照片、动画媒介在城市植物视觉景观评估中的替代效应研究
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摘要
植物视觉景观评估研究中,常以照片为媒介给评估者进行评价。随着数字影像技术的发展,动画模拟在众多领域得以应用。通过研究比较照片与动画媒介作为城市植物景观实景评估的替代效应差异。在城市中挑选5处能代表当地城市植物景观的实景样地构成实景组,同时制作实景照片与动画。选择384名当地高校本科生分为3组分别对城市植物景观的实景、照片和动画依照22个景观感知属性进行评估。以实景组的数据为参照,将照片组与动画组的数据分别与实景数据进行统计分析。在感知属性范畴内发现动画媒介对实景评估的替代效应在安全感、神秘性、层次感和新奇感方面具有明显优势,照片媒介在亮度、空间通透、自然度和植物覆盖度方面有较好的替代效应,动画和照片作为媒介在熟悉感、尺度感、植物种类和空间连续方面对实景评估的替代效应相当;在对城市植物视觉景观总体评估方面,动画相比照片的替代效应更好。该研究为今后植物景观感知领域研究方法的选择提供了参考。
In the research of plant visual landscape assessment, the photograph is usually used as a medium for the evaluation. With the development of digital image technology, animation simulation is applied in many fields. This paper studies the difference between the media of photograph and the animation as the substitution effect of city plant landscape assessment. The five outdoor scenes selected in the city that can be on behalf of the local urban plant landscape constitutes to an outdoor scene group, making the photograph and animation at the same time. 384 local undergraduate students were divided into three groups to evaluate urban plant landscape of the outdoor scenes, photographs and animations independently by 22 landscape perception attributions. The outdoor scenes group data was formed as a reference, and the photograph group and animation group data was statistically analyzed respectively with reference. The result shows that animation media has an obvious advantage on the substitution with safety, mystery, layering and novelty feeling. But the photograph has a better substitution effect on the brightness, space permeability, natural feeling, and plant coverage perception attribution. The animation and photograph as a medium has a similar substitution effect on the familiarity, scale, plant species, spatial continuity perception attribution. The animation has a better substitution effect on the overall assessment of the visual landscape of the city than the photograph. It provides a good reference for the further research of urban plant visual landscape perception.
In the research of plant visual landscape assessment, the photograph is usually used as a medium for the evaluation. With the development of digital image technology, animation simulation is applied in many fields. This paper studies the difference between the media of photograph and the animation as the substitution effect of city plant landscape assessment. The five outdoor scenes selected in the city that can be on behalf of the local urban plant landscape constitutes to an outdoor scene group, making the photograph and animation at the same time. 384 local undergraduate students were divided into three groups to evaluate urban plant landscape of the outdoor scenes, photographs and animations independently by 22 landscape perception attributions. The outdoor scenes group data was formed as a reference, and the photograph group and animation group data was statistically analyzed respectively with reference. The result shows that animation media has an obvious advantage on the substitution with safety, mystery, layering and novelty feeling. But the photograph has a better substitution effect on the brightness, space permeability, natural feeling, and plant coverage perception attribution. The animation and photograph as a medium has a similar substitution effect on the familiarity, scale, plant species, spatial continuity perception attribution. The animation has a better substitution effect on the overall assessment of the visual landscape of the city than the photograph. It provides a good reference for the further research of urban plant visual landscape perception.
引文
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[8]孙振帮.常绿树在东北城市绿化中的应用及景观评价[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2005.
[9]余醇.城市公园植物景观与游人感知的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.
[10]姚玉敏.绿化景观的视觉环境质量评价研究[D].南京:南京大学,2011.
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[13]Bjerke T,?stdahl T,Thrane C,et al.Vegetation density of urban parks and perceived appropriateness for recreation[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2006,5(1):35-44.
[14]Jansson M,Fors H,Lindgren T,et al.Perceived personal safety in relation to urban woodland vegetation-A review[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2013,12(2):33-127.
[15]Grahn P,Stigsdotter U K.The relation between perceived sensory dimensions of urban green space and stress restoration[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,94(3-4):75-264.
[16]Schroeder H,Daniel T C.Progress in predicting the perceived scenic beauty of forest landscapes[J].Forest Science,1981,27(1):71-80.
[17]袁勋,许超,包志毅.Lumion软件在植物景观设计中的应用[J].福建林业科技,2013(4):114-116;130.
