城市旅游综合体的生成因子判定与作用机制研究
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摘要
判识城市旅游综合体的生成因子并模拟其作用机制,是集约利用城市资源、判定城市大型旅游投资项目可行性的前提。从概念入手,构建了包含3个属性、29个指标的城市旅游综合体生成影响要素评价体系,在利用专家打分法对各因子重要性评价的基础上,采用因子分析法对城市旅游综合体的生成因子进行萃取。结果显示,按照重要性程度高低进行排序可以将这些因子归结为宏观经济水平、旅游产业水平、市场实力、行政效力、旅游资源本底等八个。文章认为,城市旅游综合体是一种特定的旅游人地关系地域系统,城市作为地理空间的属性特征和旅游作为产业形态的经济特征相互作用构成了其生成的动力机制,城市大型旅游项目投资需要从更加宏观的视角去评判其可行性。
It is the basis and prerequisite of the intensive use of urban resources and the feasibility determination of mega tourism investment projects in cities to identify the formation factors and simulate their mechanism for urban Tourism complex. Based on the importance evaluation of each partitioning indicator by using expert analytic method, the factor analysis method is used to extract the formation factors of urban tourism complex and their influencing intensity. The results show that the factors influencing the urban tourism complex formation can be attributed to 8 aspects sorted by order of their importance: Macroeconomic level, the development level of tourism industry, the strength of the tourism market, government administrative efficiency, the quality of tourism enterprise, the competitive of tourism resources, the public service ability of urban government, geographical location and convenient traffic conditions. It is the interactions between urban space and tourism industry constitute the generating mechanism of the urban tourism complex. Among them,not like other general tourism spots, whose generation always relies on their tourism resources, the generation and development of urban tourism complex more depend on the economic development level. That means even there are no more competitive resources in some economic cities, whose urban tourism complex projects would generate and development well supported by their economic level. Of courses, other conditions would also play some extent role in their generation. Finally, this article postulates that urban tourism complex is a special kind of man- land territorial system, the interactions between urban which as the attribute characteristic of geographical space and tourism which as the economic characteristics of the industrial form constitute the driving mechanism of the formation and development of urban tourism complex.
It is the basis and prerequisite of the intensive use of urban resources and the feasibility determination of mega tourism investment projects in cities to identify the formation factors and simulate their mechanism for urban Tourism complex. Based on the importance evaluation of each partitioning indicator by using expert analytic method, the factor analysis method is used to extract the formation factors of urban tourism complex and their influencing intensity. The results show that the factors influencing the urban tourism complex formation can be attributed to 8 aspects sorted by order of their importance: Macroeconomic level, the development level of tourism industry, the strength of the tourism market, government administrative efficiency, the quality of tourism enterprise, the competitive of tourism resources, the public service ability of urban government, geographical location and convenient traffic conditions. It is the interactions between urban space and tourism industry constitute the generating mechanism of the urban tourism complex. Among them,not like other general tourism spots, whose generation always relies on their tourism resources, the generation and development of urban tourism complex more depend on the economic development level. That means even there are no more competitive resources in some economic cities, whose urban tourism complex projects would generate and development well supported by their economic level. Of courses, other conditions would also play some extent role in their generation. Finally, this article postulates that urban tourism complex is a special kind of man- land territorial system, the interactions between urban which as the attribute characteristic of geographical space and tourism which as the economic characteristics of the industrial form constitute the driving mechanism of the formation and development of urban tourism complex.
引文
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[16]寻舸.湖南软实力与投资环境优化研究[J].湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2011,34(5):91-99.[Xun Ge.On hunan soft power and optimization of investment environment[J].Journal of Xiangtan University(Philosophy and Social Sciences),2011,34(5):91-99.]
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[18]吴传钧.论地理学的研究核心——人地关系地域系统[J].经济地理,1991,11(3):1-6.[Wu Chuanjun.Study on the research core of geography:The man-land territorial system[J].Economic Geography,1991,11(3):1-6.]
[19]陆大道.关于地理学的核心——“人地系统”理论研究[J].地理研究,2002,21(2):135-145.[Lu Dadao.Theoretical studies of manland system as the core of geographical science[J].Geographical Research,2002,21(2):135-145.]
[20]丁娟,焦华富,李俊峰.产业演进对旅游城市空间形态演变的作用机理——以黄山市为例[J].地理研究,2014,33(10):1966-1976.[Ding Juan,Jiao Huafu,Li Junfeng.Study on the mechanisms of evolution of urban industry on the evolvement of tourism urban spatial morphology:Taking Huangshan city as an example[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(10):1966-1976.]
[2]卞显红.旅游产业集群网络结构及其空间相互作用研究——以杭州国际旅游综合体为例[J].人文地理,2012,27(4):137-142.[Bian Xianhong.Analysis on the network structures and their spatial mutual function mechanisms of tourism industry cluster[J].Human Geography,2012,27(4):137-142.]
[3]李德明,朱生东.城市旅游综合体发展模式与对策研究[J].资源开发与市场,2012,28(12):1146-1148.[Li Deming,Zhu Shengdong.Study of development model and countermeasures of tourist complexes in city[J].Resource Development&Market,2012,28(12):1146-1148.]
