建筑小区尺度下LID措施前期条件对径流调控效果影响模拟
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摘要
以西咸新区天福和园住宅小区为研究对象,采用暴雨洪水管理模型(Storm Water Management Model,SWMM)构建含低影响开发(LID)措施调控作用的城市雨洪过程数值模型,模拟分析了不同重现期降雨下LID措施和传统开发情况在不同前期条件下的径流控制及峰值削减效果。结果表明:①LID措施自然状态、半饱和与饱和状态在不同重现期降雨下径流控制率分别为64. 3%～83. 2%、56. 3%～76. 5%和48. 7～68. 1%,与自然状态相比,半饱和与饱和情况径流控制率分别减少了6. 7%～9. 1%和15. 1%～15. 8%,且皆随重现期增大径流控制率减少值先增大后减小。②径流峰值分别为23. 3～189. 4 L/s、25. 9～198. 4 L/s和28. 8～290. 7 L/s,与自然状态相比,半饱和与饱和状态径流峰值分别增加了4. 5%～20. 9%和22. 9%～53. 4%,表明LID措施在饱和状态下的调控效果远不如自然状态。③相较于传统开发,LID条件下自然状态和半饱和状态对径流峰值削减显著,但饱和情况在降雨重现期20年时径流峰值反而升高,表明LID措施饱和状态在大暴雨情况对下游管网造成更大压力。④在相同前期条件下有LID措施对径流控制率有明显提升。
Low Impact Development (LID) measure is a type of sustainable engineering measure to solve the urban water problems. The runoff-control rate is considerably affected by the initial hydrological conditions. Through using Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) for Tianfuheyuan Residential Community in Xixian New Area,this work simulates the runoff control and flood peak reduction under different initial conditions for LID and traditional-development measures,respectively for a set of storms with different return periods. The results indicate that: ① The runoffcontrol rates of natural,semi-saturated and saturated LID measures are 64. 3% —83. 2%,56. 3% —76. 5% and 48. 7% —68. 1%,respectively. Compared to the natural condition,the runoff-control rates in the semi-saturated and saturated conditions are reduced by 6. 7% —9. 1% and 15. 1% —15. 8%,respectively. As the rainfall return period increases,the reduction value of runoff-control rate increases at the beginning but then decreases. ② The runoff peaks are 23. 3—189. 4 L/s,25. 9—198. 4 L/s and 28. 8—290. 7 L/s,respectively for natural,semi-saturated and saturated LID measures. In contrast with natural condition,the runoff peaks of semi-saturated and saturated conditions increase by 4. 5% —20. 9% and 22. 9% —53. 4%,respectively,indicating that the runoff-control effect of LID measures in saturated condition is far lower than that of nature condition. ③ Compared to the traditional development,LID has significant improvement for runoff control rate. The natural and semi-saturated LID measures could significantly reduce the peak runoff,but it increases under the saturated condition with the rainfall return period of 20 years,showing that the saturated LID measures may lead to higher discharge in the sewer networks downstream for heavy storms. ④ Under the same initial conditions,LID measures are able to effectively improve runoff-control rate.The research can help investigate the practical effects of LID measures.
Low Impact Development (LID) measure is a type of sustainable engineering measure to solve the urban water problems. The runoff-control rate is considerably affected by the initial hydrological conditions. Through using Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) for Tianfuheyuan Residential Community in Xixian New Area,this work simulates the runoff control and flood peak reduction under different initial conditions for LID and traditional-development measures,respectively for a set of storms with different return periods. The results indicate that: ① The runoffcontrol rates of natural,semi-saturated and saturated LID measures are 64. 3% —83. 2%,56. 3% —76. 5% and 48. 7% —68. 1%,respectively. Compared to the natural condition,the runoff-control rates in the semi-saturated and saturated conditions are reduced by 6. 7% —9. 1% and 15. 1% —15. 8%,respectively. As the rainfall return period increases,the reduction value of runoff-control rate increases at the beginning but then decreases. ② The runoff peaks are 23. 3—189. 4 L/s,25. 9—198. 4 L/s and 28. 8—290. 7 L/s,respectively for natural,semi-saturated and saturated LID measures. In contrast with natural condition,the runoff peaks of semi-saturated and saturated conditions increase by 4. 5% —20. 9% and 22. 9% —53. 4%,respectively,indicating that the runoff-control effect of LID measures in saturated condition is far lower than that of nature condition. ③ Compared to the traditional development,LID has significant improvement for runoff control rate. The natural and semi-saturated LID measures could significantly reduce the peak runoff,but it increases under the saturated condition with the rainfall return period of 20 years,showing that the saturated LID measures may lead to higher discharge in the sewer networks downstream for heavy storms. ④ Under the same initial conditions,LID measures are able to effectively improve runoff-control rate.The research can help investigate the practical effects of LID measures.
