1959～2012年夏季珠三角地区高温热浪的时空分布特征及其城市热岛效应的影响分析
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摘要
采用珠三角地区9个观测站点1959～2012年夏季(6～8月)逐日2:00、8:00、14:00、20:00的温度资料研究珠三角地区夏季高温热浪天气日数和强度的时空分布特征;以及暖夜日数的历年变化趋势;并分析了2000～2012年夏季广州市城市热岛效应对高温热浪天气的影响。研究表明:(1)珠三角地区高温热浪日数及强度的时空分布特征相似,空间分布上呈从北向南递减趋势,时间分布上20世纪60～80年代呈减少趋势,80年代开始呈增加趋势,21世纪之后大幅增加,并在2007年达到峰值;(2)珠三角地区暖夜日数呈增加趋势,且高值区分布与高温热浪日数和强度的分布相似,均发生在20世纪90年代末以后;(3)1980～2012年夏季广州站各项要素的增加速度均为最快,说明城市热岛效应对广州市区的高温热浪(暖夜)的强度和持续时间均有增强作用;(4)2000～2012年夏季广州市6次高温热浪过程中,城区的暖夜日数占总日数的78. 6%,郊区的暖夜日数占总日数的14. 2%,说明城市热岛效应对城区高温热浪期间夜间温度的影响比白天更为突出。
The temperature data of 9 observation sites in the Pearl River delta region from 1959 to 2012( JuneAugust) at 2: 00,8: 00,14: 00 and 20: 00 was used,and studied the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of summer hot and cold weather days and intensity in the Pearl River delta region,as well as warm nights. The trend of the number of days has been analyzed over the years,and the impact of the urban heat island effect of Guangzhou in the summer of 2000 ～ 2012 on the hot and cold weather is analyzed. The research shows these as follows.(1)The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the number and intensity of high temperature heat waves in the Pearl River delta region are similar,and the spatial distribution decreases from north to south,the time distribution decreases from the 1960 s to the 1980 s,and the trend begins to increase in the 1980 s. after the 21 st century,it increased sharply and reached its peak in 2007.(2)The number of warm night days in the Pearl River delta region showed an increasing trend,and the distribution of high-valued areas was similar to the distribution of high-temperature heat waves and intensity,which occurred after the late 1990 s.(3)In the summer of 1980 ～ 2012,the increase rate of various elements in Guangzhou Station was the fastest,in dicating that the urban heat island effect enhanced the intensity and duration of the high temperature heat wave( warm night) in Guangzhou.(4)Summer 2000 ～ 2012 during the 6 high-temperature heat waves in Guangzhou,the number of warm night days in the city accounted for 78. 6% of the total number of days,and the number of warm night days in the suburbs accounte d for 14. 2% of the total number of days,in dicating that the effect of urban heat island effect on nighttime temperature during urban heat wave is more prominent thanduring the day.
The temperature data of 9 observation sites in the Pearl River delta region from 1959 to 2012( JuneAugust) at 2: 00,8: 00,14: 00 and 20: 00 was used,and studied the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of summer hot and cold weather days and intensity in the Pearl River delta region,as well as warm nights. The trend of the number of days has been analyzed over the years,and the impact of the urban heat island effect of Guangzhou in the summer of 2000 ～ 2012 on the hot and cold weather is analyzed. The research shows these as follows.(1)The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the number and intensity of high temperature heat waves in the Pearl River delta region are similar,and the spatial distribution decreases from north to south,the time distribution decreases from the 1960 s to the 1980 s,and the trend begins to increase in the 1980 s. after the 21 st century,it increased sharply and reached its peak in 2007.(2)The number of warm night days in the Pearl River delta region showed an increasing trend,and the distribution of high-valued areas was similar to the distribution of high-temperature heat waves and intensity,which occurred after the late 1990 s.(3)In the summer of 1980 ～ 2012,the increase rate of various elements in Guangzhou Station was the fastest,in dicating that the urban heat island effect enhanced the intensity and duration of the high temperature heat wave( warm night) in Guangzhou.(4)Summer 2000 ～ 2012 during the 6 high-temperature heat waves in Guangzhou,the number of warm night days in the city accounted for 78. 6% of the total number of days,and the number of warm night days in the suburbs accounte d for 14. 2% of the total number of days,in dicating that the effect of urban heat island effect on nighttime temperature during urban heat wave is more prominent thanduring the day.