[18]Zube E H,Pitt D G,Anderson T W.Perception and prediction of scenic resource values of the Northeast[J].Landscape Assessment:Values,Perceptions&Resources,1975,9:151-167.
[19]俞孔坚,吉庆萍.专家与公众景观审美差异研究及对策[J].中国园林,1990(2):19-23.
[20]陈鑫峰,王雁.国内外森林景观的定量评价和经营技术研究现状[J].世界林业研究,2000(13):8-31.
[21]章俊华.规划设计学中的调查分析法与实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[22]于苏建,袁书琪.基于SD法的公园景观综合感知研究:以福州市为例[J].旅游科学,2012,26(5):85-94.
[23]矫明阳,高凤,郝培尧,等.基于SD法的城市带状公园植物景观评价研究[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(5):185-190.
[24]黄广远.北京市城区城市森林结构及景观美学评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[25]王建伟,魏淑敏,姚瑞,等.园林空间类型划分及景观感知特征量化研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27:221-225.
[26]Moflooh J L.景观设计理论与技法[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2007:7-125.
文中图片均由龚鹏拍摄。
[2]埃卡特·兰格,伊泽瑞尔·勒格瓦伊拉,刘滨谊,等.视觉景观研究:回顾与展望[J].中国园林,2012(3):5-14.
[3]Edwards D,Jay M,Jensen F S,et al.Public preferences for structural attributes of forests:Towards a pan-European perspective[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2012(19):9-12.
[4]Shafer E L,Richards T A.A Comparison of Viewer Reactions to Outside Scenes and Photographs of Those Scenes[R].1974.
[5]Daniel T C,Boster R S,Forest R M.Measuring landscape esthetics:the scenic beauty estimation method[D].USDA Forest Serv Res,1976.
[6]Brush R O.The attractiveness of woodlands:Perceptions of forest landowners in Massachusetts[J].Forest Science,1979,25(3):495-506.
[7]李冠衡.从园林植物景观评价的角度探讨植物造景艺术[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[8]孙振帮.常绿树在东北城市绿化中的应用及景观评价[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2005.
[9]余醇.城市公园植物景观与游人感知的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.
[10]姚玉敏.绿化景观的视觉环境质量评价研究[D].南京:南京大学,2011.
[11]Bl?baum A,Hunecke M.Perceived Danger in Urban Public Space The Impacts of Physical Features and Personal Factors[J].Environment and Behavior,2005,37(4):86-465.
[12]Herzog T R,Kutzli G E.Preference and perceived danger in field/forest settings[J].Environment and Behavior,2002,34(6):35-819.
[13]Bjerke T,?stdahl T,Thrane C,et al.Vegetation density of urban parks and perceived appropriateness for recreation[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2006,5(1):35-44.
[14]Jansson M,Fors H,Lindgren T,et al.Perceived personal safety in relation to urban woodland vegetation-A review[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2013,12(2):33-127.
[15]Grahn P,Stigsdotter U K.The relation between perceived sensory dimensions of urban green space and stress restoration[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,94(3-4):75-264.
[16]Schroeder H,Daniel T C.Progress in predicting the perceived scenic beauty of forest landscapes[J].Forest Science,1981,27(1):71-80.
[17]袁勋,许超,包志毅.Lumion软件在植物景观设计中的应用[J].福建林业科技,2013(4):114-116;130.
[18]Zube E H,Pitt D G,Anderson T W.Perception and prediction of scenic resource values of the Northeast[J].Landscape Assessment:Values,Perceptions&Resources,1975,9:151-167.
[19]俞孔坚,吉庆萍.专家与公众景观审美差异研究及对策[J].中国园林,1990(2):19-23.
[20]陈鑫峰,王雁.国内外森林景观的定量评价和经营技术研究现状[J].世界林业研究,2000(13):8-31.
[21]章俊华.规划设计学中的调查分析法与实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[22]于苏建,袁书琪.基于SD法的公园景观综合感知研究:以福州市为例[J].旅游科学,2012,26(5):85-94.
[23]矫明阳,高凤,郝培尧,等.基于SD法的城市带状公园植物景观评价研究[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(5):185-190.
[24]黄广远.北京市城区城市森林结构及景观美学评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[25]王建伟,魏淑敏,姚瑞,等.园林空间类型划分及景观感知特征量化研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27:221-225.
[26]Moflooh J L.景观设计理论与技法[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2007:7-125.
文中图片均由龚鹏拍摄。