中国城市社区治理现代化之路——一项历时性的多维度考察
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摘要
中华人民共和国成立近70年来,城市社区经历探索、转型、建设和治理四个阶段的发展,构成富有中国特色的治理道路和发展图景。其中,社区自身的定位从城市基层社会管理体制中的辅助组织转向法定的基层自治组织,进而成为国家治理现代化战略推进的基础单元;社区的核心功能从改革前面向社会弱势群体的有限服务转向探索并建设适应于政府和社会双重转型过程的城市基层服务体系,进而推进从传统管理向现代治理的体制性转换;发展重点从着重于改善服务设施转向持续性地推动其体制机制的不断完善和创新,并赋权增能于居民和社区组织主体,从而发掘和激活社区治理的内生动力;推进路径则沿循地方实践—经验采集—政策创制—试点探索—成效反馈—顶层设计—整体推进的清晰思路。中国城市社区治理的特色道路彰显了宏大的现实蕴意和深刻的时代价值,也昭示着国家治理现代化的走向和前景。
Since 1949 till now,the development of urban communities has gone through four stages of exploration,transformation,construction and governance,forming a governance path and development prospect with Chinese characteristics.Among them,the organizational orientation of the community itself,from the auxiliary organization in the urban basic-level social management system to the statutory grass-roots autonomous organizations in the context of social transformation,has become the basic unit of the strategy of China's state governance modernization.The core function of the community has shifted from the limited service to the exploration and construction of the city-based service system adapted to the dual transformation process of government and society,thus promoting the systematic transformation from traditional management to modern governance.The focus of development has shifted from improving and perfecting service facilities to continuously promoting the continuous improvement and innovation of its institutional mechanism and empowering residents to increase their capacity,so as to explore and activate the endogenous power of community governance. The promotion path is a clear idea that follows local practice-experience Collection-policy creation-pilot exploration-effectiveness feedback-top design-overall promotion.In order to find and verify the trend and prospects of China's state governance modernization,the Chinese path of urban community governance has demonstrated the great realistic implication and profound time value.
Since 1949 till now,the development of urban communities has gone through four stages of exploration,transformation,construction and governance,forming a governance path and development prospect with Chinese characteristics.Among them,the organizational orientation of the community itself,from the auxiliary organization in the urban basic-level social management system to the statutory grass-roots autonomous organizations in the context of social transformation,has become the basic unit of the strategy of China's state governance modernization.The core function of the community has shifted from the limited service to the exploration and construction of the city-based service system adapted to the dual transformation process of government and society,thus promoting the systematic transformation from traditional management to modern governance.The focus of development has shifted from improving and perfecting service facilities to continuously promoting the continuous improvement and innovation of its institutional mechanism and empowering residents to increase their capacity,so as to explore and activate the endogenous power of community governance. The promotion path is a clear idea that follows local practice-experience Collection-policy creation-pilot exploration-effectiveness feedback-top design-overall promotion.In order to find and verify the trend and prospects of China's state governance modernization,the Chinese path of urban community governance has demonstrated the great realistic implication and profound time value.
引文
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[3]林尚立.社区:中国政治建设的战略性空间[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2002(2):58-64.
[4]民政部基层政权和社区建设司.社区治理现代化视野下的创新实践---第一批全国社区治理和服务创新实验区成果汇编[M].北京:中国社会出版社,2017.
[5]李春.我国城市社区公共服务模式的发展历程与启示[J].理论导刊,2013(2):26-28.
[6]黎熙元,陈福平,童晓频.社区的转型与重构:中国城市基层社会的再整合[M].北京:商务印书馆,2011.
[7]宋言奇.城市邻里关系的空间效应[J].城市问题,2005(9):47-50.
[8]民政部综合计划司.中国民政统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1993.
[9]城乡社区服务体系建设规划(2016-2020年)[EB/OL].(2017-07-07).http:∥www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzgggz/fzgh/ghwb/gjjgh/201707/t20170707_854160.html.
[10]陈伟东.社区行动者逻辑:破解社区治理难题[J].政治学研究,2018(1):103-106.
[11]张勇.我国六十年城市社区建设历程、脉络与启示[J].深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012(3):146-151.
[12]孙桂华.社区建设[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2006.
[13]薛澜.顶层设计与泥泞前行:中国国家治理现代化之路[J].公共管理学报,2014(4):1-6.
[14]李健.公益创投政策扩散的制度逻辑与行动策略---基于我国地方政府政策文本的分析[J].南京社会科学,2017(2):91-97.