城市正义的历史生成与中国建构
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摘要
我们正步入城市社会,如何在推进城市化的进程中,自觉建构、完善城市正义,是西方政治哲学传统一直关注的话题。自由主义认为权利优先于善、国家中立是建构城市正义的根本,而社群主义则强调培养共同善,致力于塑造政治共同体。这两者看似对立的观点背后其实分享着共同的逻辑:即用同一性否认或压制差异。差异性和多样性是城市的天然属性,是理解城市的根本前提,没有对差异问题的合理应对,就没有城市正义。在当代中国境遇中,建构差异的城市正义,需要处理好城市正义感的个体伸张与普遍唤醒、城市差异性的宏观建构与微观推进和城市公共性的顶层设计与集体行动的关系。
We are stepping into the urban society. How to construct and consummate urban justice consciously in the process of urbanization is a topic that western political philosophy has always been concerned.Liberalism asserts the priority of rights over good, claiming that national neutrality is the foundation of the construction of urban justice, while communitarianism emphasizes the cultivation of the common good, dedicating themselves to construct the political communities. There is a common logic behind the seemingly opposing views: utilize identity to deny or suppress differences. Differences and diversity are the natural attributes of cities, without which we cannot understand cities, and there is no urban justice without a reasonable response to the difference. In contemporary China, the construction of differentiated urban justice needs to deal with the relationship between?the individual uphold and universal awakening of the sense of urban justice, the macro construction and microcosmic propulsion of urban?differences, and the relationship between top-level design and collective action of urban publicity.
We are stepping into the urban society. How to construct and consummate urban justice consciously in the process of urbanization is a topic that western political philosophy has always been concerned.Liberalism asserts the priority of rights over good, claiming that national neutrality is the foundation of the construction of urban justice, while communitarianism emphasizes the cultivation of the common good, dedicating themselves to construct the political communities. There is a common logic behind the seemingly opposing views: utilize identity to deny or suppress differences. Differences and diversity are the natural attributes of cities, without which we cannot understand cities, and there is no urban justice without a reasonable response to the difference. In contemporary China, the construction of differentiated urban justice needs to deal with the relationship between?the individual uphold and universal awakening of the sense of urban justice, the macro construction and microcosmic propulsion of urban?differences, and the relationship between top-level design and collective action of urban publicity.
引文
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[38]陈忠.城市正义的差异性问题[J].东岳论丛,2013,(5):11-15.
[39]姚尚建.城市发展:权利外溢与治理融合[J].理论与改革,2019,(1):142-149.
[42]何森,张鸿雁.城市社会空间分化如何可能[J].探索与争鸣,2011,(8):47-51.
[43]陈忠.城市社会:文明多样性与命运共同体[J].中国社会科学,2017,(1):46-62.
[44][美]奥尔森.集体行动的逻辑[M].陈郁等译.上海:上海人民出版社,2018:193.
[2][3][6][9][美]罗尔斯.正义论(修订版)[M].何怀宏等译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2017:3,15,22,399.
[4][8][13][美]诺奇克.无政府、国家与乌托邦[M].姚大志译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2014:41,40,40.
[5][英]洛克.政府论(下篇)[M].叶启芳,翟菊农译.北京:商务印书馆,2015:3.
[7][美]苏珊·S.费恩斯坦.正义城市[M].武烜译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2016:38.
[10][11][12][美]罗尔斯.政治自由主义[M].万俊人译.南京:译林出版社,2013:177,178,186.
[14][16][18][19][21][美]桑德尔.自由主义与正义的局限[M].万俊人等译.南京:译林出版社,2011:152,211,211,195,194.
[15][22][美]桑德尔.民主的不满:美国在寻求一种公共哲学[M].曾继茂译.北京:中信出版社,2016:19,456.
[17][德]阿伦特.极权主义的起源[M].林骧华译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2014:389.
[20][古希腊]亚里士多德.政治学[M].吴寿彭译.北京:商务印书馆,2014:143.
[23][27][28][33][36][37][美]艾利斯·M.杨.正义与差异政治[M].李诚予,刘靖子译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2017:277,154,207-208,278,292,224-225.
[24][英]加里·布里奇,索菲·沃森.城市概论[M].陈剑峰,袁胜育等译.桂林:漓江出版社,2015:265.
[25]陈忠.空间与城市哲学研究[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2017:150.
[26]任平.当代视野中的马克思[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2008:465.
[29][32][美]雅各布斯.美国大城市的死与生[M].金衡山译.南京:译林出版社,2014:130,10-11.
[30][美]约翰·伦尼·肖特.城市秩序[M].郑娟,梁捷译.上海:上海人民出版社,2015:227.
[31][40][41]包亚明.现代性与空间的生产[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2003:51,50,55.
[34][美]马休尼斯,帕里罗.城市社会学[M].姚伟,王佳译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2016:347.
[35][美]米切尔.城市权:社会正义和为公共空间而战斗[M].强乃社译.苏州:苏州大学出版社,2018:18.
[38]陈忠.城市正义的差异性问题[J].东岳论丛,2013,(5):11-15.
[39]姚尚建.城市发展:权利外溢与治理融合[J].理论与改革,2019,(1):142-149.
[42]何森,张鸿雁.城市社会空间分化如何可能[J].探索与争鸣,2011,(8):47-51.
[43]陈忠.城市社会:文明多样性与命运共同体[J].中国社会科学,2017,(1):46-62.
[44][美]奥尔森.集体行动的逻辑[M].陈郁等译.上海:上海人民出版社,2018:193.