绿道对高密度城市微气候的影响研究
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摘要
选择深圳城市建筑密集区5条绿道,对其夏季日间微气候特征进行了定量研究,如空气温度、相对湿度、光照强度和风速等。用温湿指数和风效指数作为评价指标,比较了不同绿化条件下的绿道微气候对人体舒适度影响。结果表明:在夏季高温天气里,绿道可显著降低空气温度和光照强度,提高相对湿度;与对照点相比,绿道日均空气温度降低0.9～2.4℃;日均相对湿度增加3.8%～14.4%;日均光照强度降低1.7～3.4×10~4Ix;日均风速降低0.9～1.8m/s。绿道的日均温湿指数降低0.7～0.9;日均风效指数降低37.0～60.9。绿道明显增加了人体舒适度,有明显的改善城市微气候的作用,且绿化条件越好的绿道改善微气候越显著。
Studied on the microclimate characteristics of 5 green roads, such as air temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, wind speed and so on during the summer day in Shenzhen City. Using temperature and humidity index and wind effect index as evaluation indexes, compared the influences of microclimate of the green roads on human comfort under different greening conditions. The results showed: in summer of high temperature weather, the green roads can significantly reduce the air temperature and light intensity, improve the relative humidity. Compared with the control point,the average daily air temperature decreased by 0.9～2.4℃,the average daily relative humidity increased by 3.8%～14.4%;daily average light intensity decreased by 1.7～3.4/10~4 Ix; daily average wind speed decreased by 0.9～1.8 m/s. The average daily temperature and humidity index of the green roads was decreased by 0.7～0.9, and the daily average wind efficiency index was reduced by 37 to 60.9. Green road can significantly increase the comfort of the human body. It has a significant improvement in the role of urban microclimate. And there are better significant effects in the better conditions of the green road.
Studied on the microclimate characteristics of 5 green roads, such as air temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, wind speed and so on during the summer day in Shenzhen City. Using temperature and humidity index and wind effect index as evaluation indexes, compared the influences of microclimate of the green roads on human comfort under different greening conditions. The results showed: in summer of high temperature weather, the green roads can significantly reduce the air temperature and light intensity, improve the relative humidity. Compared with the control point,the average daily air temperature decreased by 0.9～2.4℃,the average daily relative humidity increased by 3.8%～14.4%;daily average light intensity decreased by 1.7～3.4/10~4 Ix; daily average wind speed decreased by 0.9～1.8 m/s. The average daily temperature and humidity index of the green roads was decreased by 0.7～0.9, and the daily average wind efficiency index was reduced by 37 to 60.9. Green road can significantly increase the comfort of the human body. It has a significant improvement in the role of urban microclimate. And there are better significant effects in the better conditions of the green road.
引文
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[2]王婕.广东社区绿道建设启示——以深圳福荣绿道为例[J].中国园林,2014.5:97-101.
[3]吴瑾,孙斌等.演替视角下深圳近自然社区绿道植物配置实践分析[J].生态环境学报,2015, 24(9):1461-1465.
[4] SHASHUA-BAR L,HOFFMAN M E. Vegetation as a climatic component in the design of an urban street:an empirical model for predicting the cooling effect of urban green areas with trees[J]. Energy and Buildings,2000,31(3):221-235.
[5]齐璐.园林小气候设计理论基础研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2013.
[6] GOMEZ-MUNOZ V M,PORTA-GANDARA M A, FERNANDEZ J L.Effect of tree shades in urban planning in hot-arid climatic regions[J].Landscape and Urban Planning, 2010, 94(3):149—157.
[7]曾煜朗,董靓.步行街道夏季微气候研究——以成都宽窄巷子为例[J].中国园林,2014, 8(1):92-96,
[8]林涛,冒亚龙.基于气候要素的建筑节能设计[J].城市发展研究,2014.02:54-59.
[9]中国气象局.中国(1971-2000年)气候标准值[EB/OL].[2010-12-08].http://cdc.Cma.gov.cn/shishi/climate.jsp?stprovid=%B1%B1%BE%A9.
[10]晏海,王雪,董丽.华北树木群落夏季微气候特征及其对人体舒适度的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2012年9月:57-63.
[11]范;业正,郭来喜.中国海滨旅游地气候适宜性评价[J].自然资源学报, 998,13(4):304-31.[FAN Ye-zheng, GUO Lai-xi. The climate suitability of tourism at the coastline destinations of China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 1998,13(4):304-311.
[12]夏廉博,人类生物气象学[M].北京:气象出版社,1986.[XIA Lianbo, Human Biometeorology[M]. Beijing:Meteorology Press,1986.].
[13]刘清春,王铮,许世远.中国城市旅游气候舒适性分析[J].资源科学, 2007,29(1):133-141.[LIU Qing-chun, WANG Zheng,XU Shi-yuan. Climate suitability index for city tourism in China[J].Resources Science, 2007,29(1):133-141.
[14] GB/T 27963-2011,人居环境气候舒适度评价[S].
[15]李成.绿化对多层居住区室外热环境影响的研究——以上海市为例[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2009.
[16] Cohen P. Potchter O. Matzarakis A. Daily and seasonal climatic conditions of green urban open spaces in the Mediterranean climate and their impact on human comfort[J]. Building and Environment,2012, 51:285-295.
[17] Yan H, Wang X, Hao P Y, et al. Study on the microclimatic characteristics and human comfort of park plant communities in summer[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2012,12:755-765.
[18] Lin T P, Matzarakis A, Hwang R L. Shading effect on longterm outdoor thermal comfort[J]. Building and Environment, 2010,45(1):213-221.
[19]李鹍,余庄.基于气候调节的城市通风道探析[J].自然资源学报,2006,21:991-998.