙平军,修春亮,王忠芝.基于PSE模型的矿业城市生态脆弱性的变化研究:以辽宁阜新为例[J].经济地理,2010,30(8):1354-1359.
[26]Metzger M J,Leemans R,Schroter D.A multidisciplinary multiscale framework for assessing vulnerabilities to global change[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2005,7(1):253-267.
[27]Cutter S L,Mitchell J T,Scott M S.Revealing the vulnerability of people and places:a case study of Georgetown County,South Carolina[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,2000,90(4):713-737.
[28]许世远,王军,石纯,等.沿海城市自然灾害风险研究[J].地理学报,2006,61(2):130-132.
[29]刘春霞,李月臣,杨华,等.三峡库区重庆段生态与环境敏感性综合评价[J].地理学报,2011,66(5):631-642.
[30]陈曦炜,裴志远,王飞.基于GIS的贫困地区降雨诱发型地质灾害风险评估:以湖北省恩施州为例[J].地球信息科学学报,2016,18(3):344-352.
[31]周冠华,庄伟,陈云浩,等.基于遥感与GIS的滑坡灾害风险区域评估方法:以江西省广昌县为例[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(6):69-72.
[32]宋永永,米文宝,仲俊涛,等.宁夏限制开发生态区人地耦合系统脆弱性空间分异及影响因素[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(11):85-91.
[33]李永化,范强,王雪,等.基于SRP模型的自然灾害多发区生态脆弱性时空分异研究:以辽宁省朝阳县为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(11):1452-1458.
[34]王文娟,张树文,李颖,等.基于GIS和USLE的三江平原土壤侵蚀定量评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(9):112-117.
[35]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[36]刘正佳,于兴修,李蕾,等.基于SRP概念模型的沂蒙山区生态环境脆弱性评价[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(8):2084-2090.
[37]苏飞,张平宇,李鹤.中国煤矿城市经济系统脆弱性评价[J].地理研究,2008,27(4):909-914.