引文
[1]常晓栋,徐宗学,赵刚,等.基于SWMM模型的城市雨洪模拟与LID效果评价:以北京市清河流域为例[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(11):84-93.(CHANG X D,XU Z X,ZHAO G,et al.Urban rainfall-runoff simulations and assessment of low impact development facilities using SWMM model:a case study of Qinghe catchment in Beijing[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(11):84-93.(in Chinese))
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[3]张建云,王银堂,胡庆芳,等.海绵城市建设有关问题讨论[J].水科学进展,2016,27(6):793-799.(ZHANG J Y,WANG Y T,HU Q F,et al.Discussion and views on some issues of the sponage city construction in China[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(6):793-799.(in Chinese))
[4]张建云,宋晓猛,王国庆,等.变化环境下城市水文学的发展与挑战:I:城市水文效应[J].水科学进展,2014,25(4):594-605.(ZHANG J Y,SONG X M,WANG G Q,et al.Development and challenges of urban hydrology in a changing environment:I:hydrological response to urbanization[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(4):594-605.(in Chinese))
[5]翟盘茂,王萃萃,李威.极端降水事件变化的观测研究[J].气候变化研究进展,2007(3):144-148.(ZHAI P M,WANG CC,LI W.A review on study of change in precipitation extremes[J].Advances in Change Research,2007(3):144-148.(in Chinese))
[6]张建云,王银堂,贺瑞敏,等.中国城市洪涝问题及成因分析[J].水科学进展,2016,27(4):485-491.(ZHANG J Y,WANG Y T,HE R M,et al.Discussion on the urban flood and waterlogging and causes analysis in China[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(4):485-491.(in Chinese))
[7]孙艳伟,魏晓妹,POMEROY C A.低影响发展的雨洪资源调控措施研究现状与展望[J].水科学进展,2011,22(2):287-293.(SUN Y W,WEI X M,POMEROY C A.Review of current research and future directions of low impact development practices for storm water[J].Advances in Water Science,2011,22(2):287-293.(in Chinese))
[8]武永新,张立洪.基于低影响开发的旧城区内涝数值模拟研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(1):114-119.(WUY X,ZHANG L H.Study on urban waterlogging numerical simulation base on low impact development[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2017,28(1):114-119.(in Chinese))
[9]李家科,李亚,沈冰,等.基于SWMM模型的城市雨水花园调控措施的效果模拟[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(4):60-67.(LI J K,LI Y,SHEN B,et al.Simulation of rain garden effects in urbanized area based on SWMM[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(4):60-67.(in Chinese))
[10]尚蕊玲,王华,黄宁俊,等.城市新区低影响开发措施的效果模拟与评价[J].中国给水排水,2016(11):141-146.(SHANG R L,WANG H,HUANG N J,et al.Effect simulation and evaluation of low-impact development measures in new city[J].China Water&Wastewater,2016(11):141-146.(in Chinese))
[11]胡作鹏,刘志强,彭森,等.低影响开发(LID)雨水径流控制效果模拟[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(7):3956-3960.(HU Z P,LIU Z Q,PENG S,et al.Simulation of storm water runoff control effect by low impact development(LID)[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(7):3956-3960.(in Chinese))
[12]蔡庆拟,陈志和,陈星,等.低影响开发措施的城市雨洪控制效果模拟[J].水资源保护,2017,33(2):31-36.(CAI QN,CHEN Z H,CHEN X,et al.Simulation of control efficiency of low impact development measures for urban stormwater[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(2):31-36.(in Chinese))
[13]黄国如,麦叶鹏,李碧琦,等.基于PCSWMM模型的广州典型社区海绵化改造水文效应研究[J].南方建筑,2017(3):38-45.(HUANG G R,MAI Y P,LI B Q,et al.Study on hydrological effect of typical community sponge transformation based on PCSWMM in Guangzhou[J].South Architecture,2017(3):38-45.(in Chinese))
[14]KWAK D,KIM H,HAN M.Runoff control potential for design types of low impact development in small developing area using XPSWMM[J].Procedia Engineering,2016,154:1324-1332.
[15]AHIABLAME L,SHAKYA R.Modeling flood reduction effects of low impact development at a watershed scale[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,171:81-91.