引文
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7 陈桢华,马慧,汤沛.珠三角盛夏高温特征及其原因分析[J].气象研究与应用,2011,32(1):22-24Chen Zhenhua,Ma Hui,Tang Pei. Characteristics and causes of the summer high temperature in Pearl River delta[J]. Journal of Meteorological Research and Application,2011,32(1):22-24
8 李海鹰,余江华,唐仰华.热带气旋与珠江三角洲高温天气的关系[J].气象科技,2005,33(6):501-504Li Haiying,Yu Jianghua,Tang Yanghua. Relationship between tropical cyclone and high temperature in Pearl River delta[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology,2005,33(6):501-504
9 许薇,汤强,陈欢欢. 1961~2010年广东省高温天气时空变化特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2013,29(6):68-74Xu Wei,Tang Qiang,Chen Huanhuan. Temporal and spatial distribution of high temperature weather from 1961 to 2010 in Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2013,29(6):68-74
10 Schatz J,Kucharik C J. Urban climate effects on extreme temperatures in Madison,Wisconsin,USA[J]. Environmental Research Letters,2015,10(9):094024
11 海南省人民政府公报.气象灾害预警信号发布与传播办法[EB/OL].[2007-06-12]. http://www. cma. gov. cn/2011zwxx/2011zflfg/2011zbmgz/201110/t20111027_135190. html Gazette of the People's Government of Hainan Province. Meteorological disaster warning signal release and dissemination methods.[EB/OL].[2007-06-12]. http://www. cma. gov. cn/2011zwxx/2011zflfg/2011zbmgz/201110/t20111027_135190. html
12 王琼,张明军,王圣杰,等. 1962~2011年长江流域极端气温事件分析[J].地理学报,2013,68(5):611-625Wang Qiong,Zhang Mingjun,Wang Shengjie,et al. Extreme temperature events in Yangtze River Basin during 1962~2011[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(5):611-625
13 李庆祥,黄嘉佑.环渤海地区城市化对夏季极端暖夜的影响[J].气象学报,2013,71(4):668-676Li Qingxiang,Huang Jiayou. Effects of urbanization in the surroun ding bobal area on extreme summer warmest night temperatures[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2013,71(4):668-676
14 李琪,苏欢,史雨涵,等. 1961~2010年江浙沪地区夏季高温热浪时空变化特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(3):506-513Li Qi,Su Huan,Shi Yühan,et al. Temperal spatial change characteristics of summer heatwaves in Jiangsu Zhejiang Shanghai region during 1961~2010[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(3):506-513
15 许学强,张蓉.珠江三角洲的工业化与城市化[J].地理与地理信息科学,1995,11(1):1-8Xu Xueqiang,Zhang Rong. Industrialization and urbanization in the Pearl River delta[J]. Geography and Geo-information Science,1995,11(1):1-8
16 丁硕毅,乔冠瑾,郭媛媛,等.珠三角城市群热岛及其气象影响因子研究.热带气象学报,2015,31(5):681-690Ding Shuoyi,Qiao Guanjin,Guo Yuanyuan. Study on the heat island of the Pearl River delta urban agglomeration and its meteorological impact factors[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology. 2015,31(5):681-690
17 吴宇静.珠三角城郊土地利用变化研究——以广州市增城区为例[J].资源与人居环境,2014(6):35-37Wu Yujing,Study on land use change in suburbs of the pearl river delta——Taking Zengcheng district of Guangzhou as an example[J]. Resources and Habitant Environment,2014(6):35-37
18 叶玉瑶,张虹鸥,刘凯,等. 1988—2006年珠三角建设用地扩展的空间差异分析[J].热带地理,2012,32(5):493-500Ye Yuyao,Zhang Hongou,Liu Kai,et al. Spatial analysis of construction land expansion in the Pearl River delta during 1988~2006[J]. Tropical Geography,2012,32(5):493-500