[4]卞显红.基于自组织理论的旅游产业集群演化阶段与机制研究——以杭州国际旅游综合体为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(2):327-332.[Bian Xianhong.Industrial cluster based on the self-organization theory:Taking the example of international tourism integrated development districts in Hangzhou city[J].Economic Geography,2011,31(2):327-332.]
[5]马晓龙,李维维.城市旅游综合体:概念建构与理论来源[J].人文地理,2015,30(1):124-129.[Ma Xiao-long,Li Wei-wei.Urban tourism complex:Its concept construction and theoretical origin[J].Human Geography,2015,30(1):124-129.]
[6]曹芳东,黄震方,余凤龙,等.国家级风景名胜区旅游效率空间格局动态演化及其驱动机制[J].地理研究,2014,33(6):1151-1166.[Cao Fangdong,Huang Zhengfang,Yu Longfeng,et al.The spatial evolution of travel efficiency of China's national scenic areas and its driving mechanism[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(6):1151-1166.]
[7]保继刚.主题公园发展的影响因素系统分析[J].地理学报,1997,52(3):47-55.[Bao Jigang.A systematic analysis of the influential factors to theme park development[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1997,52(3):47-55.
[8]张永庆,张旭,马源春.旅游产业集群动力机制研究——基于产业价值链与空间价值链视角[J].技术经济与管理研究,2014,34(4):108-113.[Zhang Yongqing,Zhang Xu,Ma Yuanchun.The research on dynamic mechanism of tourism industry cluster:Based on industry value chain and space value chain[J].Technoeconomics&Management Research,2014,36(4):108-113.]
[9]王家庭,崔风玉.我国区域旅游业的经营效率测度及提升的实证研究[J].当代经济管理,2011,33(6):53-60.[Wang Jiating,Cui Fengyu.Empirical study on measuring and promoting operation efficiency of regional tourism in China[J].Technoeconomics&Management Research,2011,33(6):53-60.]
[10]冉群超.试论旅游项目选址的影响因素——以重庆市黔江区神龟峡旅游项目选址为例[J].重庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2002,19(1):74-87.[Ran Qunchao.On the influential factors in the sitechoosing of tourism projects[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2002,19(1):74-87.]
[11]黄震方,俞肇元,黄振林,等.主题型文化旅游区的阶段性演进及其驱动机制——以无锡灵山景区为例[J].地理学报,2011,66(6):831-841.[Huang Zhenfang,Yu Zhaoyuan,Huang Zhenlin,et al.Evolutionary stages and dynamic mechanisms of thematic cultural tourist areas:A case study of Lingshan scenic area in Wuxi[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(6):831-841.]
[12]洪银兴.关于市场决定资源配置和更好发挥政府作用的理论说明[J].经济理论与经济管理,2014,34(10):5-13.[Hong Yinxing.Theoretical study of allowing the market to play a decisive role in allocating resources and improving the government's role[J].Economic Theory and Business Management,2014,34(10):5-13.]
[13]洪银兴,周诚君.城市经营和城市政府的改革[J].管理世界,2003,18(8):57-62.[Hong Yinxing,Zhou Chengjun.Urban management and urban government reform[J].Management World,2003,18(8):57-62.]
[14]邓冰,俞曦,吴必虎.旅游产业的集聚及其影响因素初探.桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2004,15(6):53-57.[Deng Bing,Yu Xi,Wu Bihu.Tourism industry cluster and its influential factors[J].Tourism Forum,2004,15(6):53-57.]
[15]饶品样,李树民.旅游产业集群企业共享性资源及其动态演化机制分析[J].旅游科学,2009,23(3):11-16.[Rao Pinxiang,Li Shumin.Analysis of shared resources of tourism industry cluster enterprises and the dynamic evolutionary mechanism[J].Tourism Science,2009,23(3):11-16.]
[16]寻舸.湖南软实力与投资环境优化研究[J].湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2011,34(5):91-99.[Xun Ge.On hunan soft power and optimization of investment environment[J].Journal of Xiangtan University(Philosophy and Social Sciences),2011,34(5):91-99.]
[17]刘强.区位理论、区位因子与中国产业集群形成机理[J].河南社会科学,2008,16(1):64-66.[Liu Qiang.Location theory,location factors and the formation mechanism of Chinese industry cluster[J].Henan Social Sciences,2008,16(1):64-66.]
[18]吴传钧.论地理学的研究核心——人地关系地域系统[J].经济地理,1991,11(3):1-6.[Wu Chuanjun.Study on the research core of geography:The man-land territorial system[J].Economic Geography,1991,11(3):1-6.]
[19]陆大道.关于地理学的核心——“人地系统”理论研究[J].地理研究,2002,21(2):135-145.[Lu Dadao.Theoretical studies of manland system as the core of geographical science[J].Geographical Research,2002,21(2):135-145.]
[20]丁娟,焦华富,李俊峰.产业演进对旅游城市空间形态演变的作用机理——以黄山市为例[J].地理研究,2014,33(10):1966-1976.[Ding Juan,Jiao Huafu,Li Junfeng.Study on the mechanisms of evolution of urban industry on the evolvement of tourism urban spatial morphology:Taking Huangshan city as an example[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(10):1966-1976.]