[16]刘目兴,聂艳,于婧.不同初始含水率下粘质土壤的入渗过程[J].生态学报,2012,32(3):871-878.(LIU M X,NIEY,YU J.The infiltration process of clay soil under different initial soil water contents[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(3):871-878.(in Chinese))
[17]李瑶,胡潭高,潘骁骏,等.城市内涝灾害模拟与灾情风险评估研究进展[J].地理信息世界,2017(6):42-49.(LI Y,HU T G,PAN X J,et al.Research progress on disaster simulation and risk assessment for urban waterlogging[J].Geomatics World,2017(6):42-49.(in Chinese))
[18]王海潮,陈建刚,张书函,等.城市雨洪模型应用现状及对比分析[J].水利水电技术,2011,42(11):10-13.(WANGH C,CHEN J G,ZHANG S H,et al.Application status and comparative analysis of urban storm water models[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2011,42(11):10-13.(in Chinese))
[19]梅超,刘家宏,王浩,等.SWMM原理解析与应用展望[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(5):33-42.(MEI C,LIU J H,WANG H,et al.Introduction of basic principle and application prospect for SWMM[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2017,48(5):33-42.(in Chinese))
[20]徐慧珺.基于SWMM模型的南京典型区雨洪模拟研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2017.(XU H J.Study of urban stormwater simulation in typical area of Nanjing based on SWMM[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University,2017.(in Chinese))
[21]蒋元勇,丰锴斌,刘学文,等.城市雨洪SWMM模型的敏感参数研究综述[J].生态科学,2015,34(2):194-200.(JIANG Y Y,FENG K B,LIU X W,et al.Summary of sensitive parameters SWMM model of urban stormwater[J].Ecological Science,2015,34(2):194-200.(in Chinese))
[22]水文情报预报规范:GB/T22482-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.(Standard for hydrological information and hydrological forecasting:GB/T 22482-2008[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2009.(in Chinese))
[23]包为民.水文预报[M].3版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.(BAO W M.Hydrological forecast[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[24]薛凯喜,赵宝云,胡艳香,等.非饱和红壤土降雨入渗室内模拟试验[J].地球与环境,2016,44(3):382-389.(XUEK X,ZHAO B Y,HU Y X,et al.An indoor experimantal study on rainfall infiltration of unsaturated red-clay[J].Earth and Environment,2016,44(3):382-389.(in Chinese))
[25]ROSSMAN L.Storm water management model(SWMM)user's manual version 5.0[R].Cincinnati:USEPA,2010.
[26]马越,姬国强,石战航,等.西咸新区沣西新城秦皇大道低影响开发雨水系统改造[J].给水排水,2017(3):59-67.(MA Y,JI G Q,SHI Z H,et al.Reconstruction of LID and rain water system at Qinhuang Avenue in Xixian New Area,Fengxi New City[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2017(3):59-67.(in Chinese))
[2]朱冬冬,周念清,江思珉.城市雨洪径流模型研究概述[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(3):132-137.(ZHU D D,ZHOU N Q,JIANG S M.Research overview of runoff model for urban rainwater[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2011,22(3):132-137.(in Chinese))
[3]张建云,王银堂,胡庆芳,等.海绵城市建设有关问题讨论[J].水科学进展,2016,27(6):793-799.(ZHANG J Y,WANG Y T,HU Q F,et al.Discussion and views on some issues of the sponage city construction in China[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(6):793-799.(in Chinese))
[4]张建云,宋晓猛,王国庆,等.变化环境下城市水文学的发展与挑战:I:城市水文效应[J].水科学进展,2014,25(4):594-605.(ZHANG J Y,SONG X M,WANG G Q,et al.Development and challenges of urban hydrology in a changing environment:I:hydrological response to urbanization[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(4):594-605.(in Chinese))
[5]翟盘茂,王萃萃,李威.极端降水事件变化的观测研究[J].气候变化研究进展,2007(3):144-148.(ZHAI P M,WANG CC,LI W.A review on study of change in precipitation extremes[J].Advances in Change Research,2007(3):144-148.(in Chinese))
[6]张建云,王银堂,贺瑞敏,等.中国城市洪涝问题及成因分析[J].水科学进展,2016,27(4):485-491.(ZHANG J Y,WANG Y T,HE R M,et al.Discussion on the urban flood and waterlogging and causes analysis in China[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(4):485-491.(in Chinese))
[7]孙艳伟,魏晓妹,POMEROY C A.低影响发展的雨洪资源调控措施研究现状与展望[J].水科学进展,2011,22(2):287-293.(SUN Y W,WEI X M,POMEROY C A.Review of current research and future directions of low impact development practices for storm water[J].Advances in Water Science,2011,22(2):287-293.(in Chinese))
[8]武永新,张立洪.基于低影响开发的旧城区内涝数值模拟研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(1):114-119.(WUY X,ZHANG L H.Study on urban waterlogging numerical simulation base on low impact development[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2017,28(1):114-119.(in Chinese))