19 封静,潘安定,李冰.珠三角地区近40年的气温变化特征分析[J].热带农业工程,2011,35(5):60-64Feng Jing,Pan Anding,Li Bing. Air temperature variation in recent 40 years over Pearl River delta region[J]. Tropical Agricultural Engineering,2011,35(5):60-64
20 刘黎明,陈创买.广东省1954~1990年的气候特征及异常[J].热带气象学报,1996(4):289-296Liu Liming, Chen Chuangmai. The climatic characteristics and anomalies in Guangdong province during 1954~1990[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology,1996(4):289-296
21 蒙伟光,张艳霞,李江南,等. WRF/UCM在广州高温天气及城市热岛模拟研究中的应用[J].热带气象学报,2010,26(3):273-282Meng Weiguang,Zhang Yanxia,Li Jiangnan,et al. Application of wrf/ucm in the simulation of a heat wave event and urban heat islan around Guangzhou city[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2010,26(3):273-282
22 劳汉琼,吴德平,侯雪梅.南海OLR异常与2007年广东省高温天气的关系[J].气象与减灾研究,2009,32(2):38-43Lao Hanqiong,Wu Deping,Hou Xuemei. Relationship between OLR abnormity over the South China sea and the 2007 high temperature event in Guangdong[J]. Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research,2009,32(2):38-43
2 徐金芳,邓振镛,陈敏.中国高温热浪危害特征的研究综述[J].干旱气象,2009,27(2):163-167Xu Jinfang,Deng Zhenyong,Chen Min. A summary of stu dying on characteristics of high temperature and heat wave damage in China[J]. Journal of Arid Meterology,2009,27(2):163-167
3 任玉玉,任国玉,张爱英.城市化对地面气温变化趋势影响研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(11):1301-1310Ren Yuyu,Ren Guoyu,Zhang Aiying. An overview of researches of urbanization effect on land surface air temperature trends[J]. Progress in Geography,2010,29(11):1301-1310
4 李国栋,张俊华,程弘毅,等.全球变暖和城市化背景下的城市热岛效应[J].气象科技进展,2012,2(6):45-49Li Guodong,Zhang Junhua,Cheng Hongyi,et al. Urban heat island effect against the background of global warming and urbanization[J].Advances in Meteorological Science and Technology,2012,2(6):45-49
5 侯依玲,陈葆德,陈伯民,等.上海城市化进程导致的局地气温变化特征[J].高原气象,2008(增刊1):131-137Hou Yiling,Chen Baode,Chen Bomin,et al. Characteristics of local air temperature variation influence d by Shanghai urbanization[J].Plateau Meteorology,2008(s1):131-137
6 杜尧东.广东完成高温热浪健康风险区别[J].中国气象报,2013(3):7-11Du Yaodong. Guangdong completes the difference in health risks of high temperature heat waves[J]. China Meteorological Daily,2013(3):7-11
7 陈桢华,马慧,汤沛.珠三角盛夏高温特征及其原因分析[J].气象研究与应用,2011,32(1):22-24Chen Zhenhua,Ma Hui,Tang Pei. Characteristics and causes of the summer high temperature in Pearl River delta[J]. Journal of Meteorological Research and Application,2011,32(1):22-24
8 李海鹰,余江华,唐仰华.热带气旋与珠江三角洲高温天气的关系[J].气象科技,2005,33(6):501-504Li Haiying,Yu Jianghua,Tang Yanghua. Relationship between tropical cyclone and high temperature in Pearl River delta[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology,2005,33(6):501-504
9 许薇,汤强,陈欢欢. 1961~2010年广东省高温天气时空变化特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2013,29(6):68-74Xu Wei,Tang Qiang,Chen Huanhuan. Temporal and spatial distribution of high temperature weather from 1961 to 2010 in Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2013,29(6):68-74
10 Schatz J,Kucharik C J. Urban climate effects on extreme temperatures in Madison,Wisconsin,USA[J]. Environmental Research Letters,2015,10(9):094024
11 海南省人民政府公报.气象灾害预警信号发布与传播办法[EB/OL].[2007-06-12]. http://www. cma. gov. cn/2011zwxx/2011zflfg/2011zbmgz/201110/t20111027_135190. html Gazette of the People's Government of Hainan Province. Meteorological disaster warning signal release and dissemination methods.[EB/OL].[2007-06-12]. http://www. cma. gov. cn/2011zwxx/2011zflfg/2011zbmgz/201110/t20111027_135190. html
12 王琼,张明军,王圣杰,等. 1962~2011年长江流域极端气温事件分析[J].地理学报,2013,68(5):611-625Wang Qiong,Zhang Mingjun,Wang Shengjie,et al. Extreme temperature events in Yangtze River Basin during 1962~2011[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(5):611-625
13 李庆祥,黄嘉佑.环渤海地区城市化对夏季极端暖夜的影响[J].气象学报,2013,71(4):668-676Li Qingxiang,Huang Jiayou. Effects of urbanization in the surroun ding bobal area on extreme summer warmest night temperatures[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2013,71(4):668-676
14 李琪,苏欢,史雨涵,等. 1961~2010年江浙沪地区夏季高温热浪时空变化特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(3):506-513Li Qi,Su Huan,Shi Yühan,et al. Temperal spatial change characteristics of summer heatwaves in Jiangsu Zhejiang Shanghai region during 1961~2010[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(3):506-513
15 许学强,张蓉.珠江三角洲的工业化与城市化[J].地理与地理信息科学,1995,11(1):1-8Xu Xueqiang,Zhang Rong. Industrialization and urbanization in the Pearl River delta[J]. Geography and Geo-information Science,1995,11(1):1-8
16 丁硕毅,乔冠瑾,郭媛媛,等.珠三角城市群热岛及其气象影响因子研究.热带气象学报,2015,31(5):681-690Ding Shuoyi,Qiao Guanjin,Guo Yuanyuan. Study on the heat island of the Pearl River delta urban agglomeration and its meteorological impact factors[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology. 2015,31(5):681-690
17 吴宇静.珠三角城郊土地利用变化研究——以广州市增城区为例[J].资源与人居环境,2014(6):35-37Wu Yujing,Study on land use change in suburbs of the pearl river delta——Taking Zengcheng district of Guangzhou as an example[J]. Resources and Habitant Environment,2014(6):35-37
18 叶玉瑶,张虹鸥,刘凯,等. 1988—2006年珠三角建设用地扩展的空间差异分析[J].热带地理,2012,32(5):493-500Ye Yuyao,Zhang Hongou,Liu Kai,et al. Spatial analysis of construction land expansion in the Pearl River delta during 1988~2006[J]. Tropical Geography,2012,32(5):493-500
19 封静,潘安定,李冰.珠三角地区近40年的气温变化特征分析[J].热带农业工程,2011,35(5):60-64Feng Jing,Pan Anding,Li Bing. Air temperature variation in recent 40 years over Pearl River delta region[J]. Tropical Agricultural Engineering,2011,35(5):60-64
20 刘黎明,陈创买.广东省1954~1990年的气候特征及异常[J].热带气象学报,1996(4):289-296Liu Liming, Chen Chuangmai. The climatic characteristics and anomalies in Guangdong province during 1954~1990[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology,1996(4):289-296
21 蒙伟光,张艳霞,李江南,等. WRF/UCM在广州高温天气及城市热岛模拟研究中的应用[J].热带气象学报,2010,26(3):273-282Meng Weiguang,Zhang Yanxia,Li Jiangnan,et al. Application of wrf/ucm in the simulation of a heat wave event and urban heat islan around Guangzhou city[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2010,26(3):273-282
22 劳汉琼,吴德平,侯雪梅.南海OLR异常与2007年广东省高温天气的关系[J].气象与减灾研究,2009,32(2):38-43Lao Hanqiong,Wu Deping,Hou Xuemei. Relationship between OLR abnormity over the South China sea and the 2007 high temperature event in Guangdong[J]. Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research,2009,32(2):38-43