[9]李家科,李亚,沈冰,等.基于SWMM模型的城市雨水花园调控措施的效果模拟[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(4):60-67.(LI J K,LI Y,SHEN B,et al.Simulation of rain garden effects in urbanized area based on SWMM[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(4):60-67.(in Chinese))
[10]尚蕊玲,王华,黄宁俊,等.城市新区低影响开发措施的效果模拟与评价[J].中国给水排水,2016(11):141-146.(SHANG R L,WANG H,HUANG N J,et al.Effect simulation and evaluation of low-impact development measures in new city[J].China Water&Wastewater,2016(11):141-146.(in Chinese))
[11]胡作鹏,刘志强,彭森,等.低影响开发(LID)雨水径流控制效果模拟[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(7):3956-3960.(HU Z P,LIU Z Q,PENG S,et al.Simulation of storm water runoff control effect by low impact development(LID)[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(7):3956-3960.(in Chinese))
[12]蔡庆拟,陈志和,陈星,等.低影响开发措施的城市雨洪控制效果模拟[J].水资源保护,2017,33(2):31-36.(CAI QN,CHEN Z H,CHEN X,et al.Simulation of control efficiency of low impact development measures for urban stormwater[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(2):31-36.(in Chinese))
[13]黄国如,麦叶鹏,李碧琦,等.基于PCSWMM模型的广州典型社区海绵化改造水文效应研究[J].南方建筑,2017(3):38-45.(HUANG G R,MAI Y P,LI B Q,et al.Study on hydrological effect of typical community sponge transformation based on PCSWMM in Guangzhou[J].South Architecture,2017(3):38-45.(in Chinese))
[14]KWAK D,KIM H,HAN M.Runoff control potential for design types of low impact development in small developing area using XPSWMM[J].Procedia Engineering,2016,154:1324-1332.
[15]AHIABLAME L,SHAKYA R.Modeling flood reduction effects of low impact development at a watershed scale[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,171:81-91.
[16]刘目兴,聂艳,于婧.不同初始含水率下粘质土壤的入渗过程[J].生态学报,2012,32(3):871-878.(LIU M X,NIEY,YU J.The infiltration process of clay soil under different initial soil water contents[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(3):871-878.(in Chinese))
[17]李瑶,胡潭高,潘骁骏,等.城市内涝灾害模拟与灾情风险评估研究进展[J].地理信息世界,2017(6):42-49.(LI Y,HU T G,PAN X J,et al.Research progress on disaster simulation and risk assessment for urban waterlogging[J].Geomatics World,2017(6):42-49.(in Chinese))
[18]王海潮,陈建刚,张书函,等.城市雨洪模型应用现状及对比分析[J].水利水电技术,2011,42(11):10-13.(WANGH C,CHEN J G,ZHANG S H,et al.Application status and comparative analysis of urban storm water models[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2011,42(11):10-13.(in Chinese))
[19]梅超,刘家宏,王浩,等.SWMM原理解析与应用展望[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(5):33-42.(MEI C,LIU J H,WANG H,et al.Introduction of basic principle and application prospect for SWMM[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2017,48(5):33-42.(in Chinese))
[20]徐慧珺.基于SWMM模型的南京典型区雨洪模拟研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2017.(XU H J.Study of urban stormwater simulation in typical area of Nanjing based on SWMM[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University,2017.(in Chinese))
[21]蒋元勇,丰锴斌,刘学文,等.城市雨洪SWMM模型的敏感参数研究综述[J].生态科学,2015,34(2):194-200.(JIANG Y Y,FENG K B,LIU X W,et al.Summary of sensitive parameters SWMM model of urban stormwater[J].Ecological Science,2015,34(2):194-200.(in Chinese))
[22]水文情报预报规范:GB/T22482-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.(Standard for hydrological information and hydrological forecasting:GB/T 22482-2008[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2009.(in Chinese))
[23]包为民.水文预报[M].3版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.(BAO W M.Hydrological forecast[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[24]薛凯喜,赵宝云,胡艳香,等.非饱和红壤土降雨入渗室内模拟试验[J].地球与环境,2016,44(3):382-389.(XUEK X,ZHAO B Y,HU Y X,et al.An indoor experimantal study on rainfall infiltration of unsaturated red-clay[J].Earth and Environment,2016,44(3):382-389.(in Chinese))
[25]ROSSMAN L.Storm water management model(SWMM)user's manual version 5.0[R].Cincinnati:USEPA,2010.
[26]马越,姬国强,石战航,等.西咸新区沣西新城秦皇大道低影响开发雨水系统改造[J].给水排水,2017(3):59-67.(MA Y,JI G Q,SHI Z H,et al.Reconstruction of LID and rain water system at Qinhuang Avenue in Xixian New Area,Fengxi New City[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2017(3):59-67.(in Chinese))